Tuesday, August 11, 2009

AFTER EFFECTS OF THE PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE WITNESSED AT VISAKHAPATNAM ON 22nd JULY 2009 by KLN

AFTER EFFECTS OF THE PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE WITNESSED AT VISAKHAPATNAM ON 22nd JULY 2009
By Prof.Dr.Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana
(Retd. Prof. of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416004)
17-11-10 Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta. P. O, Visakhapatnam-530002 ; Mobile 9491902867 :
lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com, dated 26th Sunday July 2009
keywords: Solar Eclipse 22nd July 2009, Lunar Dust, After effects, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Ionosphere, Stratosphere, Ikeya-Seki Comet 1966, Lunar Eclipse 2009, 6th August, Katni, Bobili, Varanasi.
ABSTRACT:
The extended summer of Andhra Pradesh has been aggravated by the occurrence of the partial solar eclipse on22nd July 2009 and resulted in another fortnight of very hot and dazzling bright weather. The day of eclipse has been particularly noticed as of maximum warm weather from 10 O’clock to till late evening 5.30PM. The employee women have suffered a lot which practically went unnoticed. Only Nepal government declared the day of eclipse as a holiday. The lunar eclipse brought some respite of the warm weather conditions. Unusual rains have been noticed during the period of Lunar eclipse and the next day 7th August 2009 at 11 O’clock AM. After effects of the Solar eclipse has been nicely analysed in terms of the Brightness temperature and the graphs of maximum and minimum temperatures recorded in various cities of Andhra Pradesh. A finding of paramount importance is given as the existence of corridor of dust and grain movements over to India from china and pacific regions, has been explicitly stated and proved. Modern means of recording has enabled the author to sort out the possible contributions, in the different sections of the magnetosphere that during the partial solar eclipse extended over 40 radii of earth at the peak eclipse time, to about 10radii of earth following the end of the eclipse. It is found that undoubtedly the Lunar dust and the fine grain material conjoined with the streaming Coronal hole ejections (22nd July 2009) have loaded the terrestrial magnetosphere. NASA observation of a hole in the magnetosphere needs to be further analysed in view of its orientation and position during the time of Total Solar eclipse. The impact dust raised by the Chandrayaana-1 mission first experiment definitely has prevailed over nine months and has added enormously to the terrestrial magnetosphere loading of particulate and meniscuses material. Air-parcel movement, theorized earlier by the present author, in circulating convection wind up-streams, contributes at the various levels of the atmosphere, reproducing the spectacular air-glows and fractal auroras.

INTRODUCTION:
THE PARTIAL AND TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OBSERVATIONS :
dated: 22nd July 2009:
The dark shadow of moon, the conical shaped umbra made its landfall in Gujarat at 6.30AM and journeyed through Arunachal Pradesh, the Indian continent within a few minutes, the totality being visible along a 250km wide corridor. The eclipse swept through the countries of Bangla desh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, along the China’s Yangtze river, before culminating in Pacific Ocean, where the totality lasted 6min 39sec. Taregna town in Bihar was the place, when Aryabhatta of India literally counted the number of stars he could spot during the total solar eclipse years ago, in the age old history of Indian Astronomy and Astrophysics. The path of totality passed over Bhavanagar, Surat, Ujjain, Indore, Bhopal, Sagar, Jabalpur, Varansi, Allahabad, Gaya, Patna, Bhagalpur, Jalpaigudi, Guwahati, Dibrugarh and Itanagar.
A dull, noxious smog-filled sky stretching over many cities of China’s, the air quality index was as high as 469 (short of reaching the mark 500) the most hazardous atmosphere. Factories around Beijing again started, after the recession, bellowing smoke and ash into the sky.
The previous total solar eclipse in India of long duration was in 1955 that lasted 7minutes and 31 seconds.
Kolkata witnessed 91% of the total solar eclipse on 22nd July 2009 despite cloudy weather. In *Katni in Madhya Pradesh, India atop the circuit house hill, full three minutes observation was made, from 6.22AM and the diamond ring phenomenon lasted for few seconds, before the sun was completely covered by the lunar shadow. Amateur astronomers were able to count the number of stars. Another group was lucky to witness the total eclipse in Ajni in China’s eastern province of Zhejiang. The total solar eclipse was witnessed in its full glory at Varanasi (at 6.25AM at Dashashwamedh and Sheetla Ghats) in U.P and at Katni in M.P.
The IAF Mirage-2000 flew at 42000 feet ( 7.95 miles i.e. slightly below the stratosphere and possibly inside tropo-pause) bisecting the central axis, in NS direction, while AN-32 flew 25000feet (4.735miles i.e. in the middle troposphere) in SW direction (from khajuraho, descending and aligning along the central axis of eclipse) taking off from Agra. The footage obtained has been reported to be excellent. A charted flight flew over 41000feet (7.765miles well below stratosphere) which took off at 4.57AM from Delhi and returned at 8.10AM, cruising through the middle of eclipse for about 4 minutes at 6.26AM above Gaya. The study of Sun’s corona by these air-born equipment of the said flights, in the authors opinion, have somewhat been obscured by the atmosphere conditions prevailing in the stratosphere, as well those of Ionosphere and due corrections of the data need to be made.

AN ANALYSIS AND SOME FINDINGS:
The brightness temperature and the source of its causative radiations have directly led to the break- up of water vapour, moist, misty cloud and haze molecules and the consequence was that there were no rains during those days. It’s a significant finding that the lunar dust, volcanic ash and the fine grain material of the Coronal Hole stream pumped into the terrestrial magnetosphere have resulted in such a catastrophic weather conditions in the coastal districts. The impact cloud lunar-dust raised by the Chandrayaana-1 first experiment definitely has prevailed over nine months and has added enormously to the terrestrial magnetosphere loading of particulate and meniscuses material. It’s reported that the abundance of iron, magnesium in pyroxene minerals, rocks, and lunar meteorites etc affirms the fine dust grains of magma and the volcanic ash of the moon contains variety of metallic elements, as evident from the colour tones from blue to red. Moon has a weak magnetic field.
The author feels that the fractal air-glow and auroras created by the Partial Solar eclipse allows the exploration of the space, right into the ionosphere regions of the terrestrial atmosphere. [see the references listed below].
DATEWISE REPORT:











Picture 1 is of longest solar eclipse at Chongqing , China on Wednesday 22nd July 2009 since 1814 year. From Chengdu in Sichuan province to the east coast the cities were in darkness during the total solar eclipse. Picture 2 on left is of partial solar eclipse at Kurnool, picture 3 is the partial solar eclipse at Visakhapatnam taken by Hindu, with a special filter that began at 7.17AM according to Hindu newspaper ended at 7.34AM. Most streets were deserted at 8.00AM due to fear of evil effects of Sun rays. Bottom picture 4 left shows the picture of total solar eclipse in Varanasi .Bottom right picture 5, at Delhi 83% maximum at 6.26AM. The sun rose at 6.05 hours soon after sun light there was complete darkness at 6.21 hours when sun was completely covered by moon shadow.
A women employee of a hospital, Mrs. Alivelu Mangamma Murthy, felt the unbearable heat of the after-effect of the partial solar eclipse that occurred on the 22nd July 2009. She observed that the heat of the sun persisted from 10 O’clock till to 5.30PM in the evening. Only Nepal Government declared the Solar Eclipse Day as a holiday.
In Bobili, Andhra Pradesh Prof. K.R.J. Srikanth, of an Engineering College, has nicely shot the pictures of the partial solar eclipse weather conditions and remarkably obtained the dimming of the Sun light, through the clouds and achieved perfection as a scientific observer. He has used a 2 Megapixels mobile camera for this purpose. [See the reference Article 1 given below with krj srikanth dt.23rd July 2009]
The report of the government that only 130 Mandals have received normal rain among the 1128 Mandals of the Andhra Pradesh, is because of the extended summer weather. The extended summer of Andhra Pradesh has been aggravated by the occurrence of the partial solar eclipse on 22nd July 2009 and resulted in another fortnight of very hot, dry and dazzling bright sunlit weather.
THURSDAY 23rd JULY 2009:
Three hours after the occurrence of partial solar eclipse on the 22nd July 2009 between 5:32 to 7:40AM the Sun has been felt very intense and hot during the entire day from almost 10:00 AM to late evening 5:30PM.There was no wind, blowing on that day, nor a single drop of rain. Surprisingly it drizzled the previous evening i.e. on the 21st July 2009.
It seems as per the spaceweather.com review the Entire Europe enjoyed the Night Lights of the polar region on the 21st and the 22nd July 2009 with splendid colour bright light display of Nocturnal clouds. This reveals the fact that visual observations have definitely been obtained over the heights of above 90kms.
On this day at 11.30AM the Mumbai coast felt the powerful slashing of the shore-line by the vibrant Arabian Sea waves. Many houses along the coast line got submerged. Of course, the Monsoon rains were in full furry at this season on the west coast of India as well in Orissa state.
FRIDAY 24th July 2009:
The sun shine continued to be very bright, with brilliance enhanced from the previous day, up to afternoon. From 11.10AM the clouds were interfered the sun shine. The white patchy clouds hovered at a height and the black clouds passing by gently from the North West corner to the east-south side were at the lower levels. At night the white clouds dominated the sky, since probably the dark clouds were not those much visible.
SATURDAY 25th JULY 2009:
The sun shine was not that one of warmth. But entire sky was uniformly homogeneously covered with a haze like appearance of the white clouds. It continued till the next morning and the moon couldn’t be sited in the clouds at 7.30PM before its setting on the western side. At evening at 5.00PM the sun couldn’t be seen except for a brilliant patch of hazy and diffuse light at its position.
SUNDAY 26th JULY 2009:
The sky somewhat cleared of the white patchy or the haze like appearance and blue sky was visible. The sun wasn’t that much intense and in the evening at 16:52 the weather became very pleasant and enjoyable for picnics and holiday Sunday visits. The first rain drops of 1mm size (captured on a stainless steel breakfast plate have drizzled interminantly at evening 17.07 of 26th July 2009.
Fig. 1 The first rain drops of 1mm size at evening 17.07 of 26th July 2009.
The Fig.2 below shows the Maximum and Minimum temperatures at various cities of Andhra Pradesh state in India with Series 1 & 2 for 22nd July 09, series 3 & 4 for 23rd July 09 and series 5 & 6 for 24th July 09 respectively.

Fig.2 shows the Maximum and Minimum temperatures at various cities of Andhra Pradesh state in India.
27th Aug to 31st July 2009: It was a dry spell and with no rain at all. The curves of 24th July 2009 were particularly striking indicating the drastic after-effects of the partial solar eclipse that occurred on 22nd July 2009 early morning. Cities of Kavali and Ongole seem to be geologically important towns.
1st August to 2nd August 2009:
Overcast sky with clouds and warm weather.
3rd August 2009: Warm weather. Moon web cam pictures in the night taken with blue, orange and green filters around 22:24 to 22:27. (Pictures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.)











4th August 2009:
Heavy rain from 5.00PM to 6.00PM in the evening. Sky overcast but throughout the day it was very warm.
5th August 2009:
Full Moon night with clear sky and the adjoining planet beautifully shinning in the sky. The day is very auspicious for Hindus since it is Sravana Pournima, when Brahmin Pundits and village Purohits ware new Yagnopaveetham (popular dubbed as a cross belt). Pictures web captured at 22:22 to 22:26 on the Full Moon night of 5th August 2009. (Pictures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)

















6th August 2009:
Early morning there was a nice shower of rain the day of lunar eclipse in the month of Sravan Pournima, with the Sravan star in Makara rasi. It began in the morning hours of Brahma kala, 4.37AM and ended at 7.49AM. The Sravana, Rohini, Hasta star birth people are advised to perform the remedial sacrifices.
However the lunar eclipse brought rain showers indicating that the earth has experienced a cool weather. The fortuitous solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse phenomenon within a few days, has definitely establishes the reversal weather conditions in the atmosphere. These kind of phenomenal cosmic events have also been so nicely noticed and recorded by the ancient astronomers and astrologers of India.
The day was very warm, but in the evening the dark clouds of black colour have engulfed the shinning moon in the sky. The pictures below shows the effect of the thick clouds, obviously somewhat water laden, but with only the first two orders of the visible spectrum. Without filters, the hazy mist-like but uniform and homogeneous white background of the sky could be easily spotted. The left spectral orders obstructed by my holding the web camera to shoot the pictures. Pictures were taken between 23:14 to 23:17 on the 6th August 2009 night.
The Hindu Newspaper gave a very exciting and significant picture of the Satellite weather record over Indian Peninsula region, that shows the brilliant white thick clouds from the China and Pacific regions moving over to the Eastern coast of India. The remarkable thing about this satellite picture of 5th August 2009 taken at 11.00AM depicts the part of segment moving adjoining the northern side of Himalayan ranges of mountains. The segment of these clouds was moving towards the Jammu & Kashmir region. But ground observations by the present author establishes the fact that the low lying clouds of Black colour are indicative of the dull, smog filled and noxious clouds of China moved over to the eastern coast of India. This is a finding of paramount importance since the existence of corridor of dust and grain movements to India has been explicitly stated and proved. The following photographs (pictures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) are a positive proof of this discovery.


















7th August 2009:
There was a sudden shower of rain at 11 O’clock AM and full shine within a few minutes. The morning to the mid day the wind was gently blowing as if to announce the onset of the cosmic event of lunar eclipse.
NOTE: The shower at 11 O’clock on 7th August 2009 and the one on the wee hours of 6th August 2009 have been observed to be a very special kind. The 10th standard girl students, Miss Praseeda and Miss Prathyusha, of a local talent K. K. G. High School, have observed that the showers resembled something like leaking water splashes from a hose pipe or a drainage pipe. The rain drops, were big almost the size of an inch or inch and half and the drops fell separated by almost 6” to one and half feet wide from each other mutually, in both the vertical and horizontal directions. Some rain drops were also a bit elongated one,s like thick needles.
8th August 2009:
Very warm sunny morning and dispersed cloud masses in the sky showing brilliant blue sky of the stratosphere.
A DISCUSSION:
The melting of ice in the clouds, upper troposphere ice crystals, graupel, mid-troposphere water vapour, non-local currents between troposphere and stratosphere exchange, and wave induced forces cause the scattering, varied absorptions which, result in emissions of different colours. Air-parcel movement, theorized earlier by the present author, in circulating convection wind up-streams, contributes at these levels of the atmosphere reproducing the spectacular air-glows and fractal auroras.
The colours of the sky were known as early as 1932 August 10th, when Dr. Piccard with Dr. Max Cosyns near Zurich, rose to the heights of 10.5 miles almost the stratosphere range in his balloons and remained there 12hours. They have established that humans can enter stratosphere and could survive. Soviets reached 62320feet (~12miles) on September 30th, 1933 and were practical cooked with inside temperature at 86 deg F while outside 88.6 deg F below zero. The stratonauts of Osoaviatkhim, a Russian craft balloon, fitted with broadcasting equipment and occupants, P. F. Fedoseyenko, A. B. Vassenko, and I. Usyskin crashed to death after reaching 13.636 miles (72000feet) in Jan 1934. One of them broadcasted while descending, a grave report that heavy moisture, ice-coated, and ice sticking on body in the stratzone and two other stratonauts in bad shape of life. On Armistices day of 1935 American stratonauts reached 14miles (74187feet) they flew with a batch of flies eggs that were exposed to cosmic radiation.
The above literature references are from the book on “Marvels of the Modern World” by G. Wheeler belonging to late Prof. K. Rangadhama Rao, establishes the observation of the colours of the sky, in a great scientific method of recording the upper atmosphere.
Results and Significant Findings:
I now find that the different fluid, cloud and other masses of the troposphere, stratosphere, also in the tropo-pause, thermo-pause, plasma-pause and as well in ionosphere layers, have all varied contributions to Brightness temperature. Undoubtedly the Lunar dust and the fine grain material conjoined with the streaming Coronal hole ejections (22nd July 2009) have loaded the terrestrial magnetosphere. Modern means of recording has enabled the author, to sort out the possible contributions, in the different sections of the magnetosphere that during the partial solar eclipse extended over 40 radii of earth, at the peak eclipse time, to about 10radii of earth, following the end of the eclipse. NASA observation of a hole in the magnetosphere needs to be further analysed in view of its orientation and position during the time of occurrence of the Total Solar eclipse on the 22nd July 2009.
The brightness temperature and the source of its causative radiations have directly led to the break- up of water vapour, moist, misty cloud and haze molecules and the consequence was that there were no rains during those days. It’s a significant finding that the lunar dust, volcanic ash and the fine grain material of the Coronal hole stream pumped into the terrestrial magnetosphere have resulted in such a catastrophic weather conditions in the coastal districts. The impact dust raised by the Chandrayaana-1 definitely has prevailed over nine months and has added enormously to the terrestrial magnetosphere loading of particulate and meniscuses material.
A travel to the place of Ranastalla (place of the astounding war in 250BC between Kalinga desh and Magdha empires that flooded local rivers Nagavalli and Vamsadhara, with blood of the slain people of more than a few lakhs) near Srikakulum has enabled the author to spot the aurora-airglow fractal light reflections and the refractions over the brightly lit clouds of the sky in the evening around 17.45 to 18.15PM on the 31st July 2009. It’s amazing that refraction of different colours upwards into the sky enabled to get a glimpse of the fine grained material.
This material below in the form of dark, smog-filled, noxious clouds has drifted off, according to me, from the regions of Pacific Islands, China and Japan to the Eastern coast of Srikakulum and Visakhapatnam. Hence the warm and no rain weather situation prevailed in this part of India.
It is known that the Antarctic air has dust free atmosphere, letting off 1.5 times as much heat as the Australian Bight atmosphere. The later atmosphere was full of dust.
Significant picture of the Satellite weather record over Indian Peninsula region taken on the 5th August 2009 that shows (The Hindu Newspaper) the brilliant white thick clouds from the China and Pacific regions moving over to the Eastern coast of India. But ground observations made, by the present author, establishes the fact that the low lying clouds of Black colour are indicative of the dull, smog filled and noxious clouds of China moved over to the eastern coast of India. This is a finding of paramount importance since the existence of corridor of dust and grain movements to India has been explicitly stated and proved.
It is astounding that even after a lapse of a fortnight the terrestrial magnetosphere, the ionosphere, the stratosphere and the troposphere particulate and fluid atmospheres, have not reeled over to pre-partial ecliptic weather conditions.
Even though the clouds have dwindled following the Full Moon night of 5th August 2009 the warm weather prevails over these districts. The lunar eclipse brought rain showers indicating that the earth has experienced a cool weather. The fortuitous solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse phenomenon within a few days, has definitely establishes the reversal weather conditions in the atmosphere, earlier so nicely noticed and recorded by the ancient astronomers and astrologers of India.
POST SCRIPT:
At visakhapatnam on the 11th August 2009 early morning there was an Earth tremor experienced by the author at 1:30AM with a big thud followed by a smaller thud within two seconds and the for a duration of 15 secs rumbbling and rolling shook earth. For the very first thud the trees at our residence vibrated vehemently so all the Crows rose up disturbed. Soon they settled off with calm and quitness. On the 6th August 2009 at The TTD Kalyana Mandapam there was in the evening of Lunar Eclipse of 6th August 2009, a shriking growl by the dogs at 6:30 PM that disturbed the readers of Newpapers in the District Libraby in the adjoing building.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I am deeply indebted to late Professor K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc. (London) for his enthusiasm and encouragement of my study on comet plasma and dust tails of Ikeya-Seki comet, photographed by me in Dasara vacation of year 1966, using the Nikon F wide angle camera (gifted by Dr.K.V.N.Rao, 1 old Billerica Street, Bedford, Mass, USA) in the year 1964 from the terrace of our house, Narasimha Ashram, official Colony ,Visakhapatnam.

The comet was seen at the angle 20 degrees away from East towards the Southern sky, at an altitude angle of 25-35 degrees from the terrace of Narasimha Ashram, 17-11-10, Official Colony, Maharanipeta. P. O, Visakhapatnam. Prof.KLN was on vacation from Shivaji University,Kolhapur-416004, as a Lecturer in Theoretical Physics. He joined that University on 1st June 1966. Blue tail part is the plasma tail. Dust tail was diffuse and separated from plasma tail but extending in width considerably. Paint picture depicts schematically the photo.
REFERENCES:
*Katni town is a marble city exporting Italian grade marble and has the potential of prospecting Bauxite, limestone,coal, Gold and other base materials. It has several educational institutions and Tilak PG College. The geographical centre of India Karaundi is in Katni District.
1. Wednesday, July 22, 2009
PARTIAL SOLAR ECLIPSE 22nd JULY 2009, SPETACULAR EFFECTS ON THE LAND, SEA AND SKY OF COASTAL ENVIRONMENT, VISAKHAPATNAM, NARASINGARAO BAY
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com Vol.2009, No.7, Dt.22nd July, 2009
2. Friday, August 8, 2008
The Fractal Aurora/Airglow Dance Observation during the Partial Solar Eclipse of 1st Aug 2008 at Visakhapatnam(India) Dated: 1st August 2008
by Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana
3 Sunday, February 17, 2008
Solar Eclipse 2008 sunspot 982 and Visakhapatnam
The Second and third week of February 2008 weather conditionsat Visakhapatnam by Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayanahttp://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com/
4. Monday, December 24, 2007
Moon and Mars Friendship मोतिओं
Moon and Mars Friendship Motion by Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,Dated:24th December 2007.Evening at 8:10PM post
5. Sunday, November 4, 2007
FINDING OF THE UNCERTAIN MATERIAL ON थ MOON
http://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.comPATENT & PROPRIETY RIGHTS RESERVED:FINDING OF THE UNCERTAIN MATERIAL ON THE MOON DURINGOBSERVATIONS MADE ON THE FULL MOON DAYS 25th/26th OCTOBER 2007BYKOTCHERLAKOTA LAKSHMI NARAYANA17-11-10, NARASIMHA ASHRAM, OFFICIAL COLONY, MAHARANIPETA.P.O, VISAKHAPATNAM-
6. The possibility of Topological Materials on the Lunar Surface.By Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,14th May 2008 : Time 8:00PM.IST http://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com/
7. Thursday, February 21, 2008 The Fourth Week of February 2008 Lunar Eclipse with Romantic Blue Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana http://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com/
8. Monday, February 4, 2008
Weather of Visakhapatnam during the Fourth week of Jan 2008 By Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana RESEARCH FORUM METTING HELD ON 3rd February 2008 of trusciencetrutechnology presentation by the author
9. Thursday, July 23, 2009
70th Birth Day Volume Year 2009 to 2010 of Prof Dr Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana http://trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com/
ARTICLE No.1 by krj srikanth dated 23rd July 2009

Wednesday, August 5, 2009

ARTICLE 3 A Geo-Topography study of mineral belt : trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com Vol 2009-2010 70th Birth Day Volume

ARTICLE : 3 :
A Geo-Topography study of mineral belt of Bojjannakonda region
{70th Birth Day of Prof.Dr.Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com
Vol 2009-2010, Dated: 5th August 2009,Time:19:05 }

A Geo-Topography study of mineral belt of Bojjannakonda region
(Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh)
by
Shri Tenneti Venkata Rao (Diploma in Mining Engineering, Govt.Mining Institute, Kotthagudem) C4 Chaitanya Apartments, 50-57-21/19, Rajendra Nagar, Dwaraka Nagar, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

ABSTRACT :

The author by way of his vast experience in Mining and related exploration, and analysis of rocks and soils has taken up the geotopography study of the belt of Bojjannakonda region, situated about 2 Km from the town of Anakapalli city, in Andhra Pradesh which yielded some significant features of this region. The site is of ancient heritage of both Hindus and later of Buddhists with some sedimentary rocks derived from pre-existing rocks. It’s found that they are mechanically formed as fragmental or clastic rocks of sandstone and clay rocks. The remains of organically formed limestone rocks and carbonaceous or coaly rocks have been identified in present study. Soft stone property that allowed the carving of innumerable stupas and a Palace of Fourteen pillared Buddhist Shrine with Pali script inscriptions, imposing Meditating Buddha, The Ashoka Pillar and The Ganesh figure has been surmised to identify the ancient prevalent culture and civilization of this region. The samples collected and examined of the pre-kondalite with a quartzite rich constituent showed garnets as significant. The naturally occurring Garnets led to the understanding of the bedded or layered arrangements of outcrop and protuberance.
Keywords: rocks, garnets, Ganesh figure, pre-kondalite,Ashoka Pillar,Lingalagutta, Anakapalli,Almandine, Molten material, Earth's core, quarzite rich,Buddha Figure, Pali script

Introduction:

Sedimentary rocks derived from pre-existing rocks were deposited in beds or layers in this region. The aqueous rocks that were laid down in water are found to be an important feature of the Bojjannakonda region. The ancient Sarada River that flows even to-date has changed its course, may be several times with geological formations. The sandstone rocks are also known as Arenaciuos while the clay rocks as argillaceous rocks. The possible existence of Calcareous i.e. limestone rocks and the Coaly or Carbonaceous rocks in this region is evident.
Two agencies were found that brought the consolidation of loose sediments into soft rocks. Firstly due to pressure, may be thousands of centimeters thick layers. The deeper layers get greatly heated, compressed and hardened with internal flows of liquid/viscous fluids. This allowed the clay rocks and the particles to get welded inseparably. Next agency has been identified as the deposition of the cementing material into the existing material by percolation and by growth of new materials that used the decomposed components of the prevalent material.
The place was situated about 40Km from the Mega city of Visakhapatnam, that has been attracting many a foreign tourists. Recently a team of students from US went on an educational trip to the Buddhist site and as well the nearby Lingalgutta. The word gutta in Telugu language stands for a small hillock that is constituted by protruding rock boulders and blackish grey huge stones. The team explored the surroundings. The caretaker informed that many a Buddhists from Japan, Nepal, China and neighboring countries visited the region but it seems the Heritage site of the Globe has only received meager donations to upkeep and develop the region and its scenarist beauty.

OBSERVATIONS:

The study indicated that the molten material flowed from Earth’s core, that dependent on the chemical composition of the then existing soil of this region underwent chemical reactions. This generated the different kinds of minerals. The North-South direction of the flow of these mineral materials led to the present day appearance of the Hillocks. The significant observation is that the different strata of the hillock formations clearly exhibited the clay content. The primary indications for my observations are the Garnets and the Lead content of the different strata of the layered formations.

The presence of pebbles and clay material with embedded Garnets has been a very illuminating aspect of the lava flow cooling that happened millions of years ago. But much more study needs to be made to ascertain the impact of vapors that emanated from cooling of lava flows, on the river bed, to get details of the Geo-Topographical features of the Bojjannakonda and Lingalagutta region.

RESULTS:






The picture depicts the photographs of the five different samples.Please see the post script below.

Five important samples have been selected for the present study and results obtained are detailed below as findings.
Sample 1:
It is formed from Red Soil under pressure as a compact material. The color implied presence of some iron oxide.
Sample 2:
This is white Clay material, formed as a solid state stone like substance. The White Part of it implies change to Calcite Chips due to pressure and chemical changes. Aluminum content as Al 3+ is significant.
Sample 3:
It is Red Soil by pressure and it has been compacted. Due to lava intrusions the color was changed to brownish black and in it some pebbles were changed to Garnets. The garnets are isometric mineral and thus isotropic in thin section. These also were found to exist as neo-silicates based on SiO4 structural unit. Almandine Fe3 Al 2 (Si3 O 12) has been found to be present that has usually deep red to brownish black color and i.e. pink in thin sections. The Fe-rich garnet i.e. the almandine being the most common garnet of this region has been found present in aluminous schists.
Sample 4:
It is a Silicon dioxide bed sample, which has hardened due to pressure and has presence of several pebbles.
Garnets general formula is A3 B 2 (Si3O12) where the A-sites are cubic sites containing large divalent cations such as Ca, Fe, Mg or Mn and B-sites occupied by smaller trivalent ions such as Al3+ and Fe 3+ .

Sample 5:
It showed the existence of quartzite particulate matter, which formed string layers.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
The author is thankful to late Radhakrishna, Asst. Director of Mines and Geology, Visakhaptnam for introducing him to Gemology. He is also thankful to Dr.K.Lakshmi Narayana,(Retd) Professor of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur for guidance on this project.
Post script
For the details and identification of the five different samples shown here, contact may be made to the author of the article, at his corresponding address in Visakhapatnam.