Volume 2013, Issue
No.9,Dt. 3 September 2013:Time: 10h29m.AM.
The Infra Red spectra of phosphor
materials BaSO4 and CaS04 doped with rare earth
material Dy.
by
Professor Dr
Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
{Retd. Prof.of
Physics, SU, Kolhapur} 17-11-10, Narasimha Ashram,
Official Colony,
Maharanipeta.P.O. Visakhapatnam -530002,
Mobile No.
9491902867 and; 9542717723
Key Words: compositions, BaSO4 and CaSO4,
Dy dopant,
Gamma irradiation.
A B S T R A C T
The Infra Red spectra of
phosphor materials BaSO4 and
CaS04 doped with rare earth
material Dy at different percentages and compositions are obtained, by the
author, following the spirit of initial investigations made by Prof. K. R. Rao, mentioned in his D. Sc. Thesis Madras
University made during the years 1919-1924 at Vijayanagaram. In Dy spectrum,
emission lines at 475nm, 574nm are most intense. Tb and Dy are most effective
activators out of selected six rare-earths and to some extent Sm are good for
obtaining the TL spectrum in Ca2Mg(BO3)2. Dy dopant is essentially trivalent. Glow
Peaks in TL glow curves gamma irradiated 6.5E+03R Calcium Magnesium Borate
Phosphors with different dopants. The data of emission for Dy rare earth doping
phosphors is given explicitly. The Infra Red Spectra reported constitutes a
first report of its kind by the author of about 10 Phosphor Solid Samples.
+D.Sc.+(London)+at+AU+Physics+Department,++in+1961+20120707_313.JPG)
Prof K R Rao D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc(London) receiving the IR spectrometer at Andhra University, during the year 1961-1962 when the present author was a J R F in C S I R Scheme.
Refer below.
DETAILS
Refer below.
DETAILS
The phosphors investigated, by
me, at Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004 are enlisted below.
1 1. BaSO4 : Mn 5% : Dy 0.5%
2 2. BaSO4 : Mn 2%: Dy 0.5%
3 3. Ba
x SO4: Mn(1-x) : Dy x=0.2
4 4. Ba
x SO4: Mn(1-x) : Dy x=0.5
5 5. Ba
x SO4: Mn(1-x) : Dy x=0.1
6 6. Ca
x: SO4 (1-x) : Dy x=0.2
7 7. Ca
x: SO4 (1-x) : Dy x=0.4
8 8. Ca
x: SO4 (1-x) : Dy x=0.6
9 9. Ca
x: SO4 (1-x) : Dy x=0.8
1 10.
CaSO4 : Dy
100%: 0.5%
Skip 7 similar to 6 scan and as well 4.
The phosphor material exhibits the Infra Red
Spectra record and the data is reported for the samples listed as sample No. 1,
next Nos. 3, 2 with 4 skipped, next Nos.5, 6 and 8 with 7 and 9 skipped and
finally 10.
Dy Dopant Rare Earth
With my Ph. D. student (Late Mr. Dhayagude) at
Shivaji University, I have investigated
the rare earth Dy dopant for its Thermoluminescence Characteristics in the
matrix of Ca2Mg(BO3)2 lattice in n.m units.
Data EARLIER UNASSIGNED PRESENT(nm)
Oà
6H 15/2 - 339.0
L1 364.0
L2 416.6
L3 461.4
------------------------------------------------------
4F9/2
à
6H15/2 474.9
(6H11/2 à
6H15/2 ) 479.6
4F9/2
à
6H15/2 502.3
539.0
L4 557.5
L5 568.0
L6 570.0
------------------------------------------------------
4F9/2
à
6H13/2 -
I4 574 618.0
L5 - -
-------------------------------------------------------
4F9/2
à
6H11/2 657.4
-
I6 667.7
----------------------------------------------------
4F9/2 à
6H9/2 - 742.0
“
- 742.9
----------------------------------------------------
Page
185: Ph.D thesis submitted to Shivaji University,
by Late Dhayagude under the author in July 1984
by Late Dhayagude under the author in July 1984
In
Dy spectrum, emission lines at 475nm, 574nm are most intense. Tb and Dy are
most effective activators out of selected six rare-earths and to some extent Sm
are good for obtaining the TL spectrum in Ca2Mg(BO3)2. The Dy dopant is essentially trivalent.
Glow
Peaks in TL glow curves gamma irradiated 6.5E+03R Calcium Magnesium Borate Phosphors with different dopants. The
data for Dy is as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample
Dy Dopant Glow
Peak Intensities in units of `1E-07
Concentration % 150 0C 1800C 2800C 3750C
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D28 0.2 - 5.7 -
10
D29 0.5 - 4.0 3.3 9
D30 1.0 1.5 1.9 1.2
3.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(p.107 reference)
Main
feature is most intense peak at 4000C in case, of dopant Dy, in
other samples it was less weak. Dy replaces Ca position in Ca2Mg(BO3)2
and gives sensitive phosphors. Dy atomic number is 66 and ionic radius is
1.07Å.
GLOW PEAKS
2.++Photo0764.jpg)
Fig.F The Emmission spectrum of rare-earths
in Ca2Mg(BO3)2. Photo0764
Fig.G TL glow curve
after 6E+04 gamma irradiation Photo0765
GLOW PEAKS
Fig.F The Emmission spectrum of rare-earths
in Ca2Mg(BO3)2. Photo0764
Fig.G TL glow curve
after 6E+04 gamma irradiation Photo0765
CONCLUSIONS
The phosphor material exhibits the Infra Red
Spectra record and the data is reported for the samples listed as sample No. 1,
next Nos. 3, 2 with 4 skipped, next Nos. 5, 6 and 8 with 7 and 9 skipped and
finally No.10. Extensive data on Dy doped phosphor materials is reported herein
with the object of analyzing importance of it in Thermoluminescence studies.
Special Thanks
I am to thank the Vice-Chancellors of Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Viz., Barrister P. G. Patil, Shri Kanbarkar and Prof Bhogisayanam who have taken keen interest in my work and academic promotions. I was appointed during A G Pawar regime and Mrs Ithappe in 1966 on June 1st.
Special Thanks
I am to thank the Vice-Chancellors of Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Viz., Barrister P. G. Patil, Shri Kanbarkar and Prof Bhogisayanam who have taken keen interest in my work and academic promotions. I was appointed during A G Pawar regime and Mrs Ithappe in 1966 on June 1st.
PHOTOS AND DATA
Fig.1 IMG_1092 graph 1
Fig.5 IMG_1099 graph 1
Fig.2 IMG_1093 graph 3 and 2 skip 4
Fig. 6 IMG_1098 graph 3 and 2 skip 4
Fig.3 IMG_1094 graph 8, 6 and 5 skip 7 similar to 6
Fig. 7 IMG_1095 data of samples 5 6 8
Fig.4 IMG_1096 no 10 graph
Fig.8 IMG_1097 graph 10
Fig.5 IMG_1099 graph 1
Fig. 6 IMG_1098 graph 3 and 2 skip 4
Fig.3 IMG_1094 graph 8, 6 and 5 skip 7 similar to 6
Fig.4 IMG_1096 no 10 graph
Fig.8 IMG_1097 graph 10
====================================================
ADDENDUM
Special Note:
It is unfortunate the work carried out and reported in the D.Sc. Thesis of Madras University, was willfully neglected by the committee of Nobel Prize experts, during Prof K. R. Rao, stay in England in years 1927-1930, and that led to an unprecedented chaos and injustice willful made against him, who later continued at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam and successful in creating an Internationally famous Research and Investigation Laboratories.
Fig E Pages 11 and 12 etc of
Prof. K. R. Rao, D.Sc.Thesis (Madras)
Fig. 3 Thallium Absorption dated 1920 -1924
It is unfortunate the work carried out and reported in the D.Sc. Thesis of Madras University, was willfully neglected by the committee of Nobel Prize experts, during Prof K. R. Rao, stay in England in years 1927-1930, and that led to an unprecedented chaos and injustice willful made against him, who later continued at Andhra University, Visakhapatnam and successful in creating an Internationally famous Research and Investigation Laboratories.
Prof. K. R. Rao, D.Sc.Thesis (Madras)
Fig. 3 Thallium Absorption dated 1920 -1924
Infra
Red Research in 1919-1924
The
use of Infra Red phosphors in combination with photographic plates first used
by Prof K. R. Rao at his laboratories, were first excited by ultraviolet light,
and subsequent demise of the afterglow, the plates were placed in the
spectroscopy instruments. Absorption of Infra Red light by the phosphor causes
them to emit light in the visible region that was spectroscopically recorded
and analyzed by Prof. K. R. Rao. (Pages
11 and 12 of his D.Sc. Thesis of Madras University gives data on Infra Red and
Ultra Violet light.)
NOTE FROM Prof. K. R. Rao’s D.Sc.
Thesis of MADRAS UNIVERSITY:
“Specifically on Absorption in the
infra red:
It was thought it would be possible to explore
this region more thoroughly by an automatic device than by making personal
observations at different wave lengths, such a device was used in these
experiments for recording the Galavanometer deflections. This device consisted
of a falling plate camera in which the photographic plate was allowed to rise
vertically behind a narrow horizontal slit, on to which the reflected spot from
the Galvanometer was directly connected through a series of pulleys to the
shaft of a spring motor, used also to drum of the spectrometer. The speed of
the motor could be adjusted within wide limits and both the photographic plate
and the wave-length drum could be simultaneously started or stopped.
In
order to take the incident and transmitted Energy curves, the metal being kept
in vacuum and the beam of light allowed to pass through the tube, the incident
energy curve was first obtained and then the tube was heated about 8000
C and the transmitted energy curve was seen in the same region. As a result of
both visual observation and photographic examination it has been found that the
vapour does not show any selective absorption by the non-luminous vapour of the
metals. Page 12: Being forbidden by the selection Principle it did not appear
in Mohler and Ruark’s experiments at the proper extinction potential and in
these experiments remained unabsorbed by the non-luminous vapour. Unlike the
metals of Groups I and 1II, the resonance collision is not followed by the
emission of the corresponding single line spectrum. The 1.07 volt resonance
impact is therefore a peculiar type of collision which results, as pointed out
by Ruark, only in the production of a metastable form of Thallium in which the
existence of such collisions has not yet been found in the case of the other elements
of the Group by they can be easily predicted from the spectroscopic data.”
DATA THALLIUM ABSORPTION SPECTRUM
IN units of Å
Fig.3 of Prof K R Rao D.Sc. Thesis
Madras University.
(a) 3775.7; 3519.24; 3382.8;
3261;3220;
(b) 2767.87; 2722; 2580.14
(c) 2852.83;2843.27;2826.16; ↓ ;
2767.87;2722;2710;2580.14;
(d) 2379.59; 2315.93;
Research Students of Prof K R Rao at AU, Visakhapatnam
(1932 -1972)
(1932 -1972)
Research Students who
worked with Prof. K. R. Rao are to my knowledge are Prof. S. L. N. G.
Krishnamachari, Prof. V. R. Rao, Prof. C. Santhamma, later Prof. C. R. K.
Murthy, Dr. V. Nagarajan, B. Lakshmi narayana, Dr. Sobhanadhri, D V G L N and his wife Lalitha, (and score others whose names I don't remember) many of their students and others who obtained their doctorate
degrees from him of Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. What strikes me is that
Prof. K. R. Rao thoroughly examined and assessed every thesis submitted from
his laboratories.
It was only in 1961 Prof. K. R. Rao obtained a Infra Red Spectometer (See the photo enclosed).
It was only in 1961 Prof. K. R. Rao obtained a Infra Red Spectometer (See the photo enclosed).
REFERENCE
- Sunday, February
27, 2011, Prof. K R Rao On Infra Red Absorption
of Thallium Vapour 1920-1924 D.
Sc Thesis Madras University, trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com,
Volume 2011, Issue No.2,
Dt.27th February 2011: Time: 20:20:067, On the Infra Red absorption by
Thallium Metal Vapour D.Sc. Thesis data and its analysis, The 28th February 1928, POSTUMOUS
PUBLICATION, Prof Kotcherlakota Rangadhama
Rao, Andhra Scholar, Vizianagaram
Maharaja College, Research Centre of Madras University, Yrs.1920-1924,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
- Late Nagesh Swanand Dhayagude M.Sc, July 1984, submitted to Shivaji University, Ph. D Thesis under Dr. K.L.Narayana, “Some Investigations on Thermoluminescence Phenomenon And Other Associated Properties of Certain Rare-Earth Doped Borates”.
=====================================================
