Monday, September 27, 2010

trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com

Volume 2010, Issue No.9, dt.24th September 2010 Time: 5:17:10 PM


Jupiter and Moon proximity scenario at Visakhapatnam Sky during 22nd to 24th September 2010 an Astronomy study and the weather pattern.
by
Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
{Retd.Prof.of Physics, SU} 17-11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta.P.O. Visakhapatnam-53002. Cell: 9491902867 BSNL


ABSTRACT:


The Moon spectrum in different cloud environments and under the Great Red spot reflections of the Jupiter luminescence has been studied by histograms with image processing technique. Several digital images of the proximity of Moon and Jupiter have been obtained at several distinct time intervals with the object of curvature modifications of the Earth. The typical Orion Constellation images of the bright stars have been recorded with the aim of knowing how much the cloud weather would mask the visibility of its stars. The known brightness magnitudes of these stars and their RA and DEC values have been found as a good feature that has been studied to assess the visible radiations from them. The typical pixel distances among these stars and as well between the Moon and the Jupiter planet have been obtained which constitutes valuable information from the Astronomy study point of view. The 19th to 23rd September 2010 weather in Andhra Pradesh was one of an interaction with the dust raise and interlude with the affects of prevailing weather conditions and the North east Monsoon.

keywords: weather at Visakhaptanm, Astronomy September 2010 , Hunter Constellation, dust rise and interaction,North Monsoon India, Great Red Spot Jupiter,Jupiter luminescence,Image processing, Histograms, Moon spectrum

Images of 22nd September 2010:



Fig1 depicts the bright Venus planet and its surrounding stars at 18h37m on the 22nd September 2010.












Fig 2 gives the Jupiter at 21h18m just above our residence Narasimha Ashram. The black clouds have occasionally allowed the glimpse of the bright Jupiter. The mobile camera images of 2MP Nokia Cell phone has shown the alternately glittering the great red spot colour of the Jupiter and surprisingly a blue colour.



Fig 3 gives the spectrum on 22nd September 2010 of the Moon at 18h40m of img_1636 shows the shinning yellow colour on both the 1st order right and left spectra even though the image is somewhat smeared.

Fig 4 brings out the features of the famous triangle of the Visakhapatnam sky which is a marvel for anyone to observe it. There are several stars around this triangle image captured due to fine and clear weather.




Images of 23rd September 2010:















Fig 5 depicts the jewel like Moon in clouds with the red diffraction ring around it about one Moon diameter away from the outer periphery. Jupiter is sharp in spite of the clouds. The spectra of Moon in 1st and 2nd order obtained with 16x magnification of the digital camera at 02h28m on 23rd Sept 2010.The weather scenario changed and at 02h28m the other image No.1653 KLN depicts the blob like Jupiter while at 02h27m the moon and Jupiter with no magnification of the Digital camera employed shows the proximity of Jupiter to the Moon.











Fig 6th of 23rd at 02h27m shows several orders of the Moon spectrum.











Fig 7 of 23rd at 02h28m has the two orders of the spectrum vividly displayed.














Fig 8 shows the fine blob of the Jupiter appearance to 16x magnification and the haze of the sky.











Fig 9 of 23rd Sept 2010 at 02h32m
with 16x magnification has the Jupiter with no blob of light around it but has exhibited clearly the two orders of the spectra very nicely.














Fig 10 of 23rd Sept 2010 at 02h33m has the Jupiter slightly enlarged due to the clouds diffraction.

























Fig 11 depicts the 800x paint picture of the Jupiter on 23rd Sept 2010 at 19h30m with its giant red spot as quite splendidly in the IMG_1658 KLN. Another image No.1657 KLN shows the Red giant spot with certain infusion of new material in to the storm. The two orders of the spectrum of Moon on 23rd September 2010 at 19h32m is one of typical Moon Shine and red and orange prominence the present author concludes as due to the Giant Red spot of the Jupiter planet. The Jupiter as a blob in a magnified version is also shown.
































Fig 12 of 23rd September 2010 at 19h31m has the Jupiter almost in line horizontal with the Moon on the Eastern sky of Visakhapatnam. Note the IMG_1659 is obtained with the grating element oriented in such a way that the straight line Jupiter is clearly obtained along with the two orders of spectrum of the Moon.


























Fig 13 of 23rd September 2010 of the Moon is a typical Jewel like appetence in the clouds with the necklace of red coloured ring of ornament decorating it. Due to the cloudy weather the Jupiter is somewhat faint at 01h02m of 23rd Sept 2010.


























Fig 14 of 23rd September 2010 gives the Histograms of the Left and Right 1st order spectra of the Moon obtained at 22h15m. The colour base employed all the 255 colours obtainable in the RGB images of image processing procedures.
























Fig 15 depicts the Histograms of the 1st order spectra of the Left and Right sides obtained on 23rd September 2010 at 22h14m captured in the IMG_1669 KLN.





Fig 16 is another view of the Moon and the slightly displaced Jupiter blob at 19h35m in IMG_1662KLN on 23rd September 2010.








Images of 24th September 2010 Morning:












The Fig 1 of 24th September 2010 at 03h55m has the Hunter head clearly seen with his belt of three stars.







Fig 2 of 24th September 2010 at 01h09m has the Moon with a red ring of shine around it the first indication of the affect of Giant Red spot of the Jupiter on the Moon surface. The cloud necklace like of the red colour is somewhat away and the two red rings are vividly found out and captured by the present author in the IMG_1671KLN. The shinning Jupiter as a bright blue spot is very significant in the sense that the present author in his Mobile Cell Camera Nokia of 2MP observed several times the alternate Red and Blue appearance of the Jupiter. A confirmation of it has been obtained in this IMG_1671 with the Canon Digital camera.



Fig 3 of 24th Sept 2010 at 03h59m in the IMG_1680KLN has spectra smeared due to the clouds. A histogram study of these has been made by the present author.


Fig 4 shows the cloud covered Moon and the spectra of only 1st order on the right side as clearly visible. The red necklace ring around the Moon is almost two moon diameters away at 03h54m on 24th September 2010.




Fig 5 of 24th September 2010 shows multiple necklace rings of the Moon due to cloud formations around it at 01h13m in the IMG_1674KLN.






The Fig 6 of 24th September 2010 at 01h10m has yielded rich dividends of the present Astronomy Study by the author. The Moon has a central Yellowish orange appearance and is surrounded by the blue and red necklaces formations. The slight red hue of the Moon’s surface is only noticeable with a sharp eye of study.



Fig 7 has the necklace formations of the red and blue rings around the Moon dispersed among the clustered clouds of the Visakhapatnam Sky. Jupiter is visible vividly.






Fig 8 of 24th September 2010 has the Hunter Constellation stars only some of them as vividly visible at 03h58m. The dense formation of clouds has the head of the Hunter made invisible. But the north side bright star is strikingly bright. Betelgeuse and the Riegal stars are very fine.







Fig 9 of 24th September 2010 at 01h16m in IMG_1677KLN shows the Moon totally covered by thick cluster dark and white clouds but Jupiter is visible.

CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANT RESULTS:

The Jupiter shows the predominant giant region but occasionally the Blue hue is also seen. This is interpreted as the possibility of the Jupiter atmosphere having flashes of lightning that modify the colour of the giant red spot. Otherwise the proximity of the Uranus planet to the Jupiter might be occasionally giving a blue radiance that interferes with the Jupiter radiations. But one thing became very evident that the giant red spot radiance falls on the surface of the Moon and the Moon shine exhibits contrasting brilliance of Moon shine from the different topologically significant regions of the surface structure of the Moon. Dr D. V. N Sarma and I on the eve of 24th September 2010 between 7.00PM to 8.00PM have observed from the Eastern veranda of his residence through his Olympus binoculars of 16x magnification the craters and the so-called seas of the Moon. He was surprised of the vivid view of the Moon with greater details of its morphology. The present author found that the vivid look of the Moon surface through the binoculars was due to the Giant Red spot radiance falling on it from the Jupiter planet which happens to be very close by. The evidence of this has been found in observing the red circle around the Moon on a particular time. Fig 2 of 24th September 2010 at 01h09m has the Moon with a red ring of shine around it the first indication of the affect of Giant Red spot of the Jupiter on the Moon surface.
On 22nd September 2010 in the afternoon there was a heavy downpour about 5cm of rain in Hyderabad for about 2hours and during the same period in Visakhapatnam there was lightning and thunder of thick black clouds but surprisingly it didn’t rain in Visakhapatnam. The weather of 19th to 23rd September 2010 was one of an interaction between the prevailing weather conditions in Andhra Pradesh and the new influx of North East Monsoon of India. On 19th September 2010 undoubtedly the low depression vanished due to heavy dust particles. The finer dust particles on the other hand have led to haze formation on the 24th evening at Visakhapatnam. The warm weather conditions thus developed after the 19th September 2010 in Andhra Pradesh.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I am indebted to the inspiration given by Prof. K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) at the JVD College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Waltair.

Thursday, September 23, 2010

September 19th to 22nd, 2010 Phenomenal Weather at Visakhaptanm and the Astronomy Sky Study

trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com

Volume 2010, Issue No.9, Dt. 20th September 2010 Time: 10:35:38


September 2010 Phenomenal Weather at Visakhapatnam



by
Professor Dr Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
{Retd. Prof .of Physics, SU}, 17-11-10 Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipet.P.O. Viskhapatnam-53002. Cell: 9491902867 BSNL


ABSTRACT



The sudden change of weather pattern on the Sunday 19th September 2010 was noted as a phenomenal event. The sudden disappearance of low depression without being strengthened has been noted also by the weather people at the official bureau of Visakhapatnam hurricane warning centre. They said the Friday formed Low Pressure trough in the middle of Bay of Bengal has not become fully formed and became weak by Sunday morning and disappeared totally. It was said to have yielded rain at Cheenur, Ramgundum 6cms, at Mandana 5cms, Kalvakurthi, Bimdole and Nuziveedu about 4cms.Present author noted that the 19th September 2010 Visakhapatnam experienced warm weather in the morning and by evening time around 18h30m the brownish black clouds enveloped the sky. This was phenomenal in the sense that the cloud formations and display of scenario of sky was totally different from the previous almost a month of heavy rains. The Delhi - Lucknow road has been blocked due to heavy rains and the disappeared low Depression of Bay of Bengal has suddenly moved at a rapid speed to the Delhi area. The 19th September 2010 evening a dust formation has prevented the full realization of the strengthened hurricane at Visakhapatnam. The Low Depression trough has fizzled out. The author found that on the 14th September 2010 the Moon has exhibited a crater diffraction of colours which could readily be image captured at 19hours. The Moon was moving towards the Jupiter planet and on the 19th September 2010 it was image captured along with the Moon at 23h02m. It has distanced away from the Venus planet considerably.




keywords: Astronomy, Visakhapatnam's Sky, weather, Sravanam, Colour Spectrum Moon, Jupiter, Historgam,Total Solar eclipse Diamond ring Crater



The Moon Crater Colour Diffraction Display:





Fig 1 September 14th 2010 at 19h histogram Moon pattern from a crater.
The author found that on the 14th September 2010 the Moon has exhibited a crater diffraction of colours which could readily be image captured at 19hours.The histogram of the colours has been obtained by an image analysis process. The Moon on 14th September 2010 at 19h exhibited the diffraction pattern of distinct colours generated by the crater which is the famous diamond ring crater of the total solar eclipse. Observation of the partial crescent Moon was one of a significant record made by the present author in the recent times.



Hindu Panchanga:



19th September 2010 according to Hindu Panchanga is the day of total Dwadashi, i.e.12th Day of Moon. It has the star Sravanam (obviously with all the 4 steps) beginning at 11.13PM of 18th Sept 2010 Saturday night and lasting till late night 1.16AM of 19th. The Uttarashada 3 steps ending night of 18th at 11.13 PM plus Sravanam 4 steps ending at 1.16AM of 20th, plus Dhanishta with 2 steps ending on 21st at 3.43AM constitutes the rasi or Zodiac sign Makar i.e. Capricorn.
The complete cycle of 27 zodiac signs with the Sravanam of 23rd August 2010 to the 19th September 2010 constituted the unprecedented down pour of rains in Andhra Pradesh and all the lakes in Hyderabad city got fully filled to the brim as water pots. This period covered all the 27x4=108 stars cycle as per the Hindu Panchang. The Hyderabad city received such rains only after the lapse of about 27years. In 1927 the Nizam built the Lakes in the Hyderabad city. Who were then the Hindu Astrologers that have fixed the time of digging the lake and as well the location?



























Fig 2 The 20th Sept 2010 at 22h10m stars triangles IMG_1616
This shows the existence of a bright star and its companion star just below the Moon and near to it observed at 22h05m. The pixel positions are respectively 2016, 1604 bright star and 2132, 1624 its companion faint star. Also the outer and inner triangles of stars have been observed on the west side at 22h10m on the 20th Sept 2010.
















Fig 3 West side stars above the street lamp on 20th September 2010 at 21h59m IMG_1608 and the diffraction ring of the Jupiter






Fig 4 The 19th Sept 2010 cloud Moon IMG_1603. These images depict vividly the dust brownish cloud of the 19th September 2010 captured at 18h45m and the proximity of the Jupiter and the Moon. The image processed data of the pictures has been given for the quantitative analysis of the dust reflections and the cloud smeared Moon shine.

21st September 2010 Bright Sunshine Day:

The night of 21st September gave a good scenario of Jupiter and the Moon proximity view and the stars nearby couldn’t be captured from 20h22m to 22h40m on the Eastern side of Narasimha Ashram but at 22h 44m the west triangular stars have been image captured. The Fig 5 to Fig 10 given below offer the bright sun shine days 19th to 21st September night sky views.






Fig 5 on 21st September 2010 Jupiter and Moon scenario KLN spectrum of Moon
This Figure shows surprisingly the yellow dominant in 1st order as well with Indigo and Violet colours. The dispersion of the sky allows up to 5-orders of spectrum but considerably smeared of the details.

>




Fig 6 Hunter Constellation with the Dog star Sirius on 22nd Sept 2010 at 03h46m KLN IMG_1632. The Fig 6 depicts remarkably the Hunter Constellation with Betelgeuse and Rigel stars prominent.





Fig 7 of the IMG_1621 paint at 12.5% on 21st Sept 2010 at 21h34m KLN
The 1st order spectrum's of the Moon with the Jupiter proximity has yellow predominance but has also the violet and Indigo very prominent.



Fig 8 Sirius Dog Star Hunter (Mrugasira) Constellation on 22nd Sept 2010 at 03h40m AM KLN IMG_1627. The multitude of the Orion Constellation seems to be really fascinating. The hand sword of the hunter belt seems to be in contrast with the three stars of the belt on the waist.


Fig 9 Sirius star and the Hunter Mrugasira Constellation with the belt and the nebula IMG_1626.
The early morning scenario of the Hunter with his Dog star is a very inspiring site of the sky. The belt three stars are found to be very striking and bright though small in size.


Fig 10 of West side triangular stars on 21st Sept 2010 at 22h44m KLN IMG_1625. This happens to be a striking view as the Venus sets on the west.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The author is deeply indebted to Professor K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London) of JVD College of Science & Technology, at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam without whose persistent encouragement and support the present author wouldn’t have been able to pursue his research interests.
=========================================================
ADDENDUM:
From Google Search Engine of 22nd Sept 2010
The equinox falls at 9:09 p.m. on this Wednesday evening, according to clocks set to Mountain Daylight Time. That translates to 3:09 a.m. tomorrow – on Thursday, September 23 – Universal Time.."Oppositions of the Earth and Jupiter occur roughly every 400 days, due to Earth catching up to Jupiter and lapping it in its race around the sun," said Raminder Singh Samra, resident astronomer at the H.R. MacMillan Space Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia."But because the orbits of the planets are slightly elliptical, the distances between oppositions vary, and so the next time [Earth and Jupiter] are this close won't be until 2022."For the rest of September, Jupiter will be the brightest object in the sky, aside from the moon. The planet will be visible all night long, rising in the east at sunset and setting in the west around sunrise.On September 22 the full moon will park itself just above Jupiter, making for a striking cosmic duo to the unaided eye. The following night the moon will sit just to Jupiter's left.What's more, with just binoculars, stargazers can already see the much more distant planet Uranus not quite behind Jupiter, visible as a faint bluish orb fewer than two full-moon discs away from the brighter planet."As Uranus is about five times further away than Jupiter and about a third the size, it will be about 2,800 times fainter than Jupiter," Singh said. But "being so close to each other in the sky, it will be possible to see both planets at the same time through a pair of binoculars."The planetary pair will appear snuggled up closest in the sky for the next few weeks and will slowly drift apart by the end of the year.Jupiter's Near Pass Puts Storms, Moons on DisplayJupiter's close encounter with Earth means that now is the time for detailed views of the gas giant planet's stormy atmosphere, astronomers say."This is a good time to view Jupiter through a telescope, because you should be able to see the oranges, browns, and reds of its cloud bands" said Geza Gyuk, an astronomer with the Adler Planetarium in Chicago.The Great Red Spot—a hurricane three times the width of Earth—should also be visible via telescopes, depending on when you look, Gyuk said.

*************************************************************
The easiest-to-recognize portion of Orion looks like a huge rectangle. It is in the south-southeast in the winter and contains bright stars at each corner of the rectangle, with the ones in the upper left corner and lower right the brightest in the constellation. A line of three stars in the middle of this shape, at Orion's "waist", forms his belt and points downwards from right to left. The rectangle and belt remind some of a giant hourglass. Extending down from the belt is a threesome of fainter stars that represent a dagger, with the middle "star" actually the famous M42 nebula. Betelgeuse• Betelgeuse is the bright star in the shoulder of Orion, a star so huge that if it replaced the Earth's Sun it would extend all the way out to where Mars is. Betelgeuse is 425 light years from earth, meaning the light that reaches an individual's eyes began to travel 425 years ago. An unstable red giant that varies in magnitude over a six-year period, it is sometimes brighter than Rigel, which is in Orion's foot. Betelgeuse is over 50,000 times as bright as the Sun and rated as the 10th brightest star visible from Earth. Rigel• Rigel, the seventh brightest star in the sky, is nearly 800 light years away. It is a blue supergiant with a much fainter partner orbiting it. This star is a great distance away from Rigel, as far away as 60 times the distance between the Sun and Pluto in our own solar system. The partner star is visible with a low-power telescope despite the presence of Rigel's own luminosity. Rigel's brilliance is the equivalent of 85,000 of our Suns. Astronomers estimate Rigel to be "just" 10 million years old. M42• The Great Orion Nebula, also called Messier object 42, is one of the sky's most observed wonders. In binoculars and small telescopes, it appears as a fuzzy patch, but large telescopes show it as a collection of glowing stellar gases. This nebula is 20,000 times bigger is size than our entire solar system. This region of space contains young stars and those in the earliest stages of formation.


Lambda (λ) Orion, Meissa, is a double star, 3.7 and 6, pale white and violet, in the Hunter's head.
• Right Ascension: 5 hours Declination: 5 degrees Visible between latitudes 85 and -75 degrees Best seen in January (at 9:00 PM) Betelguex; Betelgeuze; Beteiguex; Al Mankib. Alpha Orionis HR 2061HD 39801 Data RA 05 55 10.3 Dec +07 24 25 V 0.50 B-V +1.85 Spectral Type M1-2Ia-Iab Betelgeuse is the 12th brightest star in the sky. It is called Alpha Orionis even though it is fainter than Beta Orionis (Rigel). This is because Betelgeuse, a variable star, was misclassified. Take a look at the list of the Brightest Stars Algebar; Elgebar. Beta Orionis HR 1713 HD 34085 DataRA 05 14 32.3 Dec -08 12 06 V 0.12 B-V -0.03 Spectral Type B8Ia: Rigel is the 7th brightest star in the sky. It is called Beta Orionis even though it is brighter than Alpha Orionis (Betelgeuse). This is because Betelgeuse, a variable star, was misclassified. Take a look at the list of the Brightest Stars the Amazon Star. Gamma Orionis HR 1790 HD 35468 DataRA 05 25 07.9 Dec +06 20 59 V 1.64 B-V -0.22 Spectral Type B2III Bellatrix is the 22nd brightest star in the sky. Take a look at the list of the Brightest Stars

At the same time, the Great Red Spot has intensified in color. By the way, the planet Uranus – shining barely within the limit of visibility to the unaided eye, and best seen in a dark sky – will be less than a degree from Jupiter on the night of opposition, September 21. When the moon is not nearby, shedding its glare on the scene, look through binoculars for Uranus near Jupiter. Both planets will be visible in the same field of view. Uranus is in opposition on the same night as Jupiter, in the sort of coincidental space line-up that happens frequently. The two come to opposition only 5 hours apart. People love it when planets and moons line up in space. On the night of Jupiter’s opposition – September 21, 2010 – Jupiter and Uranus will make a tiny line-up, a line-up of two, in space. For a finder chart showing how to identify Uranus in 2010, look here. Why is the moon near Jupiter on the same nights that Jupiter is closest to Earth – the same nights that Earth is passing between Jupiter and the sun? We said all of these events are related. In fact, the moon is full on the night of September 22-23. This is the northern hemisphere’s full Harvest Moon.

Sunday, September 19, 2010

The Astronomy of Visakhapatnam Sky of September 2010



trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com
Volume 2010, Issue No.9, Dated: 19th September 2010

September Month 2010 Astronomy Images of Visakhapatnam Sky

by
Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana

{Retd.Prof. of Physics, SU} 17-11-10 Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta.P.O. Viskhapatnam-530002
Cell: 9491902867 BSNL

ABSTRACT

The weather pattern at Visakhapatnam and in general in Andhra Pradesh was very complex in the sense that there were continuous rains almost every day with considerable downpour throughout the mid August and to-date. The sky very occasionally, gave a chance to capture the images of the shining stars, the Planets and the Moon. The low depressions that survived along the coast of southern India kept the atmosphere very cloudy and with little sunshine during the day time. The 18th September 2010 Hyderabad city experienced a tornado like cloud formation, with noisy sound harmful to the ears that damaged the standing crops. The earlier it occurred few years ago at Dhumulagudem. The very word in Telugu Dhummula gudem implies dust spiral storm area. The capture of the Cassiopeia constellation stars during the last week of August 2010 was one of an interesting thing since it showed certain violet blue neighborhood in certain regions. The triangular formation of stars and another of the Moon, Venus and a distant bright star was very fascinating in the month of September 2010.


Images:




Fig 1 The Triangular Stars of the west East and the North sky at Visakhapatnam



Fig 2 The triangular stars of the west, East and the North . Note certain regions of violet-Blue colour.







Figure 3 Mysterious green and several stars of my capture IMG_1582 on 10th September 2010 at 18h54m





Fig 4 The nice triangular view of the Moon, Venus and the Distant star of the West.





Fig 5 The Jupiter and its look at the stars of the West.




Fig 6 The Moon magnanimous looking at the stars of the East.

CONCLUSIONS:

The sky at Visakhapatnam has offered a very fascinating view of the scenario of clouds of the successive low depression weather conditions along the southern part of India. The unavoidable green and violet-blue patches which could not have been the refraction of the clouds added to the mystery of the weather.

On Certain Intriguing Aspects of Life of Professor K Rangadhama Rao D.Sc (Madras) D.Sc.(London)

Multiple Intriguing Aspects of the Life of
Professor K Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London).

9th September 1899(Birth at Morning time in Berhampur-ancient Kotcherlakota house, cantonment area, opposite ILP Press building) to 20th June 1972(demise at 9:09AM-Visakhapatnam at his residence)
By
Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
{Retd.prof of Phys.SU} 17-11-10,Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta.P.O,
Visakhaptnam-530002
Cell: 9491902867

Propriety Rights Held

There are many or multiple intriguing aspects of the life of late Professor K Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London). Undoubtedly he just like Mahatma Gandhi was a firm believer and follower of the British precision and perfection of executing scientific and technological enterprises. They both wanted their followers to recognize the British superiority and adopt the commitment & purposefulness in human endeavour whether it is for achieving the Political Independence or the Educational Excellence.
Dr K Rangadhama Rao lost his father while in London, doing his post doctoral research at Imperial College in Prof A Fowler’s laboratories at University of London. He has religiously observed promptly the ritual Hindu Ceremony as a devote Hindu Brahmin and served, the cooked certain special food on the Tenth day of demise his beloved father, to his fellow Brahmin Indians in London at his residential place.
He was a vegetarian and while in Sweden he refused to have the food served with a round attractive blob of red meat in his dinner plate. He was told that it was served in the dinner plate, as being very ornamental in appearance. But Dr K R Rao was amazed to note that the country Swedish people so nice that he obtained separately cooked vegetarian food without an iota of non-vegetarian stuff.
Professor Dicke a spectroscopist from USA, during a visit to Andhra University in 1960s has said that Dr K R Rao was the person with whom he got acquainted in London and he was the first person even to give a taste of the Indian Food!
Observations of this kind didn’t deter Dr K R Rao, who always styled himself wearing a tip-top British suit with the collared tie and/or a Bow while in London. But like Sir C V Raman or Sir S Radhakrishanan and many other Indians, he has not become a torch bearer of Knight-Hood of British Christian tradition. He respected the British manners in toto and never refrained from expressing himself either as obediently or with respectful regards and was thankful profuse even for the little help he has received from the Academic Professionals and peers of the British Empire.
He often expressed and was very proud that he acquired the skill of handling precession equipment of sophisticated nature to obtain internationally accepted results of scientific and technological research.
He said that Dr Kapitza working in Lord Rutherford Laboratory at Oxford University was one of a great experimentalist and made very rich contributions to the Lord Rutherford laboratory progress. Later he observed that Dr Kapitz was invited to Russia and has been never allowed to return back to the Lord Rutherford laboratory.
Dr K Rangadhama Rao has become very easily available to his fellow researchers and budding youngsters to teach them and instruct them to carry out their studies and investigations. He was the first person in London to run a free private instruction and teaching centre to certain Indian students in London on subjects of Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics.
He helped many a fellow researchers in his laboratory and especially in Sweden, while at Fysicum, University of Uppsala, to Professor B Edlen (later at University of Lund) and Professor E Mack (later at Wisconsin University, USA) and others like Bergmann & many not known to this author.
The uncanny abilities of Dr K Rangadhama Rao have been neatly summarized in the year1930 by no less a person than Prof. Manne Siegbahn of Fysicum, University of Uppsala, Sweden.




He not only worked at short wave lengths in Sweden but impressed Professor F Paschen at Berlin University, in the year 1931 with his work on a series of electronically significant metallic ions. Professor A Fowler himself admired the neat and comfortable way Dr K Rangadhama Rao carried his researches at the University of Berlin in Germany. Were already the world war signs have become apparent among the British and the German scientists? Has the trip to University of Berlin to work at Professor F. Paschen laboratories at Der Physikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt has it become an important ingredient of his oppression?





Was it the influence of the Lords at England and the noted Professor Sommerfeld? Has the many a spectroscopist from USA who was visiting the British Universities and on short summer visits to UK, Berlin and Paris was very influential?
As early as in 1924 in his D.Sc. Thesis of Madras University, India, Dr. K. Rangadhama Rao has expressed profound dismay that he was unable to get the paper published by Professor Sommerfeld on the relativistic corrections to the Atomic Term values being extensively experimentally being verified by him in Viziyanagaram and exact calculations of analysis of the Line Spectra being published by Dr K. Rangadhama Rao in reputed British Journals? The intriguing thing is that Dr S. Chandhrasekhar had an admonition of his work by Professor Sommerfeld! Were there any clandestine moves in the Scientist circles in Western Countries?
Professor A Fowler himself rose from a very low position at the Imperial College London and achieved great success as Father of Line Spectra and possibly he was not one of the Lords of England.
But why is that Prof A Fowler let him down, Dr K Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London), by only recommending him to a post as an instructor or teaching assistant when he was about to return to India, having spoiled of his visit to USA? Was it not a fact that for twelve times Dr K Rangadhama Rao made his presentations at the dinner time round table prestigious Science Seminars of Royal Society and that the news splashed of the Indian Scientist extraordinary ability even in the Daily Newspapers of London?
After return from abroad the family members wanted Dr K Rangadhama Rao to perform a penance as a Brahmin for having crossed the seas to go abroad by paying a visit to Kasi Viswesvara Temple one of the several sacred the Hindu religious centres of India just like Mahatma Gandhi.
Why is that Prof. A. Fowler also has deliberately postponed the recommendation of Dr K Rangadhama Rao for F. R. S attributing that the time was not opportune for him so that the world-war began and things became upset? Has he been subject to undue pressure by certain other scientists who were aware of the leadership business attitude of Dr K Rangadhama Rao? Prof A. Fowler wrote sceptically about Prof M N Saha whether really he would support Dr K R Rao’s candidature for F R S? But agreed instinctively in the hearts of hearts, that the success of Dr K Rangadhama Rao as FRS is a credit to himself? It is the one of the intriguing aspects of life of Dr K Rangadhama Rao that he Dr Rao, maintained an admirably good relationship with him, in after return to India. What were the behind scenes and happenings in British Society among the British Scientists, Lords and otherwise of global intellectuals just before the world war broke out? Professor R S Mullikan also visited British University laboratories several times in summer times, though not quite clear he met Dr K Rangadhama Rao during the period of stay in London, but Professor R. S. Mullikan Nobel laureate has kindly graced a visit to Andhra University laboratories of Dr K Rangadhama Rao at JVD College of Science & Technology during 1960s.
In fact, Prof. M. N. Saha has been all through a firm supporter of Dr K Rangadhama Rao in his leadership business of educational excellence and endeavour at a global level. Has the single-minded devotion of Dr K Rangadhama Rao and his scholastic Royal Society appreciated research output has become an eyesore to many an Indian as well certain Foreign and American Foundation people who worked hideously or was it a just cause of their inability to grant a USA fellowship to Dr K R Rao? In spite of it, how come Dr KRRao decided to shift to USA and almost took the ship bound to USA (probably at his personal expense and savings) but for a captain of the ship plying between USA and UK? Dr K Rangadhama Rao was barred from boarding a ship bound to USA by the ship captain saying that he won’t allow blacks to board on his ship, while his friendly and jolly talking colleague Dr. Curtis was allowed to proceed on board! Dr K Rangadhama Rao contemplated research in the Infra Red spectroscopy at USA.
Was it really that the absence of a machinery in India the real cause and refusal to route the ambition of Dr K Rangadhama Rao to shift to USA and work in the University of Michigan Randall laboratories under “The Rockfeller Foundation Research Fellowship”? Why Professor A Fowler wanted the correspondence to be kept with him for a future reference?








The Nobel Prize was decided to be awarded to Sir C.V. Raman while Dr K Rangadhama Rao was very much with Prof. Manne Siegbahn and in fact Dr K Rangadhama Rao was the first person to wire Sir C V Raman congratulating him by a telegram as a Nobel laureate the same evening when the “Prize Diploma” to him was finalized, that was in fact six months before he received the prize from the Swedish Monarchy. (See the Dr Badami’s letters).
Why Prof A Fowler also wanted Dr Badami to be associated with the Andhra University? He wanted the duo Dr K R Rao and Dr Badami at Andhra University, Waltair, India also to continue his legacy in India as well?
Dr Icchapurupu Ramakrishna Rao was a close associate of Dr K R Rao and a friendly neighbour in Official Colony in Visakhapatnam undoubtedly was very much with Sir C V Raman having worked in Allahabad for his Ph. D. in Physics.
Why Prof. & Sir C V Raman of Calcutta was much against Dr K R Rao and harmed him not less than on four occasions in the promotion of professional career of Dr K R Rao? Was it the sinister oppressive attitude of his own science empire to survive in Andhra Pradesh the real cause or a hidden jealousy of the renowned person of his idiosyncrasies? Sir C V Raman’s father and mother have migrated to Visakhapatnam for their livelihood and stayed in Agraharam streets of Chengalaraopeta. Their residence was very near to the CBM church. They were also associated of the South Indian Association of the Agraharam with the office located in Sivalayam and the Kota veedhi. Sonti family people of Visakhapatnam knew about this association. Sir C V Raman’s father was a Mathematics lecturer in Mrs.A.V.N.College that was converted as earlier being a Hindu College with the help of a donation of an Estate Manager under the British Rule of India. They knew Kotcherlakota family (also living near to the Venkateswara Temple) of ILP publications of government gazetted proceedings. It’s not just that Dr K Rangadhama Rao who has acquired considerable skill in experimental work of Physics in Mrs A. V. N. College was a novice to Sir C V Raman’s father. Sir C V Raman’s father knew also Sir Aushtosh Mukherjee the Mathematician and the Vice Chancellor of a University in Calcutta. Sir CVRaman was appointed as a Palit Professor in a University by Sir Aushtosh Mukheerji. Its anybody guess what were the qualifications of Sir C V Raman when he became a Palit Professor? Why neither Mahatma Gandhi nor Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru accepted the honourable Knight-Hood Sir title? Mokshagudem Visweswarayya and Rabindranath Tagore returned away the honourable “SIR” title.
Even while purchasing a ticket for Madras, hurriedly to meet his beloved wife, during his lost visit to Vizag Sir C V Raman declared himself to the Ticket booth counter clerk in Waltair Railway station that “I am Sir C V Raman”? What is the secret of the proudness in his title as Sir? Or is it an inferior complex among the fellow youngsters!
The domination of South Indians was so much in those days of freedom movement that personalities like Sir S Radhakrishna and Shri A L Narayana have changed their names with the affix ‘n’ added at the end of their original names, so that they can claim to be more akin of Madras Tamilians rather than Andhras and survive in the political strong scenario of combined state of Andhra and Madras under British rule. Such was the power of the cult of Tamil Brahmins migrated to Andhra but fortunately, not all of them were alike in their attitude.
The certificates of merit issued to Dr K Rangadhama Rao by Prof A Fowler, at London and Prof. Manne Siegbahn, at Sweden were of diverse nature and very intriguing in the sense both agree that Dr K Rangadhama Rao possessed certain uncommon abilities and expertise of research investigations of a totally new trend and in regions which they themselves found not easily amenable for observations. In fact Dr K Rangadhama Rao achieved uncanny ability of Analysis of the spectral line data along with the attended band, polyatomic and nuclear spectral features. While Prof A Fowler could only be the Father of Line spectra Dr K Rangadhama Rao has become really the real Father of Analysis expertise of the observed spectra and the assignments of the term values. He acquired the skill of analysis while as a student both at Mrs A. V. N. College, Visakhapatnam and later at St Joseph’s college at Madras University, at Trichinopoly and later at the Research laboratories in Viziyanagaram, recognized by Madras University.
Dr K Rangadhama Rao chose the Prof F Paschen laboratories technical person Heinrich Lesche( letter of dispatch from Postdam, Berlin dt. 1st June 1932) to build his personally designed Vacuum Tube Spectrograph at a cost of RM1600/-. Bericht uber die Tatigkeit der Physikalisch-Technischen Reichsanstalt im Jahre 1932 reports promptly on Dr Wolfsohn aus Berlin mit dem Vakuum-Gitter-Spektrographen. A Germany publication on who is who in Germany has published of course, the name of Dr K Rangadhama Rao during the 1930s. Dr K R Rao had an ambition to shift to USA to work in The Infra Red region, may be like the Astrophysicist Dr S. Chandrasekhar (a lucky person to migrate) he would have contributed much to the progress of Science and Modern Physics.


Tuesday, September 7, 2010

TRUWIZ 111 in Memory Professor K Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc. (London)

trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com
Volume 2010, Issue No.9,Dt.9th September 2010, Time: 17h12m50s

Title: TRUWIZ- 111: In memory of Professor Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao
D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc. (London).
(9th September 1899 - 20th June 1972)
TRUWIZ-111

Q1.) The first publication probably made by Prof KRRao et al was in the year
a.1924 b.1925 c.1928 d.1927
Q2.) London ZSL journal gave first report of impending quakes detected by
a. Horses b. frogs c. toads d. elephants
Q3).The fall of Khmer civilization at Angkor 600 years ago was brought out by
a. Droughts b. intense monsoons c. ruthless invasions d. earthquakes
Q4.) Smog formation creates other oxidized organic chemicals, such as
a. formaldehydes. b. dioxides c. triatomicmolecules d. acetone
Q5.) The thyroid gland in children under the age of five is very sensitive to radioactivity of
a. Fluorine b.Bromine c. Iodine d.Salt
Q6.) The Chernobyl nuclear accident action occurred when there was a test to see if the reactor number four could be used to power the reactors
a. Heating system b.cooling system c.radiocontrol system d. fuel system
Q7.) Once born, a hurricane to build and maintain its strength and intensity needs only.
a. Cool water b.strong winds c.huge circulation d. warm water
Q8). Science declined and ethics and metaphysics prospered on account of
a). Theos b). Hypocrites c). Sophists d). Churchmen
Q9). The industrial revolution was the desire to emulate of imported goods from India & China in terms of their
a). Quantity b). Faith c). Quality d). Necessity.
Q10). α β γ solanine and α β γ chaconine get concentrated in damaged portions of potatoes or in the regions of
a). Reddish-brown b).green c). Offshoots d) warts
Q11.) The fungi and their toxins can be easily removed by washing the affected cereals with
a). 20% alcohol b). 15% KMnO4 c).20% salt water d). Sodium bicarbonate
Q12.) Kesari dal an adulterant in besan, pea or channa powders, contains the Beta-N-Oxalyl Amino Alanine (BOAA) dangerous to
a).kidney b). Liver c). Brain d). Nerves
q13.) In 1960 one lack Turkey birds died in England due to contaminated peanut meal feed because of a). Ergotoxins b). Oxalates c). amanita phalloids d). Aflatoxin
Q14.) Most commonly found group of fungus in milk, milk-products and creams is
a). listerisis b). Botulin c). Oidium d) A.flavius
Q15.) Green vegetables are coloured by using the green
a).malachite b). Metanil c). Congo d). Glutamate
Q16). Chilli powder coloured by the synthetic red
a).malachite b). Metanil c). Congo d). Glutamate
Q17.) Taste enhancer monosodium glutamate or agmo moto causes depression and disorders by adversely affecting a). Liver b). Digestive track c). Blood flow d). Nervous system.
Q18.) Cocoa-extracts that contain alkaloids use an acid that affects the bone and teeth i.e.
a).sulphuric b). Hydrochloride c) cinnamon d). Phosphoric
Q19.) Monsanto Corporation dropped their programme foe genetically modified wheat due to
Insufficient a). Finances b).Peoples support c.)Market d). Regulation by USA.
Q20.)The Pharaohs (worthy men), Romans (gift to gods) and Greeks (warriors) believed the super powers of
a).Fruits b).cereals c).mushrooms d).nuts
Q21.) Cullenia extrallata (vedipla) and sea otter are the keystone species for activities
a). mutualist & predatory b). Killer & preserving c). Iron & iodine deficiency d). None of these.
Q22.) Three rounds of assembly involving transplanting between YEAST and E.COLI it was possible to produce artificial genome of base pairs numbering about
a). 1000 b). 10,000 c). 1,00,000 d). 1e+06
Q23). Production of particles over anti-particles has been now argued as the reason why matter dominated the creation of our universe and these particles are,
a). Rao and Anti-Rao Muons b). Muons and anti-Muons c). Pions d). Neutrinos
Q24.) Powerful laser beams into cloud chamber cooled to minus 24deg C caused production of visible clouds they are of wavelength
a). Green b). Infra Red c). Blue d). Ultra Violet.
Q25). Koji Omi a key figure in S & T of Japan said that India is only a promising country for
a). Developing economy b).emerging economy c).promising economy d). Useless economy trends Q26). The lithosphere rides on a soft layer of hot molten rock on the upper mantle and is called
a). asthenosphere b).Ionosphere c). Geosphere d). Tectonic plate.
Q27.) On 19th May the Saturday 2010 the Bay of Bengal Sea at Visakhapatnam agitated with muddy sea waves that have been video recorded by the present author and is due to the
a). Barren Island Volcano b).Indonesia earthquake c). Local activity d).unknown activity
Q28.) Depression of women is a social disease menace in India due to the lack of a
a). Faith b). Dharma c). Culture d). National Patriotism
Q29). Urban development of authority in India fell short of Visualization of
a). Population growth b).Illegal families c). Exploitation d). Builders.
Q30). Ununseptium as per IOPAC the super heavy element has a mass number
a). 293 b). 294 c). 292 d). 288
Q31.) An alternative to water purifier from Aluminium sulphate (ALUM) has been found to be the seeds of the vegetable
a). Lady Fingers b). Snake Goud c). Drum Sticks d). Jack Fruit
Q32.) A much chemical is used in place of glycerol as a solvent in cough mixtures etc., which is
a). Camphor b).Ghee c). Honey d). Diethylene glycol
Q33). Proban used in moisturing creams has a danger of
a). Skin disease b). Nervous affect c). breast cancer d). Lung infection
Q34). MMT manganese based octane enhancer to improve fuel efficiency causes
a). Long illness b). Headache c). Neurotoxicity d). Breast affect
Q35.) The cell membrane has a protein that forms a tetramers with each monomer acting as a water channel, the peptide sequence of this protein differs, allowing the pore size to differ and decide which molecules should pass through, with small pores water molecules pass through, these proteins are
a). aquporins. b). ferrodixins c). trypsin d). serines
Q36.) Tree sensors use an electrode connected placed in a plant and the other in the surrounding soil thus produced electric voltage is up to
a).100mV b).200mV c) 50mV d) 150 mV
Q37). Al 3+ substitution in Microwave ferrite, like Nickel Zinc mixed Ferrite inhibits grain growth, reduces domain-wall losses and the mechanical strength is
a). improves b). Decreases c). Destroys d). Magnified
Q38). The change in magnetisation of a ferromagnetic material is usually reversible in high fields while in low fields the process is irreversible and shows
a). Phase change b). Brittleness c). Hysteresis d). Irradiance
Q39.) Dielectric gratings have emerged recently as a promising alternative to distributed Bragg reflection dielectric stacks for broadband, high-reflectivity filtering applications in the wavelength region
a). Far Infra Red b). Ultraviolet c).Sub-wavelengths d). Prof R Blue wave lengths
Q40.) Saturn deep cloud system appears dressed in a strand of pearls in a stunning image from Cassini spacecraft in the
a). Blue light b). Ultraviolet light c). Infra Red light d). X-rays.
Q41.) Early earth was thought not to be a blue planet at all by any means, it would have been shrouded by an organic reddish haze difficult to see through, that provided a UV shield, and the ocean was greenish colour caused by dissolved
a). Mercury b). Lead c). Uranium d).Iron
Q42.) Prof Kotcherlakota L N has suggested a new theory of solving the General Theory set of Equations for the Cosmology models of the Universe by using the a simple approach of renormalized
a). Space b). Space- Time c). Time d). Gravitation
Q43.) The appearance of life requires a decrease in Entropy as Carroll puts it is a violation of second law of
a). Classical Mechanics b) Newton’s Theory c).Quantum Physics d). Thermodynamics.
Q44.) For every high energy photon that arrives on earth from Sun the Earth radiates lower energy photons back into space (that increases entropy and exceeds the collective effort of the biosphere local entropy decrease) numbering almost
a). 10 b). 15 c).40 d). 20
Q45.) The collations of protons and neutrons is thought to move into an electron belt following the Big Bang nearly after the number of years of about
a). 400k b). 330k c). 530k d). 600k
Q46.) The concept and the accepted view that that there is nothing ahead of us in time because there yet universe has not been created gets shattered by the General Theory of Relativity put forwarded by the present author (trusciencetrutechnolgy@blogspot.com) since it involves renormalization of
a). Time b). Space c). Gravitation d). Mass
Q47).Erdington’s theory of gravitational action describes the curvedness of space-time by mass and energy as a
a).Process b). Mechanism c). Pull d).attraction
Q48.) Prof A Fowler is regarded as the father of Line Spectra and late Prof K. Rangadhama Rao is who first thought about to what extent the physical constants are really constant in spectroscopy is regarded as the Father of Line spectra
a). Analysis b). Measurement c). Estimations d). Deductions.
Q49.) Ragtime Jun 9, 2010 3:04 AM Prague, Czech Republic say that IMO dark matter consist of deformed space ("cold dark matter"), which trapped the anti-matter formed during Big bang ("hot dark matter"). The deformation is the product of omni directional space-time expansion (which is actually product of dispersion of light on fluctuations of vacuum in the same way, like dispersion of ripples at water surface). It collects antiparticles preferably due its curvature of space-time being
a). Positive b). Negative c). Neutral d). Oscillatory
Q50.) Researchers in Cambridge in the UK have succeeded in generating entangled photons using electricity alone, with a new device called an "entangled light-emitted diode" (ELED). The device converts electrical current directly into light rather than relying on laser power as in previous technology. The technique could be a practical way to integrate many light sources together on a single chip – something that will be crucial for making a real-world optical quantum computer that relies on the light
a). Dispersed b.) Plasma enhanced c.) Quantum generated d.) Entangled.
Q51.) Stray magnetic fields that are disturbing the atom cloud, ultra-cold matter is so sensitive to jolts and jiggles, atom clouds could make supersensitive sensors for inertial guidance systems. Rasel and his team devised a special self-contained canister that can automatically generate a BEC. They then dropped the canister from the 146-metre-high drop tower at the Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity in Bremen, Germany. The split super atom cloud sent in different paths and joined produces a pattern useful to detect changes better then what a torsional balance can achieve. Essentially they employed the technique of
a). Diffraction b.) Interference c.) Polarization d). Refraction
Q52.) For a laser beam that is 1 cm in diameter, the sideways components of the photons act as photons, which have a smaller energy and momentum than visible photons and are in fact the photons of
a.) Microwaves b.) Infra Red waves c.) Ultra Violet waves d). Gamma Rays.
Q53.) The earliest enactment following the Independent India’s Economy was
a.) 5-yr Plan b.) Banking Regulation act c.) Life Insurance d.) NABARD
Q54.) The sugar content of Honey is
a.) Fructose b.) Glucose c.) Ribose d.) Galctose
Q55.) The acid of milk curd is
a.) HCl b.) Acetic c.) Lactose d.) Picric
Q56.)Volume of a cube is 729cm^3 then its surface area in the units of cm^2 is
a.) 486 b.) 466 c.) 456 d.) 476
57.) If A=1, B=2,C=3 etc of the English alphabet what would be DESK?
a.) 80 b.) 90 c.)74 d.) 76
Q58.) Wheel of 30cm diameter covers a distance in 260 revolutions in how many revolutions the same distance is covered by wheel B of 20cm diameter?
a.) 160 b.) 360 c.) 420 d.)280
Q59.) The band gap energy that determines the fluorescent light energy and hence its colour is related to the square of the size of the quantum dot as proportional
a.) directly b.) Indirectly c.) In cube power d.) Inversely
Q60). In quantum dots the colour of fluorescent light is related to the energy levels
a.) directly b.) Indirectly c.) In cube power d.) Inversely
Q61.) The molecules transport the energy of the sunlight they absorb through parts of the photosynthesis mechanism, according to Silberhorn and her colleagues, in the form of such a state known as the
a). hermaphroditic b). Superposed c). Classical d.)Biological
Q62.) At JQI the stack of 30 dielectric layers, between high (H) and low (L) refractive index material, each about 80 nanometers thick, equivalent to about a quarter of a wavelength of the light traveling through it, caused the light waves to bend or reflect by varying amounts. Adding a single low-index layer to the end of this stack disproportionately increased the photon transit time by 3.52 fs to about 16.36 fs. (The transit time through this added layer would be only about 0.58 fs, if it depended only upon the layer's thickness and refractive index.) On the contrary, adding an extra H layer to a stack of 30 layers alternating between H and L would reduce the transit time to about 5.34 fs, so that individual photons seem to emerge through the 2.6-micron-thick stack at speeds
a.) superluminal (faster-than-light) b.) subluminal c.)light d.) Galatic measures
Q63.) "This experiment demonstrates that gravity changes the flow of time, a concept fundamental to the theory of general relativity," Müller said. Because the oscillations of light waves slow down or become redder when tugged by gravity. The phenomenon is often called the gravitational
a.) redshift b.) Blueshift c.)Dopplershift d.)Einsteinshift.
Q64.) OBML can be opened and read with downloads of set up executive files in the search engine of
a.) Google b.) MSN c.) opera d.) Yahoo
Q65.) It's possible the smaller proton means the Rydberg constant hasn't been correctly measured. This value describes the way light gets emitted from various elements—a key component of spectroscopy, which is used, for instance, to tell which kinds of elements exist in galaxies and the vast interstellar gas-and-dust clouds called nebulae. Smaller Proton Size Revealed by Lasers In a ten-year experiment, a team led by Randolf Pohl of the Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany, used a specialized particle accelerator to alter hydrogen atoms, which are each made of a single proton orbited by an electron. For each hydrogen atom, the team replaced the atom's electron with a particle called a muon, which is 200 times more massive than an electron. "Because the muon is so much heavier, it orbits very close to the proton, so it is sensitive to the proton's size," said team member Aldo Antognini, of the Paul-Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Muons are unstable, and they decay into other particles in just 2.2 microseconds. The team knew that firing a laser at the atom before the muon decays should excite the muon, causing it to move to a higher energy level—a higher orbit around the proton. The muon should then release the extra energy as x-rays and move to a lower energy level. The distance between these energy levels is determined by the size of the proton, which in turn dictates the frequency of the emitted x-rays. But based on the accepted proton radius, the experiment failed to produce x-rays at the anticipated frequency. In the summer of 2009 the team decided to widen their search to include other possible proton sizes. To their astonishment, the scientists detected x-rays at an assumed proton radius of 0.8418 femtometers—4 percent smaller than expected. The idea that Rydberg Constant may not be a precise constant has been established by the work of an Indian Scientist as early as 1920-1924,
a). Prof K. Rangadhama Rao b). Sir Prof. R. c). Dr. Meghnad Saha d). Prof .S.N.Bose
Q66.) NASA said on Thursday 15th July 2010, that the thermosphere, which blocks harmful ultraviolet rays, expands and contracts regularly due to the sun's activities. As carbon dioxide increases, it has a cooling effect at such high altitudes, which also contributes to the contraction. But even these two factors aren't fully explaining the extraordinary contraction which, though unlikely to affect the weather, can affect the movement of satellites, researchers said."This is the biggest contraction of the thermosphere in at least
a.)50yrs b.)100yrs c.)43yrs d.)1000yrs.
Q66.) 454’s sophisticated machines run the sequencing reactions on chips smaller than a playing card drilled with tiny holes numbering about
a). 1e+05 b). 2e+08 c). 3e+09 d). 8E+05
Q67.)HeliScope Single Molecule Sequencer new technology for decoding of a genome differs from tSMS in sequencing by single molecules of about 25 bases in length synthesized on billions of templates with synthesis process of polymerase and one labelled nucleotide C G A T that give the nascent complementary strands on all the templates washing away free ones the incorporated are imaged with positions recorded.
a.) DNA b.) DNA and RNA c.) RNA d). DNA or RNA
Q68.)Oregon’s Mount Hood eruptions have indicated possible existence of mixing of magma of different types numbering about
a). two b). three c). four d). five
Q69.) On Mount Everest in 1924 summer when there was a pressure drop that drove climbers Mallory and Irving’s to death, into a thin air storm and to a hypoxic state, is only of order mbar numbering
a). 2 b). 3 c. ) 4 d.) 8
Q70.) On July 31st Some people in South Africa were able to see the Sun Rise with
a). Sun spot b).CME c). Flare d).Rainbow
Q71.) Space Weather.com recommends on the 3rd August 2010 that many features of the Sun may perhaps be seen with the use of simple equipment like
a). Solar telescopes b). digital Cameras c). Imaging devices d). Cooling glasses
Q72.) For enhancing light harvesting efficiency distant units within proteins are wired together by what is called the Quantum
a).Coherence b). Entaglement c).Logic d). Rao and Anti Rao effect.
Q73.) Mini-SAR sent the left circularly polarised Radio waves that get reflected and reverse the polarisation from the surface of the deep craters of the Moon in the North Pole and the high ratio of the powers of the polarised waves involved gives the evidence of water by process involving
a).Water Vapors b).Water molecules c).Both these d).Rao and Anti Rao Quanta.
Q74.)The tongue while drinking the coffee perceives the viscosity, heaviness thickness and
a). Flavour b). Richness c).Good quality d.) Acidity
Q75.) At the size of hair the geckos an adhesion of roughly 10 Newtons or around kgs per square centimetre
a). 26 b). 2 c). 1.12 d) 1.5
Q76.) the therauptic powers of yoga that eases stress, anxieties, improves circulation and breathing, lowers blood pressure is
a). Hata Yoga b). Raja Yoga c). Hasya Yoga d). Karma Yoga
Q77.) The August 1st week Solar Sun Spot released a CME described as the
a). Plasma Ball b). Plasma Burp c).Plasma Flare d).Plasma tsunami
Q78.) The NIST memory qubits in a quantum REGISTER and an ACCUMULATOR where the can be to undergo quantum operations
a).together b).Individually c).entangled d).mutually
Q79.) Total Solar eclipse study of 11th June 1983 over Java Indonesia coronal emissions at 5303 A Fe XIV and at 6377A Fe x indicated the emissions corona confined largely within a radius R of
a).1.2 b).1.5 c). 2 d). 5
Q80.) The results of reconstruction analysis of the galaxy distribution in a spherical region of radius 50 Mpc/h centered on the Local Group, as mapped by the IRAS Point Source Catalog Redshift Survey (PSCz) largely depend on the amplitude and nature of the biasing between IRAS galaxies and mass and mostly on
a). Omega_m b). Temperature c). Statistics d).Distribution
Q81.) Biological diversity is among the most significant and rich in theworld in the country
a).India b).China c).Indoneasia d).Australia
Q82.) At Hiroshima & Ngasaki most casualties were due to the blast and fire but gamma and neutron radiation affected about
a). 15-20% b).30-40% c).25-35% d).50%
Q83).Although articles revealed embarrasing foibles of scientists, they also illustrate sciences ability to self-correct says the award selection committee for an Indian Scribe writer
a).Pallava Bagla b).Monica Bedi c). Gandhi d). RKLaxman
Q84).It is thought that the second law of thermodynamics is the image of the law of increase of area in relativity in the world with a giant black hole which is in fact a
a).diffraction b).interference c).hologram d). refraction
Q85). Herbivores protect emitting odorant molecules that prevent predatory insects lured to plants by producing
a). hormones b).toxins c).juices d). flesh
Q86). Blend of dyes including the ones used in canned vegetables, jellies and sauces and the rose bengal used in the diagnostic eye dropsa to stain damaged cells boosted efficiency of ZnO solar cells by 8% and is the
a) Deep Blue b).Fast Green c). Yellow shine d).Red glow
Q87). Open hen birds eggs are found better as California and Michigan have enacted measures rather than
a). Home birds b).caged birds c).farm birds d).hatchery birds
Q88). A drop of Sun’s radiation is attributed to shrinking in atmospheric layer thickness to a sharp drop which is in the range of frequencies
a).UV b).IR c). X-Ray d). Gammay Ray
Q89).Value of pi the ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle has been calculated, by Shigeru Kondo aged 55 a computer engineer with a dedicated designed computer in about 90days and seven hours time, found up to
a). Five billion b).Five trillion c)five million d)five lacks
Q90). Two cinese satellites SJ-12 and SJ-06F on 19th August 2010 seem to have had a close encounter at a height from earth about
a).800km b).1000km c).600km d).200km
Q91). Chromatography study and the new absorptions found in extracts of solutions of tea etc by the present author and Dr B V Kashbardar at Physics in Life Sciences Laboratory of Shivaji University, Kolhapur during 1990s, in the range slightly above the red region has now received confirmation of new varieties of photosynthesis pigment in algae like species stromatolites, a decoration of formly group on the chlorophyll carbon number 2 is termed
a).f b g c). i d).j
Q92). Force microscopy revealed by studies on the earth’s gravity measurements on a small apple, the new unit of force known as Yacto-Newton which is equivalent of the weight of a single atom of copper on the earth and is about part Newton by
a). septillionth b).billionth c).millionth d)hundredillionth
Q93). The legume Gaur, cyamopsis tetragonalabal, has been grown and native in India for several thousand years when mannogalactan mucilage derived from its seeds mixed with paper pulp yielded opaque paper excellent for
a). writing b).wraping c). printing d). clothing
Q94).Photosensitizing poisons are produced by buckwheat when eaten they make animal sensitive to sun light, safe when under shade but symptoms to death may develop when the animal moves into sun light. The other plant is
a).castor plant b).dandelion speicies kok-sagyz c).Tung d) St-John’s wart
Q95). Paranitroaniline of about an inch in a beaker farms a paste when combined with concentrated sulfuric acid by heating the paste you produce a light weight plastic with air bubbles called the
a).Dough b). Trough c)sausage d).yeast
Q96).Galalith known as milk stone used for horn like insoluble, tough buttons is produced by mixing formaldehyde and
a).rubber milk b).castor oil c).milk casein d). corn pulp
Q97).Stars Arctures and Sirius were both definitely to the positions noted by astronomers of India before the Ptomely in 200AD
a).South b).North c).East d).west
Q98). The sound of a major explosion on may 20th 1883 that spurred ashes to a height of 17miles producing different sets of moon and sun colors was at
a)Krakatoa b).Java c).Australia d). Thailand
Q99). The pots used as producing the 100 famous infants of a single broken fetus of Mahabharat epic of warrior race dating to more than few thousands of years ago have probably produced them using
a).Clay b).Lacquer c).Glassy crystalline d) ceramics
Q100).Cow dung and of other animals was mixed with grass, chopped straw and reeds and shaped into pots using sticking clay on a basket and sun dried them or burnt with fire and Indian fashioned pottery by stripes of clay rolled over by primitive people known as
a).Zuni b).Kummari c)Ayurvedic expert d).Kansali
Q101).Cosmic rays bombarding the earth’s atmosphere for millions of years and the level of carbon 14 atoms produced by 78% of Nitrogen absorption of neutrons with emission of a proton, yielded the estimate of radioactive carbon on the earth at any given time as about
a).200tons b)500tons c)100tons d).1000tons
Q102). Bengal Hydroponic system of a layman in India uses troughs made up of any material filled with two parts of sand and five parts of chips, gravel, cinders or broken red mud and provides possibly the answer to growth of vegetables on the surface of
a).Moon b).Mars c).A satellite of Saturn d)extra terrestrial planet
Q103). Distance in millions of light-years of neare galaxies are 0.2 for Magellanic clouds,2 for Andromeda group, 8 Ursa Major(Sapta Rishi) group and for Virgo cluster of diameter 7million light years, it is
a).34 b).50 c). 32 d). 100
Q104). Three spectral sensitive visual pigments Short, Medium and Long wavelength, consisting of protein complexed with light absorbing compound derived from Vitamin A sit in the membrane of cone cells corresponding to 470Nm,520Nm,580Nm of blue green and yellow colors actually absorb at 430Nm,530Nm and
a). 560Nm b).570Nm c).580NM d).590Nm
Q105). Coriolis force is strong enough to direct winds of hurricane when acting over hundreds of miles and for over
a).years b).months c).weeks d).days.
Q106). In the year 1960 H Sloane discovered as British Governer of Jamaica while collecting information on local plants and animals the bitter chocolate beverage mixed with
a).Coconut water b).Milk c) Honey d).butter milk
Q107). Memistor a new kind of circuit created at each raised intersection of overlapping nanowires of Titanium, and Platinum of about
a)8Nm b).10Nm c).30Nm d).2Nm
Q108). Nuclear war of 100 bombs over cities between Pakistan and India would engulf the entire region in thick smoke raised to atmosphere, the earth’s surface cooled and the entire vegetation destroyed resulting in famine conditions and starvation of people and affects would lost for about
a)3yrs b).5yrs c).10yrs d)100yrs
Q109). Charged calcium atoms suspended between charged plates can undergo laser flip of ion’s magnetic orientation (qbits) with information linked over many qbits would help transfer
a)location-location b)ions to atoms c).neighbours d).remote place
Q110). Universes with different physical laws might still be habitable that have emerged from the same primordial vacuum that gave rise to our universe and promises the role of
a).Rao and anti-Rao quanta b).Mesons c)Neutrinos d)Higgs Quanta.
Q111).Australia and British Astrophysicists team claim that "After measuring alpha in around 300 distant galaxies, a consistency emerged: this magic number, which tells us the strength of electromagnetism, is not the same everywhere as it is here on Earth, and seems to vary continuously along a axis through the universe" , and state that the axis is
a).Preferred b). Magnetic c). Spin d). Gravitational

**********************************

Answers: 1.a; 2.c; 3.c; 4.a; 5.c; 6.b; 7.d; 8.c; 9.c; 10.b; 11.c; 12.d; 13.d; 14.c; 15.a; 16.c; 17.d; 18.d; 19.c; 20.c; 21.a; 22.d; 23. b; 24.b; 25. b; 26. a; 27.b; 28. d; 29. d; 30. a; 31. c; 32. d; 33. c; 34. c; 35. a; 36. b; 37. a; 38. c; 39. c; 40. c; 41.d; 42.c; 43. d; 44. d; 45. a; 46.a; 47.b; 48.a; 49. b; 50. d; 51. b; 52.a; 53. b; 54.a; 55. c; 56. a; 57.c; 58. b; 59. d; 60.a; 61. a; 62.a; 65.a; 64.c; 65.a; 66. d; 67. d; 68.a; 69. c; 70. a; 71. b; 72. a; 73. d; 74. b; 75. c; 76. c; 77.b ; 78. a; 79. a; 80. a;81.a; 82. a ; 83.a ; 84.c; 85.b ; 86. b; 87.b; 88. a; 89.b; 90. c;91. a; 92. a; 93.c; 94.d; 95.c;96. c;97.a;98.a; 99.a; 100.a;101.c; 102.a; 103.c; 104.a; 105.d; 106.b; 107.c;108.a; 109. a;110. a; 111.a.

****************************