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Volume 2012, Issue No.10, Dt.1st October 2012 Time: 5h37mP.M

Astronomy, Gravity disturbances,

Weather Scenario at Visakhapatnam and other features during

First Fortnight of October 2012

by

Professor Dr Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana

{Retd. Prof. of Phys, SU, Kolhapur} 17-11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony,

Maharanipeta. P. O, Visakhapatnam -530002. Mobile No: +919491902867

ABSTRACT

         Prof. K. R. Rao’s D.Sc. Thesis (Madras) of the year 1924, gives the details of Optical Spectra and his subtle views are a fill up for the Optical Communications by Optical Computers. The idea of sub regions in Spectra a field of research investigations made joyfully, by Prof K R Rao  of the years 1920- 1924, does indeed has opened up new fields and Vistas of knowledge of Quantum Computer Technologies nearly  after 100 years of his prime investigations. He made these finding with his modest living, a scholarly life of devotion and respect at Berhampur, Visakhapatnam and Vijayanagram in India during the said years of  his life.

              Nobel 2012 findings are: 1. Optical Clock measure difference in the passage of time, when the clock’s speed changed by less than 10 meters per second, or when gravity is altered because of difference in height shift of only 30cms. The measure of phase shift enables the decision of presence or absence of a photon in the cavity. With no photon no phase shift.  2. Analysis of the code that revealed that receptor consists of seven long and fatty (hydrophobic) spiral strings- known as helices with the receptor winding back and forth through the cell wall seven times, just like the light receptor rhodopsin in the retina of the eye. 3. Cells might be specialized to do one thing they have potential to do something else. Skin cells transformed to brain cells as well.

                       On Mahatma Gandhi Jayanthi, 2 October 2012, it has been continuously raining heavily in Visakhapatnam and continued in the night until next morning 9A.M. It lasted until 4 October 2012. Perhaps the phenomenon is associated with the occurrence of a major Earthquake in Japan sequel to Gravity disturbances.  Guramvampeta, Visakha Zillah Thandava River and E. Godavari Eluru Riverbed areas gave evidence of the explosive volcanic eruption material of rocky specs and glassy material thrown away preserved over the quaternary years.

             During the last 30years it is the first time the rays of Sun fallen on 1 October 2012, on the Sun Idol that lasted for about five minutes, expressed the Main Priest Ippali Sankar Sarma  of the Sun Temple in Arasuvalli  AP state of India.

           The forest and the vegetative areas of AP occupied by thermal projects prevent the land for the bird sanctuaries. The Mada forests extend from Srikakulam to Krishna Zillah and they are to disappear soon, a great resource of Medicinal Plants. The scented rice grown in Odisha and Kerala is 60-70 years old. Several hectares of land cheaply available in Africa adopted for Mechanized Cultivation.

INTRODUCTION

On Mahatma Gandhi Jayanthi  2 October 2012, it has been continuously raining heavily in Visakhapatnam and continued in the night until next morning 9A.M. Sun light favored the 5 October 2012 in Visakhapatnam after the incessant rains of the five days following 30 September 2012.

NOBILITY TO AWAIT 2012

Medicine: It is like rebooting the computer, changing the cell from running the collection of Genes that make a skin cell into using another set that makes it a stem cell. Cells might be specialized to do one thing they have potential to do something else. Skin cells transformed to brain cells as well.

Chemistry: An image of receptor at the very moment when it transfers the signal from the hormone on the outside of the cell to the G-protein on the inside of the cell obtained. Kobika and Lefkowitz began to analyze the code that revealed that receptor consists of seven long and fatty (hydrophobic) spiral strings- known as helices with the receptor winding back and forth through the cell wall seven times, just like the light receptor rhodopsin in the retina of the eye.

Physics: Serge Haroche found we may use Rydberg atom that has a radius of 125nM typically 1000times larger than atoms, to both control and measure photon in the cavity. The Rydberg atoms sent one by one at chosen speed, so that an interaction with microwave photon occurs in a well-controlled manner. It traverses and exist the cavity creating a change in the quantum state of the atom. As a wave the peaks and dips change become shifted. The measure of phase shift enables the decision of presence or absence of a photon in the cavity. With no photon no phase shift. A single photon measured without destroying it!

David Winland group used two ions in a trap one as the clock, the other as used to read it without destroying its state or causing it to miss a tick. The precision of Optical Clock is better than one part in 10^17. The minute variations of gravity, the fabric of space-time, measured with such a precision. Optical Clock measure difference in the passage of time, when the clock’s speed  changed by less than 10 meters per second, or when gravity is altered because of difference in height shift of only 30cms.

======================================================

         Prof. K. R. Rao’s  D.Sc. ( Madras) Thesis

         1924 year, extracts on Optical Spectra:

         The present account

contains reults of series obtained in the case of doubly

and trebly ionised atoms characterised by 9-fold and

16-fold value of the Rydberg Constant. Evidence that a

system of series represents a particular stage of ionisation

may generally be obtained by the value of the series

constant for the system in question.

Relativity laws applied to Optical Spectra:-A bold

incursion into the region of optics has recently been

initiated by Millikan and Brown 40 from the side of

Rontgen spectra. With the development of hot spark

Spectroscopy which they brought out, they were able to

Obtain for comparisons in the optical region a long series

Of atoms of varying nuclear charge out of like electronic

Structure and found that such series follow the

Relativity laws of X-ray doublets quite as well in the

Page 44

field of optics as in the field of X-rays.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

*Recent work of Beals on Series in the Arc Spectra of

  Palladium  and Copper( Proc. Roy. Soc(Lond) A.Vol. 109,

  p.369 1925 &  Vol.111, p168,1926) in the Imperial College of

  Science, South Kensington, is of particular interest in this

  Connection

---------------------------------------------

Prof K R Rao D. Sc. Thesis  1924, Madras University,

On the range from X-ray to Optical Spectra:

From values of  Dn known from a series of

atoms, ‘s’ is calculated and found to vary in a very

nearly linear manner so that for a new Z, Dn can be

obtained from the extrapolated value of s.

The acceptance of this law as being really

applicable to optical fields and that the mechanism

with speed, involves, serious as Millikan himself

fully expounded, serious difficulties 41. Principally, these

results have created a dilemma, for the laws are

found to be valid, throughout the range from X-ray to

Optical Spectra while for the doublets in the two fields,

X-ray doublets are explained as due to the different

shapes of orbits, involving differences in screening and

multiple energy levels are ascribed to differences in

orientation of orbits of the series electron with respect

Page 46

to the atomic residue. Millikan and Bowen suggested

as a way out of the dilemma that orientation differences

lead to formulae (though the method of deriving these is

yet unknown) of practically identical type with those

derived from relativity.

         An early different attempt to solve the

difficulty has been made recently by Uhlenbeck and

Goudsmit ⁴² who find that the assumption, that every

electron in the Universe spins with one unit of angular

momentum either right-handedly or left-handedly’,

yields a formula of exactly right the same form as does

the relativity cause. Besides solving the dilemma ,

the assumption constitutes a fundamental advance

in our understanding of the nature of electron.

and as Millikan says “the physics of the future bids

fair to hear much of the spinning electron”.

        Whatever the theoretical difficulties, the

quantitative success of the application of these laws is

somewhat surprising. The method has surely led to

the successful analysis of the principal feature of a

large number of Spectra and it is set forth in detail

here as it has been found to be of great value in

the detection of the regularities in the spectra dealt with here,

particularly in the spectrum of Sn IV which

is the subject of Part III.

………………

Mention here be made of one of the

Interesting relation theoretically deduced by

Hartree 43 in the case of the optical spectra of atoms

which are similarly constituted- i.e. of the type

Na I, Mg II, Al III etc. The orbits of an atom have

been divided into two electrons, consisting of those

which remain always outside the core and those

which penetrate into it. He has shown that, for

Page 49

which penetrate the core, the reciprocal of the

Quantum defect should be approximately linear in

the atomic number Z, in the case of these similarly

constituted atoms. i.e.

                                1/q = b( Z- r’)

b and r’ being constants. This result may be

used in a simple manner for extrapolation into

new spectra and arriving at the approximate values

of their terms or the positions of individual series lines.

==========================================================

Prof. K. R. Rao’s D.Sc. (Madras) Thesis 1924 year, extracts on Optical Spectra reveal the extreme modesty and submission to the authorities and the ruling government of those times and extreme carefulness, he maintained, not to offend the ruling members of the country and outspoken masters of fame and manipulation. Nevertheless, his ambition shows the desire to pursue higher studies in Science & Technology and utmost modesty and determination to achieve his academic goals. The study and the conditions in which he pursued the studies and the outstanding achievements he crowned, do indeed reflects his forbearance and devotion to the subject of his academic pursuit.

==============================================================

DETAILS AND FINDINGS

The unusual rain interminantly but considerably heavy have lashed Visakhapatnam the whole day on 1 October 2012, which continued from 30 October 2012. The Fig.1 gives the rapid flow of the rainy clouds underneath the main clouds up above. The two-tier movement of clouds, a slower one up in the sky and the other a faster one in Visakhapatnam sky is very fascinating. The dual cloud formation is a significant observation. Perhaps the phenomenon is associated with the occurrence of a major Earthquake in Japan sequel to Gravity disturbances. Continues rain in the night of 2 October 2012 has left many places inundated. For the last five days before 12 October 2012, the weather in Visakhapatnam was full of clouds and with very little sunshine.

The sudden rain on the morning of Friday October 12, 2012 at Visakhapatnam lasted from 1h10A.M to almost 5.A.M with very big thunders and lightning’s, a heavy shower that kept the concrete footpath considerably wet in the early hours up to 8A.M. The rain shower during the nights of 12 and 13 October 2012 is highly amazing in the sense that the lightning and thunderbolts was less on the 13 instant though it rained throughout the night from 8h30m P.M to morning 5h A.M.

The fascinating rain shower in the midday of 14 October 2012, with both the rain and the Sunshine has enchanted people around 11 A.M to about 12 A.M. See the Fig.6 for the snaps taken.

SUN RAYS

The Sun Rays have fallen on the Idol at Arasuvalli (Andhra Pradesh) on the Sun God on the Monday 1 October 2012 at around 6h03m A.M. It lasted nearly five minutes with the splendid display. It appeared in Golden Color. During the last 30years this is the first time the rays lasted for five minutes, on the idol expressed the Main Priest Ippali Sankar Sarma. The rays that touched the feet went up to the Decoration on the Head. Astronomically when there is a change from Uttarayana to Dakshinayana this would happen. This place chosen by worshippers (Astronomers) in India, to view the positional observation of Sun, from other places, as well is not clear. The other place of choice in India for Astronomy studies was the Ujjain town and a daytime fixing axis may be with Gold drawn there undoubtedly.

A SUGESTION BY THE PRESENT AUTHOR

The easiest way to analyze is to note the Latitude and Longitude of the several Places in India of the Sun Temples and submit Ph. D. theses to several of multitude of Universities growing in India. Any interested researcher can take up this as a research problem in Astronomy, Geography and etc branches of Science and Technology. It would be a great contribution to Ancient Knowledge of India in Astronomy and movement of Stars. The household India Calendar is amazing in the sense that it depends on the positions of the Sun and as well the Moon and predictions to manage many things.

Mirchi Strong, Gharshinia, Ladyfingers and Scented Rice

            Mirchi Strong exists in eastern states and mostly in Nagaland and Naga Jati, people cultivate it. In Srikakulam Zillah in Sitampeta area, based Girijans (early human beings) cultivate it on a large scale. It costs Rs200/- a Kg in the market.

         Gharshinia is a special type of sour vegetable, resembles small size Mango and used widely as a substitute for Tamarind (sour fruit and unripe fascinated by pregnant woman in India) for preparing the soups of India in large variety.

The other type of vegetable Lady Fingers (Dr. Ramaleela daughter of Prof. K R Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) of USA Florida) identified it as a Memory powering vegetable but in forest area, there are nearly five types of it. Recently another new type found in Kerala Palghat area. The scented rice grown in Odisha and Kerala is 60-79 years old. The special varieties are Kaljavan, Corporbhog and Varjasattiva, noted of their scents and in years of cultivation, these verities have dwindled. No much research carried out on these verities for their usefulness.

GSI findings

                The Annavaram Temple area 75000years ago, mostly in the Ice age, subjected to volcanic eruption remnants thrown from Indonesia Sumatra Tuba volcanic explosion. The ash and dust rained over India, thousands of years ago spread over the river space. Volcano ash storage places identifiable with death bodies of animals and people. Annavaram temple nearby place (Pampa River town) Guramvampeta, Visakha Zillah Thandava River and E. Godavari Eluru Riverbed areas gave evidence of this explosive volcanic eruption material of rocky specs and glassy material thrown away preserved over the quaternary years.(Hyderabad GSI Museum exhibits these remains). In the ash identifiable are the Glassy remains.

The Srisailam Temple wall built in 1192A.D during Hoysala Empire. It was built with 3153 stones 279300 square feet area, 20 feet height and 2120 feet lengthy stones built temple. It is now in a state of collapse is it a manmade disaster?

Africa Cultivation Bonanza

              India lowest country when compared with Brazil, Russia and China countries in this turn over profits from Africa. Very few India Companies took active part in Africa of cultivation turned out be the cheapest and of great turn over. Standard Bank in Ethiopia is attracting many investors from abroad. Mujambiki, Uganda, Sudan, Tanzania, and several other countries including India are financing for profitable cultivation. Several hectares of land cheaply available in Africa adopted for Mechanized Cultivation.

Disappearing Medicinal Plants in Visakhapatnam

        In W. Godavari Zillah Chintalpudi Mandal, Potu’nur two Rudraksha trees planted 70 years ago at Bhogalingeswaraswamy Temple whose seedlings used to make a MALA to decorate the lord. The trees are located in the house premises of Garini Ramu and Maleom’pati Mallikarjuna Rao residences at present. (Fig.5)

          The huge pumpkin grown, exhibited in London Harvest Festival weighs about 478 Kg. In Hampshire, Pennington dwelling Start Paten has grown it. Fig.5.

The Visakhapatnam Zillah 21 areas about 19 varieties of plants are fast disappearing due to modern constructs. In Nuvvula Revu and Bhavanpadu of Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam Zillah Port area, Gangavaram, Kotakoduru, and Bangarammapalem, E.Godavari Rajanagaram, Rameswaramrevu, Kesanpalli, Gollapallem, Uppada, S.Yanam, Edlarevu, Odalarevu, and Anthrvedi, W.Godavari Mellapallipalem and Peripalem, Krishna Zillah Peddagolapalem, Satrampadu, Varlagondhi,Thippa, Pallipalem, and Peddapatnam areas MADA FORESTS are disappearing.

In these forest are available Nallamadda, Thallmadda, Gundu, Mada, Kan’drangi, Kallinga, Ponna(eye diseases), Thagara(Malaria), Sae’nuga (Athisara nivarana), Urudu, Uppu’ponna(excess sugar), and tooth decay and pain(Thilla Chetlu) with possible Medicinal Treatment and prevention of diseases with the help of vegetable resource material and its knowledge fast dwindling. The picture of Urudu tree roots given in Fig.2. The Mada forests extend from Srikakulam to Krishna Zillah and they are to disappear, a great resource of Medicinal Plants. They exist in River Sagars, Muddy lands, Salty water lands, thick forests (Mada adavulu-Mangrooves). These prevent the gales and inflow of seawater.

Ayurveda treatment in AP state is in seven hospitals with 557 dispensaries and 554 beds for patients.

Adivasi people in Nilagiri forests

Medicinal knowledge of Adivasi people in Nilagiri forests handed over to the eldest son by mouth and identification tricks of those plants by the expert ancients is amazing and continues to-date.  Atpadi roots treatment Medicine cures to treat about in 187 (thandalalo) regions, stubborn diseases still exists in India. The leaf vegetable extracts knowledge is fast dwindling for Medicinal treatment.  The indigenous Nilagiri Goat dwindled to population of only 5000.

The Indigenous Knowledge

The prevention of Rajasthan Rika Society people to move into forests to feed their Camels is growing subjected to Forest protection acts. Camel milk mixed with coconut extract made Soaps, Cow dung mixed with Cotton Waste to prepare Paper, the Wool Rugs, Blankets, Carpets woven intricately the scientific and technological knowledge basic to India, to disappear soon and the forest people to dwindle.

AUSTRALIA TELESCOPE

By 2016, a square kilometer area-occupying telescope in Melbourne started on Friday with 400million dollars and about 350 scientists booked availability of it. It is possible to examine one billion light years away Galaxy, Black Holes and Magnetic stars.

NATURE DESTRUCTION FOR RECONSTRUCTION

Srikakulam very fertile lands have boon sold to thermal projects and as a result, the trees covered with dust and felled away. Telenaluram the site of Siberia birds soon to disappear due to the thermal Vidhuyt (electric) constructions in Kakarapalli chiitadi’nelalu. The tela’nella’puram the birds accumulation from Siberia land in winter might soon disappear. Lepakshi in Veerapuram of Anatapuram district has a bird sanctuary and due to pressures of court rulings, it is in danger. The award of permission, for Jala’Yagnam to 55thousand acres of land in forest, as well used, for extracting the ores of the land. For Pavan electricity works, etc total of about 1lakh acres of land to disappear soon. Bauxite and Laurite excavations permitted by government in Visakha District in forest areas the destruction of environment and water resources destroyed. The coastal area of 960 sq.km land near the sea would be soon be occupied by Kakinada petrochemicals corridor and Nellore Zillah excess thermal projects, in Visakha Medicinal industry, Brandix company, Srikakulam Zillah chemical industry areas are leading to very destructive measures unseen of the industrial growth of the country. The forest grown by an effort of 15 years in Anatapuram district might soon disappear due to Pavan Electric Company.

House remedy from Bonsai trees

                 The Bonsai English Iv plant, in 6 hours it removes 60% insects. The formaldehyde released from electronic goods can clean the atmosphere. Araki Palm, locally known as poka chettu, can clean even the most dangerous poisonous gases. Xerox released Trichloro Ethylene removed by Dressina plant material. Xeyilane released by plastic paints on walls, curtains, and other protective ware absorbed away by one Bonsai Karjur plant.

COLD WAVE IN VIZAG

                A sudden cold wave in Visakhapatnam has affected people in the early morning of Monday October 8, 2012 and the temperature at the Lammasingh recorded as 9degC and Chintapalli 13.2degC usual in December and January but has set early. Morning and evening the road traffic needs to switch on lights for road transport. Sudden change in the atmosphere of the cold fog following the rains for the last four days changed the weather scenario.

GOSTANI SEABED BUDDHA ANCIENT CENTRE

            In Gostani Visakha-Vijayanagaram Zillah borders in Bhogapuram Mandal Gudivada Hill, located in Bhimilli Village, the ancient centre, dating to 300BC (before Christ) to 300AD (after the Christ) where the Buddhist Priests lived discovered. During the time of Satavahana Kings of Andhra Pradesh, the Buddhists survived here. The steps exists even to-date from the Hill to the downward Gostani River. About 36 Buddharamamas exist in AP and this one is the 37. The site would be developed as a visiting history of India spot. The stone cutting troughs, Black and Red colored (PENKULU) slates, Dining places, Cooking rooms, Prayer Halls, Dhyana Centers and Training places and (Stupas) pillars discovered.

THE ANCIENT BOTTLE IN SEA SURVEY

            In the year 312B.C, a Greek Philosopher named Thoe-Phratan left a bottle in Atlantic Ocean that joins the Meditation Ocean as a practical experiment. Were the glass bottles prepared in India, the Science & Technology that migrated to European Countries? The India females used the glassware articles in several forms of decorations, both as personal and house attractions. It almost lasted until 1959 when other types of decorations took over the glassware in India.

Pearls from Kakinada Beach Resort

                  The export value of Muthayalu (Pearls) in Kakinada Beach is considerable and the only beach resort in India. The raindrops converted into the Muthyalu the unique beach resort of India. Rs 5000/- one kilo in 1976 now it is Rs.90, 000/-.  Allchippa contains Calcium percentage (useful in Medicinal preparations, Cosmetics, Cement Industry, Nail Polish, Chalk sticks, Varnish, Colors, Soldering, Window decoration and Electric bulb light enhancement) yearly export is about 10,000tons costing about Rs.15crore rupees.

Carbon Dioxide Reduction

                 The electricity production unit released carbon dioxide sent by pipes  into sea and converted as calcium carbonate a step measure to prevent CO₂ release into atmosphere.

PICTURES AND DETAILS

                         

Fig.1 this shows the 4 Oct 2012 insects spread, 

double cloud movement on 1 Oct 2012 

Three days Sunlight on the Idol of Sun God at Arasuvalli,

 Rudraksha trees in AP, a huge pumpkin of the West.

Fig.2 The morning 6 Oct2012 the Moon Brilliance

 in the rain threatening clouds and disappearing 

the forest wealth of Mangroves in India.

                                             

Fig. 3 The glowing stars and the Clouds of the Vizag Sky on 7 Oct 2012

 

Fig.4 The sudden temperature fall in Vizag 

and record of about 7deg in Manyam Lamsinga Hill track,

 the Siberain Birds for laying their

 eggs, the due diappearence of coastal area in AP, 

and the forest grown in Anatapur of 15years old.

 

Fig.5 The big Tulasi tree of 12 feet height with Manepalli Acharyulu, 

Anaparti, Rastrapathi award to Kuchipudi Dance Child prodigy, 

and the Kakinada fort export of Tallapu Gulla each with 14 pearls 

and Nilligiri dwindling goat population.

 

Fig.6 The unusual rain of Sunlight and thrashing rain showers in

 Visakhapatnam in the noon around 11 A.M with the reflections of

 the Sunglow in the rainfall and the thrill of a boy,

 failing Ayurveda (only 25%) in AP.

CONCLUSIONS

                       The excellent downpour of rain given a great relief to the public in month of October 2012 first fortnight, and surprisingly throughout the fifteen days the sky was literally overcast with the rainy clouds but several occasional outbursts of rain with thunder and lightning was a great treat for the people. Only few moments of appearance of the Astronomy and Astrophysics objects of the sky and the occurrence of threatening Gravity Waves was an unforgettable experience. The local newspapers seldom recorded the Gravity wave disturbances.  During the last 30years it is the first time the rays of Sun fallen on 1 October 2012, on the Sun Idol that lasted for about five minutes, expressed the Main Priest Ippali Sankar Sarma  of the Sun Temple in Arasuvalli  AP state of India.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

                      I am deeply indebted to Late Prof K R Rao D.Sc. (Madras)      D.Sc. (London) of Andhra University Colleges, Visakhapatnam, for his continued interest and sustained effort of my research investigations that began in his laboratories in the year 1960 with several of his outstanding disciples of recognition of great honor.

Sixth All India Social Sciences Congress,
October 23-26th, 1981,   Indian Academy of Social Sciences,
Kanpur University, Kanpur

Science and Technology Community Quest:

As an example of Social Perspective in India.

By

K. L. Narayan, M. Inst. P. (Lond).

Shivaji University, Kolhapur – 416004

CONTENT OF THE PAPER

                   Human behavior and perspectives is constantly changing and  this change is gauzed usually by the development that has happened in the past. Therefore the comparative material from the past and present of the specific society of study and of other societies of the world are collected. The diversity of Indian Society and its culture has been since the outset has been recognized to have an important contribution to make by throwing light on the complex endeavour of the Indian mind showing  motives and conditioning factors in human responsiveness and behaviour. It is a society full of classes, races, religions  and even nationalities. The latter is particularly due to the age old association of the Indian Society with other nationalities of the world. It has become necessary therefore for the author to adopt special method of investigation for the collection of relevant social statistics and the compiling of ”issue-studies” of individuals and community-studies of larger groups. Dogmatic assertion that statistical approach to be more important than or the historical methods is waived off in my study. Only where there is a dire necessity the statistical method in the conventional sense has been adopted.  At the outset, since a few years ago of my exploration and investigations, I have posed myself with certain broad questions  to which I have sought answers, but with the clear option of  moulding the questions objective approach at times to meet the special occasions of testable hypotheses. Few examples. Relevant to the problem on hand, of the perquisitive and interrogatory querries are enumerated below:

1) What section of the Indian Society is not influenced by the scientific and technological development, where do they live? In how many different groups or categories do they exist divided into ?

2) What are the occupations of the major other than those whose involvement is with scientific and technological development ?

3) To what extent the scientific and technological development penetrated the depth of Indian Society ?

4) What are the psychological or other reasons of prejudice for a slow adoption to the impact of S & T ?

5). To what extent the social or cultural barriers broken down ? Do they still persist ?

6) What sections, are to what degree of extent the S & T had the impact for a social perspective aroused ?

7) What are the efforts of adjustments in perspectives in the  past, sector-wise, group-wise etc. of the Indian Society ?

8). Social perspective to what degree has been assimilated  By the family fold ? And by the Region communities ?

Next section presents some of the actual case-studies made, which could be successfully adopted in an attempt to get answers to the above questions.

Techniques of Research:

                 This problem required a special technique of study, because inherently an individual or groups of people needed to be watched  for their behavior in different strides and timings of the Scientific and Technological development. The social perspective  that they would gain, for a true of it, of a person, his attitude and his responsiveness, can rarely be assessed on the basis of one interview. Groups and individuals equally well behave differently at home at work or when they have to shoulder responsibility from when they are acting as subordinates. The accumulation of such observations and results of their social perspective of the subject over an extended period rather than could be obtained at any one instant of time. This technique in literature is known as “Cumulative interview” extensively used byA.H.Richmond.The only modification that I have adopted is to identify myself wherever and whenever possible as one of the subjects of interview and for  the case-studies. Myself as the founder of the Kolhapur-Chapter of the Indian Physics Association, as a member of the Marathi Vigyana Parishad, as a founder member of the Andhra-Marathi Association, as a free-lance Science writer, as a participant at various national forums of promoting Scientific and Technological progress in India, as a member of the Indian Science Congress and finally as a Member of Institute of Physics (London) gave me a lot of opportunity for a sustained and continued activity of interest to promote the Scientific and Technological development. The most significant  and important finding that I have found is that the social (Indira Gandhi, Teacher’s Day, Sept.6th 1981) through Scientific and Technological Impact.

                  Functional penetration was possible to me because of my background as a Scientist Physicist. Respondents did oblige me giving information of their perspective understanding of the ST progress. To get rid of however the difficulty of too much of an identification yet times the role I have been playing as a

Physicist to elicite information or observing behavioural attitudes, a switching over the role of a “common” in Indian context of civilization has been made. The latter did work to a remarkable advantage especially with groups that may be termed as below average citizen who are ignorant of the silent Soc T impact. It is indeed a stupendous task to train oneself to remember in detail the replies and responses of the subject, in its exact context and phrasing of what has been said during the interviews but accumulation of observations would yield lines of thought  that could be recorded with ease. The technique enabled the realistic perspective knowledge to be obtained from not just a person’s character and behavior at a particular period of time but from a period  of information extending over his or her life time. Personal  documents, accounts etc., tends to be observed and distorted but cross-checks of such information from other subjects accounts made it possible to avoid the limitations of this technique.

Studies of Social Perspective Understanding Projects:

             A short summary will now be given of some of the research projects undertaken. For the sake of availability of space, full  details are withhelds but in each project study described, the main content of the research is hopefully presented.

a). Ignorant Groups of S & T Impact:-

               There exists in India certain group or community sect of people to whom the concept of Social perspective does not exist and they may be dubbed as nilpotent SP groups(NSPG).An example of such a group in the sect of people engaged in sugarcane cutting and field work in the western state of Maharashtra. In spite of parliament laws, legal and social struggle for the abolition of bonded labour and slavery, the advent of giant machinery of sugar mills in the private co-operative sector, nurtured during the post-independent years a sect of people locally called “Nagarees”.  They are unemployed in the rain season of four months but are fed and maintained by Middle Brokers (MB’s). Factories recognize these MB’s and advance loans to the extent of few lakhs to them. In turn, the MB’s supply the essential labour force for cutting, transporting, cartage etc. of the sugar cane produce to the sugar mill crushing. The crushing season extends from Nov. to till May. Virtually MB’s few in number advancing loans to the labour at Rs.6 per Rs 100 per month) arrange their jobs on the fields Exploiting work from morning 8 O’clock to night 8 O’clock. The labour do not have time to bathe or do their dress properly as the entire essential commodities they need are supplied on quota system by the MB’s. (see Model NSPG). Not only as sugar cane cutters and crop transporters to the mills, such groups

Factory Managers

Regional Heads

Leaders Group   Group Leader            Group Leader

I II III                       IV V                        VI VII

Big Units                  Small Units

 NSPG Model:

                Nil potent social perspective groups towards the  Science and Technology development. I, II, III, ………etc are  the actual members of NSPG’s, while the group leaders are in  touch and with the regional heads, for their livelihood and employment. Factories advance money only to the Regional heads, who act as the middle brokers (MBS’), exist working for cotton mills, dockyards, in illicit traders, road building, dam construction works etc. For these groups perpetually since birth devoted and bonded to the MB’s the social perspective of S & T does not exist.

 

b). Economically backward and Tribal Population:-

                    Individual labourers, semi-skilled and skilled but very poor  tradesman, street & vegetable sellers, cobblers etc, do not continue To contribute a lot towards the cheap economic labour force of  country but one better off than the NSPG’s in the sense that they earn to feed their mouth themselves independently. But this group of people would also be struggling throughout their life for their dire necessities of living and not common a thing that some such families do collapse utterly to a low level due to natural calamities or accidental causes and end up as pavement or open street dwellers. It is surprising that these people with their utter poverty, yet times enjoy some of  the comforts of S & T such as visiting picture theaters, watching the window TV’s, indulging in the purchase of an occasional Nylon ware, use of scents etc. They do them more of fascination of living in a dreamy world but with remote hope of chieving any standard style of living. They continue to be  discriminated by their viable poverty of living and exploitation by the public whenever possible. Their living condition cannot improve as their skills are manifestly poor and much beyond the threshold of giving any training.To this group of people belong also those who help in  harvesting the food grains, and constitute the essential life  line of the village or the urban land.  Solace may be that those people or exposed to the S & T development, but unfortunately with no conscious realization of the social perspective by them. Equally well, they are gullibly guided, their professional earnings cleanly limited and governed by the village dadas (self-styled controllers) big traders, and the village and urban power groups.

c). Educated Laymen Ignorant of the Science and Technological  Impact:

                         A surprisingly large number of sufficiently well-educated people seem to be ignorant of the tremendous advances that have  been taking place in the Science and Technological strides of the nation, during the last few years. They are surprised and  marvel at when they meet at situations, which reflect clearly on their ignorance, often make futile attempt at concealing it. This section of attempts at following traditional, or ruthlessly selfish paths of a comfortable living made from trade,Commerce, commercial enterprises etc. Shri C. D. Deshmukh, a Financial wizard and the first UGC Chairman of India has pointed out at a convocation address delivered at Shivaji University, Kolhapur that a new class of corrigible and corrupt society of  people is rising up in the rural India who make the best use of the educational training. They receive to become more corrigible and cunningly corrupt. These people do not have a social perspective and it may look debatable whether we classify them as ignorant or as a willful society for personal profit. This class exists as different types, often not identifiable, At different levels of strata of Indian Society. For example, it is this class at an University/Educational Institution organization, who oppose vehemently, any compulsory Science and Technology training as a part of liberal education, at the primary college and school levels of education. They are not liable for national sample-survey studies as they would recoil inward when called upon for public exposure or discussions. They train their wards even for the best use of Scientific and technical skill exclusively for personal gains but must be clearly branched as the group of educated-laymen with lack of Scientific culture and social perspective. Their attitudes are occasionally and variedly reinforced by irrational thinking and ignorance, but are not removed by reason and education alone. The roots of their prejudice in emotional insecurity and anxiety of their family or cast or group or religious sect sustenance should be eradicated.

d) Intelligentsia Society and Their Social Perspective:

                         This group of society constitutes the biggest technical and Scientific man power, factually constitutes about the 3rd rank among the nations of the world. But they are just living with their skills unexploited by the nation to the maximum extent.Their social perspective and consequently their attitude and behavior for the developmental cause must be carefully analyzed. Half of them are engaged in some sort of direct national enterprize with the other half either in the private or in the autonomous bodies. They are more social of their potentialities but equally aware of the minimal limit to the extent they can exercise themselves at the national policy or even at the managerial institutional levels. They have adjusted themselves to a most important aspect of status and esteem in our society viz., the skill and ability shown by a person in his daily work or ever a set period of time such as three months or so. They prefer to associate themselves with a task of national importance. But the analysis of social perspective is difficult to assert among those people. Skill contributes to the adjustment or adjustment to skill is unknown.Any way their association (may be due to lack of opportunity abroad, or their traditional lethargy for dynamic leadership) is significant only from the point of view of its utility and ready availability for meeting with or to assist in the national task of the country. How best they be given an opportunity for a major role at the administrative and managerial level execution of planned development of India ? or are they a misfit for such a role due to their personalized skill ? Why they could not have got the power to exercise more powerfully in the Society? Is there a lack of political game capacity in them or are they have inculcated an inherent social perspective of a subordinate role at the national tasks.

III. Discussion:

                      Case studies (a), (b), (c) and (d) described in section II  are only representative and lack of space forbids enumeration of them exhaustively. The object of this discussion is to provide an enlightened view of the social perspective attitude of the Indian Society. The social perspective can be sought among the masses in a number of different ways, cultural, economic, etc., status of the public. It is generally expected that science and technology  succeed in enlarging the field of achievement of the human mind, victory over the poverty is achieved within a short period. But soon an individual adopts the position that S & T cannot provide us with a philosophy of life, nor the worldly wisdom with which he can identify himself as a personality. Optimistic adjustment by social groups or even by an individual is taking place in a radically, therefore an opposed approach, towards a static attitude of the humanistic training, based on the ethical values of the nation, philosophical and religious principles and historical ideas about the Hindu (Indian) view of life and living.

                   This approach dominantly asserted and promoted by persons who regard themselves as the dynamic, and privileged class of cultured individuals.

                   Humanistic training coupled with the Science and Technological development to get a social perspective of improved imagination, mental versatility and the ability to seek analogies between apparently diverse fields of human endeavour, is a notion beyond the compression of many an Indian. The broad attempt of an average Indian looks at only how to feed himself and his family daily or else better off of them look forward to a certain extent  “stable living conditions” and they both respectively in their own styles of living, strive for those goals. The actual population that are aware, recognize or consider the mobilization of S & T to support development continues to be comflouged by the persistenting hunger, malnutrition, avoidable endemics, ignorance and want of the masses. In this context where does the social perspective exists ?

 

                 Many French historians and American humanists regard that the area that is between the individual and state, called the “intermediate” is the social sphere where the impact of modern revolution can be found. Partly it is true in the Indian context.

                 The major changes of in mode of the living, that widened the social perceptiveness of the middle class society are

(1) Modern  method of cooking and kitchen ware

(2) Effective but low cost transport by cycle, light motor vehicles

(3) Radio

(4) Newspapers

(5) Political voting rights

(6) Cinema

(7) Sound and Music programmes

(8) Photography

(9) Marriage ceremonies

(10) Attendance to schooling

(11) Tractor use 

 (12) Hybrid varieties etc.

             Quick economic gain, saving through the post offices, urban bank loans for building low cost homes have etc., been accepted and being practiced with individual resources and wisdom. Social perspective in India in substantial degree is carried by  youth. Not infrequently, families have quarreled and exist divided on the issues of modern amenities by way of  S & T progress. Old tend to be cautious while the young are

fascinated jump at the marvels.

             Extreme dangers of this social perceptiveness is already pointed out in the case study (1) of section II. Special mention may however be made about the militancy and other political or violent attitudes. These are also on the increase with religious foundations of what is defined as morals and consequent vacuum of moral guidance to children. Social, moral and institutional changes recognition is again a part of this social perspective. But unlike the Luddite Movement of the early 19th century, when displaced agricultural and  Rural workers tried to smash the factories that displaced them, The social revolution in India is a peaceful one. But they do, especially young at the college and universities are, feeling The social harness tightening on their neck.Prolonged schooling, blessings of post industrial and Technetronics utopia, long shelves of books, treatises of them attest the interest of a below average student from rural India.

               Social perspective teaches them however to accept the inevitable in spite of the demands on their parents meager income or resources. There is definitely a failure on the part of intellectuals,the thinkers, the social reformers and the writers to  explain in a simple style the important developments of our times for a proper social perspective among the new generation of the world of Science and Technology.

              Observation of Amy Goldin (1975 Am.Rev) is worth quoting.“It is a flat denial of history to assert that cultures in which Technology has flourished have stifled the development of more personal and sensitive expressions of human nature.” Often the social perspective is misinterpreted as a counter culture, which is not true. With the step of “pride of personal use” in everyday life, Science and Technology have become a “moral force” and not exclusively towards a purely materialistic demand. The notions of Buddha, Hinduism, Gandhian thought etc. have been constantly reviewed by the public in the new social cultural order. Greatest impact of this is that this development gives an opportunity to a community or a socially backward group to claim consciously that also belong to the privileged class of intellectuals in India and the fact that of every man as an equal. Effort of reawakened masses towards the fundamental search for a practical ethic of equality may be found easily by an inquiry talk to their minds. This quest of personal identity but forms the one side of a coin that bears on its other side the need of community backing and within which his identity can be moulded to the desired form of exercise. It is leading hence to a new order of society but the kinship, regionalism, casteism and religion are holding a grip, which shows no sign of being extinguished. Extreme liberated elements of this hold are getting eliminated automatically. But  those who are able to synthesize and benefit from it are rising to new heights in the society.

               Instant mass communication yet times is helping to circulate the ideas to spread far and fast. Behavioural changes may also be found in the youth rather abruptly, even when deeply rooted in the traditional cultural, social or religious beliefs, which take place within a very few years. Institutional structures on a wide scale in the form of small scale industries, autonomous private institutions of learning, managerial and agricultural enterprises has their own impact for a new social perspective in India an outcome of modern concept of scientific society.

              It is not agreeable to state to be human under modern conditions of life, is an agony that the ancient man never  knew, nor that the modern man exists in an inferno of knowledge without wisdom. Value-seekers of the society exist who constantly guide the emerging quest for a S &T community living. A community with assets as energy, power and money etc. is that the individual looks for. Basic principles of modern science, found a synthesis with traditional viewpoint. The Einstein thought observations of matter as energy in action found an immediate analogy that Upanishads spoke of matter as Brahman or the wise men of India state that energy is a force of consciousness in action.

              New methods of parental care are being progressively self-evolved, to take care of their children and their psychology Towards the gadgetted comfortable life. Constant review by an Individual for an assessment of real and higher needs is being practiced. The consciousness of the mind to share the “want and have” with others in the community and enjoy mutually and appreciative of synthesis of the old with new values. In my

opinion is an increasingly energy force of the society, due to S & T development. Such an effort is not one of a balancing of the infra-rational, with the rational and the supra-national elements of the society but at each stage it is a gradual selfdevelopment for the ease of life the modern science provides.The leaders of such communities need not necessarily found to be the neither political leaders nor wizards of science and technology,but they are the more enlightened members of the community itself.

 

                The wise saying in India always twinkle as the brilliant stars in whose light the Indian Society moulds and faces the challenges of any modern developments.

                 A phenomenon on an unprecedented scale is taking place in India due to the modern industrialization viz., that the younger generations of the lower strata of society are moving into technical, educational and managerial positions that the intermediate and the upper strata “drop-outs” disdain. This is termed as “circulation of elites” and countries like England and Western Germany were no exception to it.The social perspective in India however is an outcome of gradual and the peaceful revolution that is taking place. The Upanishads and Vedas have taught the Indians a philosophy of essential denial of materialism and they regard that greatest sin is ignorance and thoughtlessness. They are taught now and then moral earnestness and the practice of spirit of enquiry and self-examination. In India religion and philosophy exist interwoven and inseparable. Subconsciously they are bound to lead a life of purity and life without passion.

            The S & T impact on their life therefore, is regarded only as a materialistic excitement with no true spiritual contribution. Most of it goes as a passing phase of their life. But the family hold, cultural heritage etc. prevail on an individual’s response whether he be poor or rich. In spite of the great opportunities that Industrialization offers and the fact that, many be the wife,the husband and the children are forced verily employed in different disciplines the family unit continues to exist. As much distance away they are separated, the modern science facilities are equally geared, to bridge this gap of communication among the family members, and thus only help to hold the family point.

             Extraordinarily significant fact about the Indian culture is that they are by way of their ancient scriptures, by way of living and with the Hindu View of Faith, are much conceptually trained civilized society, and a practicing nation unique, by itself. Chinese, Christianity, Jews and Islamic Faiths do not possess The conceptual scientific height that Indian Philosophy has set thousands of years ago. The fabulous Hindu mind is responsible for the generations of animate and inanimate fables, many epics like Mahabharata and Ramayana, which bespeak of society of “Advanced Technology and Scientific Power” that even today’s Science has a remote chance of visualization.

 

              Conceptually stride in S & T that the Hindu religion and philosophy teaches is completely embedded in the spirit of a community quest of living in a society with the eternal principles of Dharma. Doctrines of Dharma and Karman etc., are meant to lead a life with “Immense Materialistic Power”.

Not only the epics but also Shakuntala, Panchatantra, etc.works, the game of chess etc. have been, without the due acknowledgement, have been ruthlessly adopted and copied by the Arabians, English and Greek literature. “Positive Science Achievements of the Ancient Hindus”, may in this context be an interesting reading, from the books such as those by Sarkar, The Legacy of India, The Wisdom of India by Lin Yutang (Jaico Publishing House, 1955) etc. “A Scientific and Technological Community Quest” in the environment of developing science, modernization and industrialization of the Nation is a phenomenon of the Indian Cultural inbred in it. But renunciation of materialistic passion towards a spiritual enlightment is the theme of the Hindu family that continues to hold the family unit as the “basic and fundamental social Cell” of the community, whatever be the modernization, since conceptually it was already there existing.

Conclusions:

Only a few of the final results of my analysis would be outlined below for this National Symposium.

1) There is a constant background quest and pursuit in the minds of the people to identify the several images of the community living.

2) Personal values of contribution and degree of personal success and meretricious achievement in the context of modern Science and Technology are constantly under review by individuals whether male or female for a better amalgamation in society.

3) Ex-President and Professor of Philosophy Dr. S. Radhakrishnan conjecture and apprehensiveness of greatest threat to or collapsebility of the Hindu family unit existence due to the onslaught  and crash Industrial progress as an outcome of modern science and technological impact is not warranted to that much degree of

alarmness, as he envisaged.

4) It is not true that outgrowth of human needs and desires Kindling among the masses is towards a social perspective of a Uniform pattern (like a guided oriented missile) but its effect Is on the allowance of pluralism of functions, allurements and Loyalties in the lives of Indian people seeking a new state of Unprecedented much cultural diversity.
 

5) Perspective assertion of the age old faith of freedom, Individual philosophical autonomy, cultural cognizance and meaningful relationship of occupation, religions etc. are taking a new facet of “speed of living”, a life of fast living, momentous to the occupation in social life.

6) Coupled with the above there is an emerging typical  Indian recipient who is appreciative of spontaneous actions,  decision making and toward a cult of an auto-genetic  personality builds up.

REFERENCES

1. The Wisdom of India, Lin Yutang, Jaico Publishing House, 1956.
2. A. H. Richmond, Sociological Review Vol. XLII, No.8, 1950 and Occupational Psychology Vol. IXXV, No.3   (1951).
3. A. Schweitzer, books, “The social philosophers”, “Social Change and History”, Dept. of Humanities, Columbia University, New York.
4. A. Schweitzer, “Amer. Review”, Vol.18, No.3, Pges.13-21, 1974.
5. R. Nisbet, Amer. Review, Vol. 19, Pages.30-40, No.4, 1975
This is the (Paper No.98) in my list of Publications.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author is greatly indebted to Prof K R Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) for his continued interest in him and for several of suggestions he made that were responsible to prepare the research article.