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Volume 2016, Issue No .3a , Dated: 16 to 31 March 2016, Time: 11:02:49 AM

Dry Spell in South India, and 3C 273 Quasar by

Earth-Space telescope, Gravity Waves moved over Himalayas during 29-31 March.

Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,

(Retd. Prof. of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004)

Res: 17-11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony,

Maharanipeta. P. O., Visakhapatnam-530002, A.P. Mobile: 09491902867.

kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com

lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Erratic rain falls world over caused miserable plight of people for food and shelter. Worst are those migrating due to wars in Arab countries. Telangana, Rayalaseema, North Karnataka, Vidharba, Marathawada, Middle Maharashtra state recorded enhanced high temperatures of the season. With Maharashtra staring in the face of one of the biggest water crisis in recent decades. The wreckage of a ship from the fleet of the celebrated 16 century Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) has been discovered off the coast of Oman, archaeologists said on Tuesday. A discovery that included the recovery of an incredibly rare coin, many other items of immense value. The Esmeralda sank during a violent storm near al-Hallaniyah Island in the Indian Ocean in May 1503, On 23 March the sky observation programme has been held by me to observe the penumbra Lunar Eclipse from 6:52 PM to 7:24 PM and several interesting snap shots using the canon IXUS 130 camera and as well a Lumia camera were obtained. Tangmarg in Kashmir was under snow on Thursday 17 March 2016. Temperature dropped at J&K after snowfall and rain on 18 March 2016. It rained consecutive second day. Srinagar-Jammu high way closed as it was blocked by landslides. Gulmarg received seven inches of snow in 24 hours lost, (18 March). The Kashmir again was under snow on this year.

Heat-Waves are more frequent than last year. Pacific Ocean near Earth's equator the excess of 0.5 C results in El Nino. Presently it is about 1,5 C excess. Dry weather is also a reason of excess temperature. MARATHWADA DROUGHT report on 25 March 2016 reveals that only 5% water in Marathwada dams exist, as drought worsens ahead of summer season. Over 2300 water tankers in operation to supply water to Beed, Latur and Osmanabad districts.The system 3C 273 Quasar, which is 2 billion ly away, revealed a temperature hotter than 10 trillion degrees at the centre of Galaxy by a joint telescope on Earth and Space combination! It is a challenge, to know the physical processes at 100 billion degree. India and countries around it are covered by Gravity Waves on the 29 March 2016. Reflected in the clouds aloft over Himalayas spreading over neighbouring countries that eventually climbed down and in India moved over south on 31 March 2016.

Key Words: 3C 273 Quasar, 10 trillion Degrees Hot, Marathwada Heat Grip.

DETAILS
UPAMAKA THE KOTCHERLAKOTA DIVINE HILL
The two mothers termed as PEDDAVIDA and CHINNAVIDA, of the Kotcherlakota family are enshrined there as per the utmost presumption of Ramayamma (Died: 1927) and Peramma garu (1904-1971). The daughters Dr. Rama Leela, Dr. Vijaya Vani and Dr. Lalithakumari; (all from USA) of Prof K R Rao and Mrs. Peramma Garu, and their sons K. Amarnath (with his children) and present author visited the place on up the hill.

UPAMAKA worship place of Kotcherlakota family of

Prof K R Rao and Mrs. Peramma garu

Vaddadi family in Vaddadi Village nearby have the purohits of this sacred temple but now they discontinued and some other families are performing the daily pujas etc.

INDIA FIND

03.15 / 20:09 NEWS

INDIO

Fig.1 Among the stone shot, ceramics a bell and other debris,

divers discovered an incredibly rare silver coin called an Indio,

of which only one other is known to exist today.

The wreckage of a ship from the fleet of the celebrated 16 century Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) has been discovered off the coast of Oman, archaeologists said on Tuesday. National Geographic called the 500-year-old shipwreck the oldest ever found from the Europe's Golden Age of Exploration, a period when European nations sought to uncover global sea trade routes. Da Gama established the Indian trade route in 1498 when he sailed around Africa and through the India Ocean.The 500-year-old wreckage of Portuguese ship piloted by an uncle of explorer Vasco da Gama has been found off the coast of Oman, archaeologists said Tuesday, a discovery that included the recovery of an incredibly rare coin, many other items of immense value. The Esmeralda sank during a violent storm near al-Hallaniyah Island in the Indian Ocean in May 1503, killing commander Vicente Sodre and all those aboard.

ANDHRA & TELANGANA WEATHER

March 16. Till morning in Kurpalm 4 cm, Pedajajipalli 3 cm, Kmarad, Saluru, Terlam, Sultanbad 2cm rain occurred. In Anatapura 38.6 C and Kurnool 39.3 C temperature ware recorded. It was very warm in Visakhapatnam since last few days, almost a fortnight and the highest temperature recorded on 17 March 2016 was 41.5 C highest in India. Two to three degrees higher temperatures being recorded in several cities in AP and Telangana states.

KASHMIR SNOW

Fig.2 Tangmarg in Kashmir on Thursday 17 March 2016

WATER DWINDLED IN MAHARASTRA STATE

With Maharashtra staring in the face of one of the biggest water crisis in recent decades, a law and order problem has arisen in the parched Marathwada region, threatening to snowball into social conflict. Last week, the police were called in to deploy and organise tankers under their protection after furious residents of Dongargaon village refused water supply from their dam to nearby Latur city. Eleven villages, including Dongargaon, are denying the city water from the Dongargaon dam, justifying the move on grounds that their plight was no better. Eventually, a team of 25 water tankers, under the vigilant eye of the police were pressed into service to draw water from the dam and ferry it to Latur. In September last year, Latur’s residents received water supply barely once a month. With the ravages of indiscriminate urbanisation wreaking havoc with the groundwater table of Western Maharashtra, which traditionally receives heavy rainfall. In the 540-odd villages across 13 talukas in Pune district, the groundwater levels have alarmingly plummeted to 1 m, as per a recent report by the Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency (GSDA). In more than 100 of these villages showed depletion of the water groundwater level to more than 3 m. This acute water scarcity has stunted the growth of the Rabi crop with eight of the 12 Tehsils of Pune district reporting 40 per cent less than their normal sowing. The State Government’s intentions to divert water from Pune’s dams to parched areas like Latur mean imminent water cuts for the city’s residents, contrary to the Mayor’s assurances. The primary bone of contention in water disposition is the 6.77 TMC water left in the Bhama Askhed dam in Khed taluka in Pune district. The urban areas of Pune, Solapur and Daund, have staked claim on this precious stock of water, while the State Government has hinted that it might supply arid Latur and other parts of water-bereft Marathwada with this reserve stock.

J&K Temperatures

Temperature dropped at J&K after snowfall and rain on 18 March 2016. It rained consecutive second day. Srinagar-Jammu high way closed as it was blocked by landslides. Gulmarg received seven inches of snow in 24 hours lost, (18 March) Srinagar recorded 1.9 C, minimum and maximum at 4.3 C, which is 10 notches below normal. It recorded 28 mm rainfall in Pahalgam, 23.2 mm at Kokernag, 25.4 mm at Quazigund, and 14.2 mm at Kupwara. Next two days widespread rains would occur. Avalanche prone areas warned for today and tomorrow.

SUPER STARS IDENTIFIED IN R136 CLUSTER

Located in the Tarantula Nebula within Large Magellanic Cloud about 1.70,000 light years away nine monster stars with masses over 100 times the Sun identified. Luminous stars radiate in UV light outshine Sun by a factor of 30 million. These emerge from merger of less extreme stars in close binary systems. Frequency of massive mergers to account for massive stars is debatable.

Morung Express : New Delhi, March 18

Persistent rain and hail storms could potentially forcing the world's second-biggest producer to import the grain 2016, when the new marketing year begins, down 22 percent from a year.

ANDHRA & TELANGANA

Coast bewildering with ocean ups and downs fishermen advised to be away from venturing into the sea at Visakhapatnam on the 18 March 2016. Sunstrokes due to heatwaves engulfing the cities. Last year around 2000 people died. This year Sun would be more intense. Telangana and Andhra are just boiling with rise in temperature during the last four days report Dt.18 March. Friday 18 March, Anantpur 41.5 C, Kurnool 41.2 C , Nizamabad 40.5 C, Nandigamma 39 C recorded. Telangana, Rayalseema, North Karnataka, Vidharbha, Marathwada, Middle Maharashtra states recorded enhanced high temperatures of the season. Heatwaves bulletins would be released.

SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT HAIL STONES

Hailstones storm resulted in Srikakulam Bhamini, Hiramandal had loss of Cashew crop, Tomato, Banana, and got struck Cabbage. Several places the animal sheds, several shop top shields, were blown away. At Bhamini Mandal Singadi-AB road huge tree fallen on the road upsetting the traffic flow. PHC electric lines have fallen down. Gummalakshmipuram, Kurapam and Giyyammavalasa heavy rain occurred in the Friday night. Gale winds in Kurapam Mandal Valasabaneru and Tulasi villages blown off the top covering sheets of houses. Gummalakshmipuram had 2 cm rain. In giyyammavalasa Chintala belgam, Snganapuram, Venkatarajapuram and Peddabuddidi villages great loss of Banana fruit crop occurred.

Srinagar

Fig.3 Srinagar full of snow on Saturday 20 March 2016.

An Indian Army soldier was struck by an avalanche triggered by a mild earthquake that hit a post in J&K Kargil sector at 22.45 hours on 17 March 2016. Two swept away by an avalanche at an altitude 17,500 feet. One rescued is recovering. Adverse weather conditions preventing the other to be located. Snow fall continues in Kashmir including Gulmarg for the third consecutive days on Saturday 19 March. Land slides occurred at two places at Batote-Doda NH. Pahalgam received 39.8 mm while Kokernag recorded 53.2 mm of rainfall.

19 March 2016

On the 19 March 2016, Rayalaseema in AP is burning hot with temperatures soaring to 43 C in Anatapur and Badhrachalam. In Kurnool 42 C, Hyderabad 41.2 C, Nizamabad 40 C, Ramgundem, Nandigama, 40 C, Gannavaram 39 C recorded. On Monday 21 March 2016, mercury soared above normal by six degrees in AP, Telangana, with Ananatpur and Nandigamma 43 C, Kurnool, Tirupati and Vijayawada 42.1 C, Visakhapatnam 37 C, Gannavaram 42.4 C, Nizamabad 40.4 C, Ramgundam 40 C, Hyderabad 39 C, Ongole 39.5 C, with minimum temperatures Machillipatnam and Tuni 41 C, deviation of 6 degrees in day temperatures, Minimum increased by 2-5 C in many areas, Kurnool, and Kadapa recorded highest minimum temperatures of 29 C. Lost six days temperatures in Visakhapatnam soaring to new highs. Sweltering heat takes toll on students at examination centres. Students in Vijayanagaram made to write the exams on the open verandas in scorching Sun.

The sun stroke killed 15 people in AP. Nalgonda Zillah about 8 people lost life. Medak, Khammam, Palamuru, Kurnool, Vijayanagaram, and Ananatpur deaths due to heat wave occurred and two died in the sleep in the night after day’s work in fields.

Heatwaves blowing Nizamabad, Medak, Karimnagar, Hyderabad, Prakasam, Nellore, Rangareddi, Nalgonda, Khammam, Mahabubhanagar, Godavari, West Krishna, Guntur, and Warangle on Monday 21 March 2016.

SHOCK WAVES ON SMALLER STARS

Astronomers see supernova shockwave for first time: ABC Science::22 March 2016: 12:42 AM: They spotted the shockwave around the smaller of the two stars — a red supergiant over 270 times the radius of the Sun and 750 million light years away. As the star ran out of fuel it began collapsing and compressing on its central core.

MARCH 22, 2016

Heatwaves for another two days would occur in AP. Godavari Zillah to Nellore and in Telangana Medak, Rangareddi, Mahbabunagar, Adilabad, Nalgonda, and in Kammam, heatwaves sustained on March 22. Anantpur, Kurnool recorded 43 C, Nandigamma 42 C, Hyderabad, Nizmbad, Ramgundem 41 C. Jangameshwaram 41 C, Nellore and Gannavaram 40 C. In two days in Hyderabad recorded two degrees excess. Monday 21 March, 39 C but on Tuesday it was 41 C in Hyderabad. On Tuesday 13 died, about 9 in AP and 4 in Telangana.

Fig.4 The Newspaper clipping of 22 March 2016

with only Kerala state graced by showers.

In AP, Karnataka and Telangana, the interior parts of Tamil Nadu experiencing temperatures of the order of 40 C, at just the beginning of the summer. Gulbarga known as Kalaburagi hit a 44.7 C, and one third of the districts in Karnataka have witnessed above 40 C. Ananatpur and Nanidigamma in AP, Khammam in Telangana registered 43 C. Hyderabad 41.2 C, Bhubaneswar recorded 42.2 C, and interior parts of Tamil Nadu like Salem and Karur touched 40 C while Vellore touched 41.1 C. Experts feel that that the movement of dry westerly winds and the western disturbances have blocked the cool north-westerly wind that made the AP, Telangana and Karnataka as hot. The radiation of the Sun is more due to the absence of clouds. Above normal temperatures due to the clear sky and it is not due to equinox.

23 March 2016

The sun is mild today at Visakhapatnam and we havn't felt so intense heat of the Sun and the wind from the ceiling fan blowing is not hot at all. The last five days it was invariably hot. The RED glaring Sun in the evening was a great spectacle and the author found at Visakhapatnam, Kailasanagar, the clouds have obstructed the full blown SUN in the evening and dispersed lot of the RED colour of the setting Sun. It was a very enchanting sight since last few days there were no clouds atoll covering the Visakhapatnam sky.

Fig.5 IMG_4402.JPG at 17:59PMon 23 march 2016

Fig.6 IMG_4403.JPG eve of 23 March 2016

Fig.7 IMG_4404.JPG at the Muralinagar House

on 23 March 2016

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse on 23 March 2016 from 6:52 PM to 7:24 PM observation:

Fig.8 1. WP_20160323_18_52_57_Pro.jpg

Fig.9 2. WP_20160323_18_59_44_Pro.jpg

Fig.10 3. WP_20160323_19_13_18_Pro.jpg

Fig.11 4. WP_20160323_19_13_29_Pro.jpg

Fig.12 5. WP_20160323_19_24_33_Pro.jpg

A sky observation programme has been held by me on 23 March 2016, evening to observe the penumbra Lunar Eclipse from 6:52 PM to 7:24 PM and several interesting snap shots using the canon IXUS 130 camera and as well a Lumia camera were obtained.

OCEAN ROLLED BACK

SAGARNAGAR: Rushikonda beach on Wednesday 23 March moved back exposing several rocks with the covered Nachu (green spread) and appeared like a green carpet (thivachi0. People took Holi bath easily on FULL MOON day.

Fig.13 The exposed beach at Rushikonda in Visakhapatnam

with the rocks covered with Nachu on Full Moon Day allowing people

to take bath in the Ocean waters on the Holi Day 23 March 2016.

WAITING EIGHT HOURS FOR PRECIOUS POT OF WATER

Fig.14 The Water scarcity in Latur.

Children bunked school to help parents to collect water supplied, once in eight days, about 200 litres, to upkeep a family. Latur in Maharashtra state was worst affected this year, in spite 16 lorry loads transported water. Rich people some how manage but the public of this 5 lakh people suffer a lot. Draught is running over months here. Nation's attention is unable to solve the problem!.

March 24, 2016

Sunstroke killed ten people in Nellore and Kadapa on Wednesday, 23 March 2016. Gales from the Sea allowed formation of clouds in Visakhapatnam on Wednesday morning so temperatures fallen down by one to two degrees less. In Nallamalla forest area, all the streams and small flows dried up, with 42 C, and in Rudravaram subdivision many wild animals died due to absence of drinking water and excessive heat. Dry weather would continue for another two to three days. Compared to five years data reveals excess heat this summer, in Telangana and AP. The heat-waves would continue in Telangana for another two days. This year Heat-Waves are more frequent than last year.

Pacific ocean near Earth's equator the excess of 0.5 C results in El Nino. Presently it is about 1.5 C excess. Dry weather is also a reason of excess temperature.

EIGHT CRORE PEOPLE INDIA

Deprived of safe drinking water about 75,777,997 people in India according to WaterAid, and the country registers about 1.4 lakh child deaths annually due to diarrhoea. It tops China, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Congo. WHO specifies 50 litres of water per person per day. Open defecation the number stood at 564 million in 2015, of which 524 million live in rural areas, main cause of infections spread that effects the children mostly.

LATUR MAHARASHTRA

Latur big dry for four years, is seen as an ecological disaster, and all the workers left the city and people are seeking water supplied once in eight days for survival. Ground water fallen from 63 ft in 1974-75 now it went down to 800-900 ft below. Between June and October last year it received 398mm rain, normal being 455-755 mm. 50,000 bore wells across 6-7 sq. km have dried up.

ANDHRA PRADESH

In Macherla, Narasaraopeta, Sattenpalle, Gurazala, Vinukonda and Chilakaluripet village tanks are all dry. KRMB decides to release 4.5 tmc ft from Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir, but not more than 3.5tmc ft would reach since 1tmc ft goes waste through evaporation and seepage losses. Not seen the situation turn so bad in the last 15 years feels a person from Vinukonda. Both Prakasam and Guntur facing water problem. Mercury soared new highs. Release from Nagarjuna Sagar doesn’t meet needs of Guntur and Prakasam districts. Scorching heat claimed nine lives in two Telugu states on Thursday, 24 March. About 20 students attended a coaching centre at Kodiginahalli in Parigiri mandal in Anantapur district were hospitalized, due to dehydration and giddiness and one of them died, district administration closed down the centre.

MARATHWADA DROUGHT report on 25 March 2016.

Only 5% water in Marathwada dams as drought worsens ahead of summer season. Over 2300 water tankers in operation to supply water to Beed, Latur and Osmanabad districts. Water tank trains arranged for Latur ferrying water from the Ujani Dam to Latur. Wednesday 23 March 2016 report.

TAMIL NADU HISTORY

Untold story of TN uprisings in Palayakkarar extension of Vijayanagar rule (during 1750-1857) in a collection of papers by CPR Institute of Indological Research, presented during a national seminar in 2015.The poligar revolts 1798-1805, and the Vellore revolt of 1806 involved several forts said a scholar Balaji a contributor to the book. Kattabomman’s Panchalakuruchi Fort 500 feet long and 300 feet wide built with mud, destroyed by Major Bannerman with the villagers easily driven away. In 1730AD Veera Mangal Velunachiyar, born to Sellamuthu Sethupathy and Sakandhimuthal of Ramnad Kingdom, was the first queen who raised the banner of revolt against the English before Jansi Rani of North India.

27 March 2016

For two days 26 and 27 March the dry weather prevails in Andhra and Telangana, with temperatures by about two degrees less. Heat Waves affecting the Rice, Maize, and other crops and withering away. On Friday 25 March, the weather was very hot and dry. Rayalaseema and Telangana facing severe summer weather last two days compared to Andhra.

VISAKHAPATNAM COAST MIGHT DISAPPEAR

Fig.15 The Beach Coast of Visakhapatnam

Ocean level in Visakhapatnam increases by about one to one and half meter height it would destroy the entire beach coast. Krishna and Godavari may be filled with salt water upsurge in future. Ocean levels might raise to seven meters i.e., about 23 feet causing disappearance of several countries by 2300. The 976 meters coastal line in India about 400 meters would be subjected to the cut. Airport in Vzag is only 3 meters high. One town is only 3 meters high. MVP colony, and Lawason Bay colony are only 5 meters high. One meter raise would destroy 490 hectares submerged in sea water. Port, HPLC, Cormandal, BPC, IOC plant, Shipyard, and other land marks and factories survival would be difficult. Jalaripeta, and Appughar areas would be submerged and salt water would accumulate into the interior of Earth.

VISAKHAPATNAM 18 March 2016

V K Lakshmi Gayatri reports Visakhapatnam is no more a summer paradise, with mercury touching 35 C it was sizzling. Hudhud cyclone in 2014, divested big trees and none have grown up now and mostly withered away dead. Araku, Lambasingha, Paderu, Ananthagiri and Hukumpeta have no much variation in weather pattern. Even in the evenings there was no cool wind. Weather is very dry and hot. The real summer is yet to set in. Many tourists return with tired limbs. Temperatures touching 34/35 C, has become common.

WATER PROBLEM

Koilsagar farmers on warpath for water with withering crops on one side and the thirst of lakhs of people on the other. Severe water situation in Mahbubnagar. Forcibly opened valves of Koilsagar project (designed for 50,000 acres now provides only 12,000 acres), to get water in their fields. Currently water level stood at 12ft, and level up to 3feet would be enough to meet the drinking water needs.

The greater Hyderabad requires 550-600 MFD per day. Only 365 MGD is being supplied currently. With nearly one lakh bore-wells went dry. The water shortage would be more acute this summer as water levels plummet.

UV RADIATION

UV Radiation Index very high in TS, right now it stands at 12(high-risk) compared with last year’s March reading at 9. Polymorphic light eruptions, actinic dermatitis and sunburn are some of the effects due to UV rays. Maximum risk is from 12 noon to 3 PM and people should drink lot of fruit juices. UV indices are not available for several cities in the states of Andhra and Telangana.

SCHOOL KIDS MIDDAY MEALS

Dt. 26 March 2016: School kids to get Midday Meals during vacation too, says Bengaluru administration, in 136 talukas, on all seven days, in a week, including Sundays. Department spending 90 crore on their own initiative. School teacher should ensure that at least 70% kids have food in summer. Vacation is from April 11 to May 31. About 27 lakh children in drought-hit talukas in the state will benefit from this move.

SUNDAY 27 March 2016

The army on Saturday 26 March, located the body of rifleman Sunil Rai who went missing after an avalanche hit a patrol party in Ladahk’s Tirruk area on Friday morning and another soldier Lance Havildar Bhawan Tamang too died in the avalanche.
Another two workers died while repairing the fallen debris of avalanche on to the road, hit by a sudden avalanche on the 28 March.

VOLCANO ERUPTION
  Volcano erupted on Sunday 27 March , that led tremors on the ground, in Alaska Aleutian islands sends ash 20,000 feet height into the air. The Paylof Volcano which is about 965 km south-west of Anchorage erupted on Sunday 27 March after noon.

30 MARCH 2016
  The Alaska Volcano Observatory says minor amounts of volcanic ash from Pavlof Volcano are being reported on the ground by several Alaska communities. The most significant fallout was in Nelson Lagoon. Residents in the village of 39 about 55 miles northeast of the volcano reported one-eighth to two-thirds of an inch of ash. The Pavlof eruption began Sunday afternoon and continued for about 17 hours. Volcanic ash can harm eyes and breathing passages. Trace amounts of ash were reported in Dillingham, a Bristol Bay fishing community. it may have descended with light rainfall. A pilot on the ground in Port Heiden on the Alaska Peninsula also reported seeing traces of ash.

WATER CRISIS IN MARATHWADA: seven dams empty.

Water crisis in Marathwada worsens as 7 dams dry up, including the Asia’s largest earthen dam Jaikwadi in Aurangabad has come down to zero level. Lifting water from dead stock will not lost longer. The dams are Jaikwadi earthen dam, Majalgaon, Manjara, Lower Terna, Manar, Siddeswara and Sina Kolegaon. Last year stock was 18%, while on March 25 this year it was only 5%.

LUNAR TIDES DEATH OF WHALES AND DOLPHINS

Lunar tides beaching whales and dolphins in Worli, as manmade pollution continues. Both the new moon and full moon phase receding tides in the region with a total of 13 deaths of whales reported in past one year. More than 70 unreported deaths of marine mammals washed ashore at remote shores. It happening over decdes and people using phone cameras are able to now record the deaths.

CAMBODIA: RETURN OF GOD RAMA STATUE
Cambodia was once home to the mighty Khmer Empire, a Hindu-Buddhist dynasty that built what were then some of the world's mightiest cities and temples, including the famous Angkor Wat complex. But decades of French colonialism and civil war saw vast swathes of Cambodia's architectural and religious heritage looted and sold overseas.

Sunstroke
Sunstroke killed seven people in Chittoor and Kurnool districts on Monday, 28 March.

Monday 28 March 2016: WINDS IN AP

The confluence of north-westerly winds from Vidarbha, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh blowing clock-wise fashion in coastal region and southerly winds which come from the Bay of Bengal blow in anti-clockwise direction would result in thunderstorms in next few days. {News Mach 28, 2016}. This results in the formation of cumulonimbus clouds and thunder storms in AP.

Monday 28 March 2016: LONDON

High winds battered Britain and western France Monday, wreaking havoc with flight schedules, ferry transport across the English Channel and closing the Port of Dover. Passengers reported frightening attempts to land at London's airports in extreme high winds as Storm Katie caused some 130 flights at Gatwick and Heathrow airports to be diverted or cancelled. The Port of Dover was closed by the winds and rough seas Monday morning and ferry services linking France and Britain were suspended. The port has since reopened but ferry companies are reporting delays as vessels are slowed by heavy weather. Roughly 100,000 homes in Britain have been left without power as winds of up to 106 mph (170 kph) hit parts of the country. France's meteorological service warned of a "very unsettled" situation, issuing wind or wave alerts for 10 coastal areas and warning of gusts of up to 140 kph (85 mph) in exposed coastal areas.

GRAVITY WAVES around India

Fig.16 India and countries around it are covered by Gravity Waves

depicting the loss of heavy rains on the 30 March 2016. Unique photo!

over Himalayas Mountain range also.

India and countries around it are covered by Gravity Waves on the 29 March 2016. Reflected in the clouds aloft over Himalayas spreading over neighbouring countries that eventually climbed down and in India moved over south on 31 March 2016.

HEAT WAVES IN SOUTH INDIA 29 MARCH 2016
Heatwave like conditions are prevailing in Telangana, North Interior Karnataka, Marathwada and parts of South-west Madhya Pradesh. Temperatures here are about 3°C above normal in lower forties. Harsh summer-like days refuse to vacate parts of Maharashtra where mercury has persistently remained 40°C and above since last one week. While mercury is marching towards record high temperatures in several places of this western state, Malegaon is currently reeling under heat wave.

March 30, 2016

Defence Minister, at the launch of the first Indigenous Composites Sonar Dome at Defexpo-16 in Goa on Tuesday. India's first indigenous composites sonar dome, a ship's underwater eyes and ears, was today flagged off by Defence Minister, from here to be delivered to Mazgaon docks in Mumbai. All anti-submarine warfare (ASW) ships have a sonar array fitted to the ship structure below the waterline. The sonar functions as the ship's underwater eyes and ears.The sonar dome is a structure fitted over the sonar array so that its electronics and sensors are not exposed to surrounding hostile environment and has to be structurally sound as well as acoustically transparent.

SUNKEN ISLANDS

The first island to have been claimed by the rising seas was Lohachara island in the delta region of the Sundarbans – where the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra meet and empty out into the Bay of Bengal. Once home to 10,000 people, this Indian island was only found to be missing in 2006, when researchers saw that it had vanished from satellite images. If the sea level rises by even 3ft, the Maldives will be submerged. Venice continues to sink, at an average of 1-2 mm every year. The Arctic tundra, home to Arctic foxes, polar bears, musk oxen, caribou, snow geese, Gray wolves and a ariety of wildlife, has warmed almost twice as fast as the rest of the world.

DENSE MINERALS OF EARTH’S CRUST

The last of a group of dense minerals that make up much of Earth’s crust and upper mantle has been found tucked inside a meteorite that slammed into Australia 135 years ago. The newly discovered mineral, a variety of "Majorite", is potentially abundant in sinking tectonic plates and could help illuminate the behaviour of the deep Earth, its discoverers say. Each identical component of this mineral contains 32 magnesium atoms, 32 silicon atoms and 96 oxygen atoms arranged in a distorted cube. Natural samples of MgSiO₃tetragonal garnet, the mineral’s scientific moniker, had eluded scientists since the mineral was first artificially produced in 1985.

NEW PEROVSKITE PHOTON RECYCLING

Scientists have discovered that a highly promising group of materials known as hybrid lead halide perovskites can recycle light – a finding that they believe could lead to large gains in the efficiency of solar cells. Hybrid lead halide perovskites are a particular group of synthetic materials which have been the subject of intensive scientific research, as they appear to promise a revolution in the field of solar energy. As well as being cheap and easy to produce, perovskite solar cells have, in the space of a few years, become almost as energy-efficient as silicon – the material currently used in most household solar panels. By showing that they can also be optimised to recycle light, the new study suggests that this could just be the beginning. Solar cells work by absorbing photons from the sun to create electrical charges, but the process also works in reverse, because when the electrical charges recombine, they can create a photon. The research shows that perovskite cells have the extra ability to re-absorb these regenerated photons – a process known as “photon recycling”. This creates a concentration effect inside the cell, as if a lens has been used to focus lots of light in a single spot. Lead-halide perovskites have emerged as high-performance photovoltaic materials. We mapped the propagation of photo-generated luminescence and charges from a local photo-excitation spot in thin films of lead tri-iodide perovskites. We observed light emission at distances of ≥50 micrometers and found that the peak of the internal photon spectrum red-shifts from 765 to ≥800 nanometers. We used a lateral-contact solar cell with selective electron- and hole-collecting contacts and observed that charge extraction for photo-excitation >50 micrometers away from the contacts arose from repeated recycling between photons and electron-hole pairs. Thus, energy transport is not limited by diffusive charge transport but can occur over long distances through multiple absorption-diffusion-emission events. This process creates high excitation densities within the perovskite layer and allows high open-circuit voltages.

31 March 2016
The Western Disturbance is presently marked over Jammu and Kashmir and adjoining region. Another Western Disturbance is approaching Western Himalayas. Its induced cyclonic circulation is seen over central Pakistan and adjoining areas. An upper air cyclonic circulation is seen over North Odisha and adjoining Jharkhand. Another trough is running from South Chhattisgarh up to North Interior Karnataka across Vidarbha and Marathwada.

A trough is seen over South-west Bay of Bengal off the Sri Lanka coast.

31 March 2016

NEW PHYSICS AT SUPER MASSIVE BLACK HOLE.

Earth-Space telescope system with highest resolution helped unveil hot Quasar 3C 273, 2 billion ly away from Earth, propels jets, nearly at speed of light, in the Milky Way. These jets emit Radio Waves. The Radio-Telescope has 160,934 km across helps to study new physics. The system revealed a temperature hotter than 10 trillion degrees at the centre of Galaxy! It is a challenge, to know the physical processes at 100 billion degrees. Radio-Astron project scientist said result is a significant challenge to current understanding of Quasars. Pub. Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Rivers turn to dust as drought bites Somalia: AFP: March 31, 2016

Mogadishu (AFP) - Somalia's bread basket has become a dust bowl as the life-giving waters of the mighty Shabelle river run dry amid intense drought in the war-torn country.

March 31, 2016: Oklahoma storm-packing tornadoes injure seven, damage buildings: Several tornadoes were reported in northern Oklahoma late on Wednesday, with heavy winds blowing down power lines, damaging structures and injuring at least seven people, regional officials said. A storm system packing thunderstorms, hail, and possible twisters was moving across the Central and Southern Plains overnight,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author is indebted to Late Prof K R Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) for his advice, guidance and direction, in the author’s work. In his childhood Prof K R Rao, he remembered to have walked almost four miles to meet, the Sea at Visakhapatnam. (1909).