Sunday, June 30, 2019

Jan. 16, 2019: French woman finds path to healing by Yoga in Odisha's Balasore, dust environment reflected reddish-orange glow, 30 crores a grant to aided Sanskrit schools, There were 41,500 lightning strikes off the coast of Kent towards North East France last night, 600 million people in India at risk, NE states sweltering under heat.

trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com 
           Volume 2019, Issue No.6a, Dated: June 16, 2019, Time: 07:32:40 AM  
           
June 16, 2019: Dust environment and reddish-orange glow,  Solar cell efficiency enhancement using magnetic field, the dust environment scattered light, indeed reflected the reddish-orange glow, Extremely slow moving the Niruthi showers exceeded over the last 12 years, The Dangerous Methane Mystery in Climate Change, There were 41,500 lightning strikes off the coast of Kent towards North East France last night, Himalayan glaciers getting smaller every year, 600 million people at risk: Climate change may soon turn critical in India, Hottest day recorded in France as deadly heatwave roasts Europe. With France, Spain, Italy and parts of central Europe particularly badly hit by the high temperatures, Visakhapatnam was also very hot on this day.

           Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
M.Sc. (Math. Phys.), M.Sc. (Nucl. Phys.), Ph. D. (AU), Int. Edu & Res. (Sweden 1964-65) 
     While returning from Sweden, spent a few days in England, Paris, Egypt and etc. countries, 
    Visited USA about 12 Universities, several National Laboratories and Institutes for four months. 
Sept.to December 1988. and in 1989 visited Japan for about
10 days, and South Korea Conf. in Physics for a week in 1989.
 [Retd. Prof of Physics; Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004]
Residential Address: 17- 11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony,
      Maharanipeta.  P. O., Visakhapatnam-530002, A.P. Mobile: 09491902867.
       kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com; DOB:23-07-1940.
     lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com
.
ABSTRACT
This light that has fallen on the Moon directly from Sun has subdued when looked from the Earth, due to the dust environment. The scattered light indeed reflected the reddish-orange glow. Hyderabad improves solar cell efficiency using magnetic field,  It is also not unusual for the islands to witness more than 2-3 earthquakes a day. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been shaken up by frequent earthquakes in the past one month, French woman finds path to healing by Yoga in Odisha's Balasore,  The Uttar Pradesh government in February gave a major boost to the language by allocating Rs. 242 crores for grants to Sanskrit Pathshalas in the state. Another 30 crores have been allotted to provide a grant to aided Sanskrit schools and degree colleges, Extremely slow moving the Niruthi showers exceeded over the last 12 years, The Dangerous Methane Mystery in Climate Change, There were 41,500 lightning strikes off the coast of Kent towards North East France last night, Himalayan glaciers getting smaller every year. New Delhi: Himalayan glaciers across India, China, Nepal and Bhutan have been losing the equivalent of more than a vertical foot and half of ice each year since 2000. The analysis, spanning 40 years of satellite observations, indicates that melting of the Himalayan glaciers caused by rising temperatures has accelerated dramatically since the start of the 21st century, almost double the amount of melting that took place from 1975 to 2000, Southeast Asia’s First 5G Internet for Homes Is in Philippines, 10 killed in lightning, thunderstorm & rain in Bihar, BSNL engineers to PM Modi: Take measures to revive firm, reward performers,  Rural India students get cracking at coding early in life. This year, 14 Indian students made it to the event to showcase their advanced-tech marvels as apps, games and more, Rural India students get cracking at coding early in life, 600 million people at risk: Climate change may soon turn critical in India. Climate change is likely to make rainfall erratic, lead to rising seas and make extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods and heat waves-like the one currently sweeping large parts of India, Monsoon finally arrives in Mumbai, covers entire Maharashtra, The unusually shaped Alice, which can seat up to nine passengers, is powered by a lithium-ion battery which can enable flight for 650miles at 10,000ft and 276mph on a single charge.  Its flight will be powered by three propellers on the wingtips and rear fuselage, Madhya Pradesh To Give 55 Litres Of Water Each To Residents But The Crisis Is Deeper Than One Can Imagine, Several parts of country receive light showers on Thursday. Several parts of the country received light showers on Thursday, but some northern states' continue to reel under the sweltering heat,Jun 28, 2019: 19:22 IST: Hottest day recorded in France as deadly heatwave roasts Europe. With France, Spain, Italy and parts of central Europe particularly badly hit by the high temperatures, Visakhapatnam was also very hot on this day Jun.,28, 2019: France registered an all-time high of 45.9C (114.6F) on Friday, A team of researchers made a high-resolution map showing that the burst originated in the outskirts of a Milky Way-sized galaxy about 3.6 billion light-years away.

DETAILS
Today morning was very cloudy with, of course, no air flow. 
16 Jun. 2019: NIT Rourkela Odisha, scientists found that Marine bacteria strain (Citrobacter) isolated from Digha and Shanarpur  waters at seashore of West Bengal,  can produce ethanol directly from fruit waste. 
16 June 2019:  A 7.4 magnitude quake jolts NZ.the earthquake hit a spot about 873 km (541 miles) northeast of Ngunguru, New Zealand, a town of about 1,400 people. It occurred at a depth of 10 km (6 miles). The area the quake struck is called the Kermadec Islands, about 800 km (497 miles) northeast of New Zealand's North Island.
16 Jun. 2019: Novel selenium-graphene catalyst provides a cheap and effective alternate to platinum for use in fuel cells and may be used in metal-air battery.

16 Jun. 2019: Greenland lost over 2bn tonnes of ice in unusal melting in a day on June 13, which is compatible with some spikes seen seven years ago. This may be due to a dry and cold winter. 
June 16, 2019: 4:28 PM: Effect of Cyclone Vayu to give rain in Jabalpur, Mandla, Gwalior, Morena and Burhanpur.
Jun. 16, 2019: Rain in Delhi brings relief from scorching heat. Light rainfall on Sunday brought respite from scorching heat in Delhi, with the minimum temperature recorded at 28.2C. According to the latest weather report, pre-Monsoon showers in Delhi will continue till June 19.

16/15  Jun. 2019: The Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada skies were in the evening around 6.15PM, looked very reddish-orange and I found the moon was partly covered by haze like dust around 8.30PM, and its intensity has fallen down by about 60%.  This light that has fallen on the Moon directly from Sun has subdued when looked from the Earth, due to the dust environment. The scattered light indeed reflected the reddish-orange glow. 
16 Jun. 2019: It rained heavily from 8.30PM to late night and cooled the city. 
Cassini's Ring discoveries.


Fig.1 Cassini's Ring discoveries.

16 Jun. 2019:  Severe heatwave next 48 hours in Andhra Pradesh. Bapatla: 42C; Kakinada 41.1; Kavali 43C; Machillipatnam 42.3C; Narsapuram 40.7C; Vijayawada 41.5C; Nellore 42.7C;  J'mpuram 43.2C. Tanguture 45.6C; and Shivakodu 45.57C; 

17  Jun. 2019: Visakhapatnam also having the hot winds around 1PM afternoon.


Jun 17, 2019: 6:30 PM IIT: Hyderabad improves solar cell efficiency using magnetic field. Hyderabad: Researchers at IIT Hyderabad have developed a novel process to improve the performance of third generation solar cells using magnetic field. Working with dye sensitised solar cells (DSSC), they have shown that the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) in the anode can enhance light-to-power conversion efficiencies.

June 18, 2019, 12:37 [IST]: Beijing, June 18: At least 12 people were killed and over 132 injured after China's southwest Sichuan province was hit by two strong earthquakes, the state media reported Tuesday. The first 6.0 magnitude quake shook Changing County of Yibin City at 10:55 PM on Monday (local time) and according to the China Earthquake Centre (CENC), the second tremor of magnitude 5.3 hit the area on Tuesday morning.

18 Jun. 2019: It is also not unusual for the islands to witness more than 2-3 earthquakes a day. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been shaken up by frequent earthquakes in the past one month. An earthquake of 4.9 magnitude hit the Andaman Islands this morning at around 3:49 am. However, no casualties have been reported yet. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been shaken up by frequent earthquakes in the past one month. On May 26, 2019, two medium-intensity earthquakes measuring 5.0 and 4.8 on the Richter scale had struck the Islands' region.

SATURN NEAR MOON 


Fig.2 Saturn near Moon 18/19 Jun. 2019.
18 June 2019: Powerful quake jolts Japan, tsunami warning issued. :TOKYO: A powerful earthquake jolted northwestern Japan on Tuesday night, and officials warned of a tsunami up to one meter (3.3 feet) high along parts of the coast. Japan's Meteorological Agency said the quake registered magnitude 6.8 and was located off the western coast of Yamagata about 50 km (30 miles) southwest of the city of Sakata. It said the quake was fairly shallow, about 10 km (6 miles) below the sea's surface. Shallow quakes tend to cause more damage on the Earth's surface. The agency predicted a tsunami as high as 1 meter (yard) along the coast of the northwestern prefectures of Yamagata, Niigata and Ishikawa.
June 19, 2019: Uttar Pradesh government to release CM’s speech and press releases in Sanskrit. To translate the Chief Minister’s speech, the department has decided to enlist the help of Lucknow based Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan. The Uttar Pradesh government in February gave a major boost to the language by allocating Rs. 242 crores for grants to Sanskrit Pathshalas in the state. Another 30 crores have been allotted to provide a grant to aided Sanskrit schools and degree colleges.
Jun 19, 2019; 12:38 IST: Two Earth-like planets discovered around dwarf star. The observations showed that two planets are orbiting the red dwarf star, both of them similar to the planets in the inner part of the Solar System. The planets are located only 12.5 light years away orbiting the Teegarden star - a red dwarf in the direction of the constellation of Aries. They are just a little bigger than the Earth and are situated in the ‘habitable zone’ where water can exist as a liquid.
19 Jun. 2019: French woman finds path to healing by Yoga in Odisha's Balasore.The sky came falling down on Jaya Tedone in 2013 when she was afflicted by a severe bout of malaria and left paralysed by its complications. Six years on, she is not only back on her feet leading a normal life but also has emerged a more evolved person with focus, clarity and peace in body, mind and soul. All this has been possible due to yoga. “Yoga saved my life. Not only that, it has made me a better person both physically and mentally
19 Jun. 2019: Worsening trade with India hurts California almond growers: US Senator slams Trump. California Senator Dianne Feinstein claimed that almond export is being badly hit by retaliatory tariffs from India.
19 Jun. 2019: New Delhi: Extremely slow moving the Niruthi showers exceeded over the last 12 years and by 25 Maharashtra it might spread, and at the end of this month they would move to the entire north, southern and eastern parts of India. 
June 19, 2019: Earlier on Wednesday, panic gripped the people after a mild earthquake was felt in several parts of western Odisha. The mild tremor was felt in Sambalpur, Deogarh, and Jharsuguda districts and a few other places in the western region in the evening about 5.48 pm.
June 20, 2019: 8:58 [IST] Thursday : Earthquake of magnitude 4.8 struck Maharashtra's Satara 7:48AM.  The quake originated at a 17.3 N Latitude, 73.9 E Longitude.
June 20, 2019: 19:48 IST: Yoga postures light up UN Headquarters ahead of International Yoga Day. The North Façade of UN Secretariat building was awash with 'Surya Namaskar' postures.  On a foggy and rainy evening on Wednesday, yoga postures were projected on the North Façade of the UN Headquarters Building.
June 20, 2019: The Dangerous Methane Mystery in Climate Change. The East Siberian Arctic Shelf (“ESAS”) is the epicentre of a methane-rich zone that could turn the world upside down. Horror of horrors, the resulting equation is disturbing, to say the least, to wit: Twice the amount of CH4 that is already in the atmosphere equals a CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) of 560 ppm, assuming CH4 is 150xs the potency of CO2 in its initial years. And, adding that new number to current CH4/CO2e of 280 ppm to current CO2 levels of 415.7 ppm, according to readings at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, equals total atmospheric CO2 of 1256 ppm.
19 June, 2019: Town hit by 1,000 lightning strikes. Torrential rain and thunderstorms lashed parts of Britain overnight as severe weather continues to cause chaos. Homes were left without power and roads were flooded in parts of the South East, while the Kent village of Lenham saw 1.65in (42mm) of rain in the space of just one hour between 11pm and midnight last night. Eastbourne in East Sussex saw about 1,000 lightning strikes in an hour. Britain faces more thunderstorms tonight after tens of thousands of lightning strikes hit overnight and torrential rain continues to lash parts of the country. There were 41,500 lightning strikes off the coast of Kent towards North East France last night - including both cloud-to-surface and cloud-to-cloud - while there were 358 strikes that struck land on the county. I've not seen a storm like last nights in the UK before. 'I stayed from about 11pm to 1.30am with sheet lightning and fork lightning chasing across the sky. The roof of a bungalow was completely blown off after a TV aerial was struck by lightning. The bungalow has been left completely without a roof or ceilings and the family have been able to salvage very little. 
21 June 2019:  About 427 Tourists, Who Were Stranded In North Sikkim After Cloudburst, Evacuated four days after they got stranded in the district as torrential rain damaged road infrastructure, to reach the state capital Gangtok, North Sikkim. 
21 June 2019: 9:57AM: Thunderstorm and lightning alert for Bihar, Jharkhand.
21 June 2019: 09:28 AM: Heat wave kills over 100 in Bihar, Aurangabad, Gaya worst affected districts. At 58, Aurangabad has reported the highest number of casualties, followed by Gaya (39) and Nawada (14), Bihar's state’s disaster management department said.
June 21, 2019: Himalayan glaciers getting smaller every year. New Delhi: Himalayan glaciers across India, China, Nepal and Bhutan have been losing the equivalent of more than a vertical foot and half of ice each year since 2000. The analysis, spanning 40 years of satellite observations, indicates that melting of the Himalayan glaciers caused by rising temperatures has accelerated dramatically since the start of the 21st century, almost double the amount of melting that took place from 1975 to 2000.

21 June, 2019: During Summer Solstice, the length of the day can vary between 9 hours and 14 hours in Africa. In the Middle East, the length of the day will be equivalent to 14 hours. The length of the day, in the Americas, can be shortest at 9 hours and longest at 21 hours. In India, the length of the day could be around 14 hours on Summer Solstice.
Jun 21, 2019: 13:43 PM IST:PM Narendra Modi wins British Herald reader’s poll for world’s most powerful person 2019: PM Modi won the Reader's poll with 30.9% of the vote. The poll, which was conducted by British Herald, closed on Saturday midnight.
June 21, 2019: In thirsty Ranchi, stabbings, fights break out over water.Scuffles during summers are not so uncommon in the state capital with each person desperate to hoard maximum water whenever a tanker arrives in their colony. Various other areas including Harmu Housing Colony, Hindpiri, Piska Mor, Morabadi, Kanke also reel under water shortage every year. The water crisis in Ranchi, Jharkhand is divided in two parts: ground water depletion and the lack of water supply to the tail end through surface reservoirs.
June 21 2019: 8:25 AM: Southeast Asia’s First 5G Internet for Homes Is in Philippines. 

Jun 23, 2019: 17:40 IST: 10 killed in lightning, thunderstorm & rain in Bihar.
23 June 2019: 06:38 PM:  BSNL engineers to PM Modi: Take measures to revive firm, reward performers. The association also stressed on a performance-based mechanism for BSNL employees so that good performers can be rewarded and non-performers be made accountable. We firmly believe that with minimum basic support from the government to do away with the current liquidity crunch, BSNL can once again enter into the league of profit-making companies.

June 23, 2019: 14:12 IST:
 Fig.3   Flying taxis in 2024 Paris Olympics
France to introduce ‘flying taxis’ in 2024 Paris Olympics.
June 23, 2019: 12:51 PM: Rural India students get cracking at coding early in life. This year, 14 Indian students made it to the event to showcase their advanced-tech marvels as apps, games and more. 
Jun 23, 2019: 14:46 IST: Woman journalist shot, eggs thrown at her car in Delhi. The incident occurred at 12.30 a.m. when Mitali Chandola was driving her Hyundai i20 car when the attackers in another car intercepted her and fired two shots aiming to kill her. She is now said to be in a stable condition.
24 June, 2019: 10:04 AM: 7.7-magnitude quake jolts Indonesia, no tsunami alert issued. The quake struck at 9.53 a.m. with the epicentre at 245 km northeast of Maluku Baratdaya and the depth at 231 km under sea bed. The strong temblor came hours after a 6.1-magnitude earthquake hit Papua, also in the eastern part of the Southeast Asian archipelago. That quake hit about 240 km (150 miles) west of the town of Abepura in Papua province, at a relatively shallow depth of 21 km.
24 June, 2019: Lakes dry up, groundwater depletes: Drought scare in half of India. But the weather system’s poor intensity has stoked a severe water crisis in many states, as half the country, especially states such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, battle a drought-like situation. Water levels in 91 nationally monitored basins and reservoirs — critical for farming, power generation and drinking — is currently less than the corresponding period of last year. There may be a brief lull in monsoon progression around June 27 but on July 1 we are expecting a low-pressure area over the Bay of Bengal, which will help monsoon progress. Farmers have been able to sow 9.06 million hectares so far, down 12% from last year’s.
June 24, 2019 07:03 IST: 600 million people at risk: Climate change may soon turn critical in India. Climate change is likely to make rainfall erratic, lead to rising seas and make extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods and heat waves-like the one currently sweeping large parts of India. At Krishna river Priests are performing a worship using several pots of sacred water. [Refer pic 5 listed below].

 Fig.4 The Saturn Rings.
It is now understood that some of the Saturn rings are Dust Circles and prompts more research to gauge the patterns. 
 Fig.5 The praying for rains by priests at Krishna River. 
Fig.6 A hand-cart puller taking his children to school.
The awareness of school studies as important for children's progress in life.
25/06/2019: Nirmala Seetharaman among 100 most influential in UK power list.
25/06/2019: Monsoon finally arrives in Mumbai, covers entire Maharashtra.
25/06/2019: The 'world's first' electric plane that can travel 650 miles on battery power alone. Israeli aircraft manufacturer unveiled Alice; the ‘world’s first’ fully electric commercial airplane. The unusually shaped Alice, which can seat up to nine passengers, is powered by a lithium-ion battery which can enable flight for 650miles at 10,000ft and 276mph on a single charge.  Its flight will be powered by three propellers on the wingtips and rear fuselage.
Jun 25, 2019: 7:24 pm IST: 6.6 magnitude quake rattles Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula. The quake hit at a depth of 33 km, with an epicentre located about 113 km east of Ust'-Kamchatsk district.
Jun 26, 2019: 10:18 IST:'Lightnings cause more deaths than any other disaster in NE'.  The region experiencing more days of lightning than anywhere else in the country,  The region accounts for almost one-third of the lightning deaths. 
26 June 2019: 13:41 IST: Cyanide compounds found in meteorites may hold clues to origin of Life: NASA. Scientists, including those from NASA, have discovered compounds containing iron, cyanide, and carbon monoxide in carbon-rich meteorites, that may have helped power life on early Earth.
26 June 2019: The extra-terrestrial compounds found in meteorites resemble the active site of hydrogenases, which are enzymes that provide energy to bacteria and archaea by breaking down hydrogen gas (H2),
Jun 26, 2019: 8:37 PM (IST): Nearly 200 Kailash Mansarovar pilgrims stuck in Nepal’s Humla. Claim mismanagement by tour operators. Every year, hundreds of Indians undertake the ‘yatra’ which involves trekking under inhospitable conditions. Holding significance for Hindus as the abode of Lord Shiva, it holds religious importance also for the Jains and the Buddhists.

June 26, 2019: 20:29 [IST]: Western Panama hit by 6.3 magnitude earthquake. The US Geological Survey said the quake hit 23 minutes after midnight local time (0523 GMT) and was centered on the nation's western coast just north of La Esperanza at a depth of 10 km (6.2 miles).
June 27, 2019: 'Make in India' air-to-air missiles: Bengaluru-based manufacturer celebrates milestone, with European defence company MBDA. ASRAAM and MICA are air-to-air missiles that meet the most demanding operational requirements and have been selected by the Indian Air Force.
Jun 27, 2019: 11:43 IST: Madhya Pradesh To Give 55 Litres Of Water Each To Residents But The Crisis Is Deeper Than One Can Imagine.  Out of the 52 districts, around 40 districts have been under acute water crisis and are depending on the water supply reservoirs including the state capital.
27 Friday June, 2019: Out-of-control wild fire in Palma d'Ebre near Tarragone,  sparks panic in Spain amid heatwave. Schools in Frnce closed due to 40C above causing build-up of pollution in France, Spain and Greece. Europe is on alert.
Jun 28, 2019: 7:11AM: Several parts of country receive light showers on Thursday. Several parts of the country received light showers on Thursday, but some northern states' continue to reel under the sweltering heat. In the National Capital, it was a hot and humid day, with the mercury settling at 41.1C. The weatherman has predicted similar conditions for another two to three days. In Uttar Pradesh, Banda was the hottest place with a high of 43.8C. Rajasthan received light to moderate rains, which brought respite from scorching heat wave conditions. Light rainfall also occurred at few places in Himachal Pradesh where Una registered the highest temperature in the state at 40C.
June 28, 2019: 07:55 IST: Weather Satellite, Radar Detect Car-Size Asteroid Exploding In Atmosphere. The GOES-16 weather satellite is designed to detect flashes of lightning. On Saturday, it saw an asteroid. At 4:25 p.m. Saturday afternoon, meteorologists noticed an unusually bright flash signature over the Caribbean waters 170 miles south of Puerto Rico. Its light was visible in an area as large as Rhode Island - far too big to be a lightning strike.
Jun 28, 2019: 19:22 IST: Hottest day recorded in France as deadly heatwave roasts Europe. With France, Spain, Italy and parts of central Europe particularly badly hit by the high temperatures, officials urged people to take common sense precautions -- complaining that this was not always the case. The record temperature of 44.3C (111.7F) was recorded in France’s southeastern town of Carpentras.With France, Spain (Two Die From Heat Stroke In Spain), Italy and parts of central Europe particularly badly hit by the high temperatures. Paris bans up to 60% of its cars as heatwave worsens pollution.
June 28, 2019: Visakhapatnam was very hot, and with no wind flow till evening 8PM it continued to be very suffocating. 

28 June 2019: Lightning kills 14 in Jharkhand on Thursday in different parts. In an average every year 130 people are struck by lightning. About 1568 people died due to lightning during the last nine years. Rs. 4 lakh compensation given for each victims families.
28 June 2019: Hot air blowing from North from Africa was blamed as villages of Gallargues-le-Montueux in the southern part of France registered an all-time high of 45.9C (114.6F) on Friday, that caused several deaths.  Bulgaria, Portugal, Italy, Spain, Greece and North Macedonia recorded above 45C. Heat related deaths reported in Italy, France and Germany mainly among the elders. 

June 28, 2019: Sri Lanka issues severe heat wave warning.
June 29, 2019: Pune: 15 killed as housing society wall collapses on adjacent slums amid heavy rain.

29 June, 2019: A Dutch start-up has unveiled what it claims is the world's first long-range solar car. The company says said the Lightyear One car has a range of 450 miles on a single charge. Its bonnet and roof are comprised of solar cells and also has a battery which can be electrically charged.
June 30, 2019: 09:01 IST: The World Meteorological Organization said this week that 2019 was on track to be among the world's hottest years, and 2015-2019 would then be the hottest five-year period on record. 
June 30, 2019: There was intermittent rain in Visakhapatnam, but not a big shower. 
30 June, 2019: Delhi and its surrounding states have been experiencing a heat wave for two months now. On Saturday, weather department officials claimed that the onset of monsoon is going to be delayed from the usual date of June 29. We do not expect the monsoon to make any progress over northeast India in the next two days. 
June 30, 2019: 19:59 IST: Astronomers discover precise location of cosmic radio waves. Australian scientists determined the location of one-off burst of cosmic radio waves. A team of researchers made a high-resolution map showing that the burst originated in the outskirts of a Milky Way-sized galaxy about 3.6 billion light-years away. From these tiny time differences—just a fraction of a billionth of a second—we identified the burst's home galaxy and even its exact starting point, 13,000 light-years out from the galaxy's centre in the galactic suburbs. 
Acknowledgment
















                         The author, Professor Dr. K. Lakshmi Narayana is indebted to Late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London) for his guidance and inspiration to present these articles on my website. He is grateful to his mother Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Rao for her sustained interest in my ventures.