TRUWIZ -109

TRUWIZ109

Dated:9th September 2008

Designed

by

Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana

In Memory of

109th

Birth Day of

late

Professor K.Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London)

(9/9/1899-20/6/1972)

Q1).Both optically active and circular dichomic colliodalmicellesproduced under solar radiation are stimulated by

a) proteins b).aminoacids c).fatts d.) pigments

Q2). CuO loaded SnO2 senses H2S by the formation of an intermediatemolecule thatdestroys p-n junction which is

a). SnS b). H20 c).Cu2S d). CuS

Q3). The ancient pigment that cause survival of micro-organisms inhostile (including Chernbylexplosion) is

a).Melanin b).Turmeric c).Nicotine c). Myline

Q4). Diamonds found in the oldest crystals insiderocks on Earth'scrust date back to billion years not that much convincing

a).4.3 b).0.275 c).2.5 d).2.0

Q5). 15% of kupier belt objects are
a).binaries b). triplets c).quadruples d).Non-pairs

Q6)Clouds of French Nuclear tests were observed by the present authorat Kolhapur(SU) reaching the sky in abouta).2hrs b).3hrs c).4hrs d).5hrs.

Q7).In the human evolution new genes were discovered inBrain numbering about

a).4 b).2 c).5 d).6

Q8.) Development of tearless onion should not have volatile compounds of

a). Ammonia b). Benzene c). Sulfur d). Acetone

Q9. The highest dose of radon at a home found in Cornwall is about

a). 23.7Sv/yr b).55.8Sv/yr c).320Sv/yr d). 100 Sv/yr

Q10.). Seeds stored that could last through thousands of years needto be stored at

a). -2degC b). -4degC c).-18degC d).-15degC

Q11). The article entitled Riemann Curvature Vein etc dated 23/7/2008at a blogger used the word vein to imply

a). string b).membrane c).wave d)None of these

Q12). Fractal Aurora/Airglow observed at Visakhapatnam on 1/8/08partial solar eclipse may not be due to

a).AGNrays b).Protons c).Gamma Rays d),a,b,c all

Q13).Silver nanoparticles kills microbes by preventing cellreplication and transport of

a). Protons b). Water c). Pottasium d).Electrons

Q14). New datingtechniques used to find secret of 55yrs old GrandCanyon examined rock samples for the levels of elements

a).Plutonium & Uranium b).Helium & Plutonium c).Americium & Uraniumd).Uranium & Helium

Q15). Liquid crystals grow with a structural compromise with

a). micelle b).liquids c).molecular rearrangement d). Bubbles & voids

Q16).Carbon Nanotubes conducting rubbers can stretch to

a).500 b).550 c).570 d).600 (times)

Q17).Alucubierre drive depends on shrinking space-time in front of aship and exrand a fabric behind the ship i.e
a).Space b).Time c)string d)brane

Q18) Invisible cloak uses materials termed as

a)Nano b). Femto c) ceramic d).meta

Q19). Hubble space –telescope on ending 1,00,000th orbit around earthfound a firestorm of stellar raw material pearsing into a Nebula nearstar cluster

a). NGC2074 b)RD456 c)IJK789 d)ogt342

Q20). Prince Charless warns on crops

a). Organic b).Tropic c)GMO d)Desert

Q21). Functional red blood cells in labs are developed by using

a).ESC b). white cells c).Red cells d) None.

Q22).The new catalyst of extracting hydrogen from ethanol at 350degCby Dr U.Ozkan involves

a).Ce-C0-Ca b).Fe-Ce-C0 c). Fe-Al-S d)Mone

Q23). Catch & tell molecules which emit light signals on reaction withspecific chemicals use materials which are

a).Luminescent b)Flourescent c).Phosporescent d)Color Dyes

Q24).The number of flips required to solve the burnt pancake problem should be a

a)Maximum b).Minimum c). 100 d)One Mega

Q25).96 characters of keyboard included in a digitalsign language is called

a)cybercode b)smartcode c).thumbcode d).netcode

Q26). In winter particles of small diameters penetrate deep into lungsand cause a health hazard of size

a).50mu b).2.5mu c.) 0.5mu d).0.5mu

Q27). Cleveland clinic color sensor for lung cancer detection usescolors that change hue when exposed to breath numbering about

a).100 b)50 c)36 d).256

Q28). Bee venom Melittin and Delta Toxin from bacterium both have 26amino acids, same shape,with amphiphathic helical aggregate form andchannel notiff in membranes but doffer in

a).Negative charge b)positive charge c)lengths d)diameters

Q29). Frog sweats out peptide magainin made up of 23 aminoacids in ascrew-like helical chain can by self-assembling kill a
a).bacteria b).insects c).animals d).humans

Q30). Plant material vellozia cardida acquires the metal

a).zinc b)silver c)diamond d).copper

Q31). The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (400MW) utilizes Helium coolantat 500degC & 377psi while flows out at 1323psi in a PBMR system withtemperature

a)600degC b). 1700degC c).3500dergC d)900degC

Q32)AntiRao particle and quasiparticles of honeycomb lattice grapheme doffer in

a).mass b).charge c).magnetism d).character

Q33 ).NASA's recent Phoneix discovered that mars soil sample particles are

a).viscous b).entangled c).fuzzy d)sticking

Q34). Vindhyan Basin seismograms indicated that multilayered crust isabout 46km thick but crust at Allahabad is thicker by about

a). 5km b). 10km c).20km d).40km

Q35). Recent attempt in India is to run trains by using

a).ethanol b).Petrol c). Biofuel d). CNG

Q36).Aquilion ONE (CT) uses ultra high resolution

a) X-rays b). Gamma rays c). Co rays d). Proton beams

Q37).Japan sends by 2030 an array of satellites whose transmittersconvert solar energy to beam to earth using

a).gamma rays b).IR-raysc). Microwaves d).x-rays

Q38).Google Earth would detect every 6hrs a dozen potential volcanoesin north pacific that puff

a). Sulphur b) rocks & glass c).aero gelsd). Gases

Q39). USA peanut empty shells total to about million tons

a).0.375 b).0.275 c).0.175 d) 0.075

Q40). The loss of a limb a scar on tissue etc that create a stub canbe healed by regrowth using dust from

a).ducks b).elephants c). Lionsd).pigs

Q41).HAARP's 18072-foot high tower with LF and HF dipoles or rods with180 Al towers at 80 feet apart in a 12x15 grid was recently zapped onto

a).mars b).galaxy c).Jupiter d).moon
Q42). E8 map table of integers with 450000 rows and columns required77hrs of SC time to occupy a disk space of

a). 3GB b). 10GB c). 60 GB d). 120GB

Q43 "Rods from God" of 20 feet length and 30 cm thick are basically

a).space weapons b).missiles c).shooting stars d). Bombs

Q44).Learning a complex skill leads to a noticeable change in brainwhite matter which occurs constituted bya).axons & glia b (neuron cells c) asymmetric water diffusiond).symmetric water diffusion

Q45).1859 solar event of Aug 24-Sept 4th, produced protons of BeV thatshattered oxygen and nitrogen in air to create " a ground level event"of shower of

a). electrons b).mesons c). Hyperons d) neutrons

Q46) When gravity is significant matter clumps reaches an equilibrium state forming

a).black hole b) neutron star c).white dwarf d).nouvae

Q47). There are more ways to arrange a given number of atoms thatreflect the "arrow of time" in a configuration of

a).high entropy b).high entanglement c).low entropy d).low entanglement

Q48). The water embedded in a produce of food or another product isknown as water

a).anomalous b).liquid c).virtual d). Capillary

Q49).Crater field Tycho with depth 4850m and its first central massif1600m high has the most striking

a). X-rays b).Gamma rays c).Neutrinosd).bright rays

Q50). At 65-76km UV radiation clouds on Venus appear brighter than thedense clouds layer beneath and rotation of clouds is only

a). 243 days b).4 days c).10 days d).20 days

Q51) The meteoric body in space entering above 100km becomes molten at2000degC to 300degCand disperses on vaporization over a range of

a).300km b)2km c).40km d).0 km

Q52). A bolide remnant of meteoric body called also meteorite consists of
a).stone & iron b). Gas c) minerals d) ice.

Q53). The brightest parts of Milky Way are in region of constellationScorpius and center is located at

a). Sagittarius b) Cygnus c) Aquillad) Cassiopeia

Q54). The pressure of dark matter in the form of filaments sheets andclusters (like bullet) is confined by pull due to

a).red shift b).blue shift c) magnetism d).gravitation

Q55). Every person has disintegrating radioactive atoms that number to

a).4E+05 b). 4000 c). 40000 d). 40

Q56) Gestation is about lunar monthsa). 266 dasa b) eight c) forty d) 100

Q57).Nerve signals travel at speed as high as

a).300miles/hr b).100miles/hr c) 200miles/hr d). 1000miles/hr

Q58). Part of body that takes Oxygen directly

a).Cornea b).Eye c) Nose d). Skin

Q59). Sometime Earth's magnetic field flips to create

a). volcanoes b). Earthquake c) storm d).cyclone

Q60) E=m*c^2 equation was given first by

a).Fraud b). Bohr c). Einstein d). Hastener

Q61). Einstein brain was weighing only

a).3.1 pounds b).2.7 pounds c).10 pounds d).4 pounds

Q62). Japan's science park to open in December to study and unzip themechanism of any living organism uses accelerated

a). electrons b).neutrinos c).protons d). Photons

Q63). GLAST expected to reveal secret of

a). Black hole b).invisible matter c). Dark energy d) glowing dust

Q64). Cows and cattle that graze or resting tend to align their bodies

a).westward b).eastward c) NS d).EW

Q65).The chemical BDNF of brain is responsible for appetite and

a).tall-ness b) dwarf-ness c) deafness d) obesity

Q66). Steam hybrids from car exhausts would make engine

a) Long life b).power increase b).efficient d). light weight
Q67). Junk raft traveled at 0.8km/hr between Long Beach, California toHawaii a distance of

a). 4200km b).5000km c)6000km d).4300km

Q68). The symmetry pattern of E(8)xE(8) of ordinary and shadow matter is

a).symmetrical b).chaotic c).unsymmetrical 4) unknown

Q69).Grossmann relation axb=-bxa leads to

a).unphysics b).complex numbers c).super numbers d) hyper numbers

Q70). The Principle relating basic world features to our own existenceas observers may be termed as the principle

a) anthropic b)polytropic c)metaphysics d)Advaita

Q71). Asymptotic degree of freedom of quarks means that farther apart they

a). repel b). Attract c). Interfere d). Superimpose

Q72.). The Lotus leaf's effect has ability to stay

a).clean b)cool c).fresh d)shinning

Q73). Biokleen is a sensitizer which isa).volatile b). inorganic c). polymeric d). herbel

Q74 ).Rapidcom an inoculum of bactetia breaks down

a). Polymer b). dust c). cellulose d).flies

Q75) to live longer and think better one should eat

a). cereals b)eggs c). potatoes d)onions

Q76.) Avoid plastic surgery for skin time by eating

a) pumpkin b). eggs c). meat d)chicken

Q77). For absorption of old bone tissue through kidneys consume

a). Vitamine A b). Citric acid c). Vitamin D d). Vitamin E

Q78).Tapioca provides 5241calories as against wheat (2983 and rice2163 as per 1983 cost of

a.).Rs.10 b).Rs.1 c).Rs.2 d).Rs 5

Q79). Plume rise can be calculated as a function of sourcecharacteristics such as exit velocity, meteorological parameters and

a).Buoyancy b).Pressure c).Temperature d). Eddies.

Q80). Turbidity is a measure of total vertically integrated particulate load in
a). ionosphere b). Stratosphere c). Thermosphere d). Atmosphere.

Q81). Angstrom gave an empirical formula between extinctioncoefficient and wavelength Lambda as a=β*λ^ (-α) with α=1.3 but α forIndia is

a).not a constant b). constant c). Varies with β d). Zero

Q82). On August 27th, 2008 Nocturnal clouds were observed by thisauthor at Visakhapatnam at around 6.P.M., which are due to

a). earthquake in NZ b). Cyclone c). Low depression d). A storm

Q83). Calorie required per kg of body weight of an adult male withmoderate physical activity is

a).50 b). 40 c). 100 d.)20

Q84).Net protein utilization ratio from protein derived from an animalsource is 0.8 while for vegetable source it is

a).0.3 b). 0.4 c). 0.5d).0.6

Q85). Virtual or magic mirror of Fraunhofer Tele Comm Ltd H-H Ltdallow you to view image in different dresses/colors within

a).Microsecs b).millisecs c) one second d). One minute

Q86) 6 hrs charging of Lithium ion battery allows the Indica car to run about

a). 8 hrs b).12hrs c). 24hrs d). 2 hrs

Q87). LHC to initiate operation tomorrow, would test how particleacquires mass by being dragged in with a mediator Higgs Boson througha

a).Forward quark field b).Backward space-time c).Tachyon field d).Background field

Q88).VMADS machine provides a gun to emit 95GHz μW i.e. of 3mmwavelength and penetrate at 50 0 C into skin to a depth of

a). 03mmb). 0.5mm c). 0.6 mm d). 1mm

Q89). Thunderbird provided support to RS, Newsgroup and IMAP as a

a). client b). Customer c) transporter d) phishing

Q90). In which Omega-3 fatty acids are available in vegetarian diet

a). ground nuts b). Brazil nuts c). Sunflower seeds d). Flax seeds

Q91). Which Vitamin is not harmful even though its in take is excess
a). Vitamin A b). Vitamin B c). Vitamin C d). Vitamin D

Q92). Efficient exercise to burn fats is

a). anaerobic b).aerobic c).Yoga d). Games

Q93).E Leopold an amateur astronomer used a technique to print hisdrawings known as lithography

a). Photo b). Chemical c) Physical d).Chromo

Q94). String effects on Fermi-Dirac correlation measurements have put asmall source radiifor production of

a). Mesons b). Nucleii c) Baryons d).Hadrons.

Q95).Liquid Helium cooling is required to observe ESR using Co ICerium magnesium nitrate due to rapid relaxation rate of

a).spin-spin interaction b) spin-lattice interaction c).Lattice-orbit interaction d) spin-orbit interaction

Q96.) Stellators are studied because they offer certain prospect of operation by

a).Synchrotron b)AC c)DC d). Cyclotron

Q97).Confined sample of radioactive atoms provides fertile ground for studying

a). Quark Model b) Standard Model c) Atomic Models d). Nuclear Models

Q98). MRFM technique uses RF to irradiate sample and by change of frequency proton polarization can be made to

a).Oscillate b) fluctuate c).vibrate d) rotate.

Q99). MRFM uses to generate 2 or 3D images by moving particles acrosssample so that cantilever vibration can be measured. These particles are

a) Magnetic b). Ferro-magnetic c) Ferroelectric d). Super-conductors. Q100.) Chernobyl No.4 reactor exploded releasing million curies ofradioactivity into atmosphere numbering

a) 200b)300 c)100 d) 400

Q101).Plasticity of nervous system and the extent of its adaptabilityto a different sensory mode which is known as

a) Rearrangement b) redistribution c) reallocation d) redundancy.

Q102 .) Each axon can be as short as a millimeter or as long asa) one foot b) 2m c) One meter d) 5m

Q103.) Action potential is a membrane depolarization that propagates along the axonas a wave

a). Longitudinal b). Transverse c). Stationary d). Travelling

Q104.) Nuclear Astrophysics remains puzzled which nuclei undergo rapidcapture(r-process) of particles

a). Protons b). Neutrons c).Electrons d) mesons

Q105.) CNO process time scale in stellar plasma depends on rate ofreaction N+P--> O+gamma ray, this is limited by Coulomb repulsion between

a) Electrons b) Mesons c). Positive particles d). Neutrons

Q106). Some 75%-95% of a typical engine lubricant is made up of

a). Fatty acid b) Mineral oil c). Palm oil d). Sunflower oil

Q107). Peramma action constant relates to (see the present Blogger posts)

a).Nutrition b).Radio-activity c) Emissions d) Absorption

Q108). Finger print sensor devices has novel cavity structure thatallows detecting mechanicalDeformations related to topography of finger using pixels numbering

a) Mega b) Kilo c) 60000 d) 20000

Q109). Flowing of a Bose-Einstein condensate makes speed of light to change to

a) Greater values b) low velocities c) Tachyon velocity d) zero velocity.

===========================================

Answers Some:

1d 2d 3a 4a 5a 6d 7b 8c 9 c 10c 11d 12d 13d 15c 21a 22a23b 24 b 25c 26b 27c28 b 29 a 30c 31d 32a 33d 34b 35c 36a 38b 39a 40d 41d 42 c 43a 44a 45d46a 47c 48c 49d 50b 51c 52a 53a 54d 55c 56a 57a 58a 59c 60d 61b 62c63c 64c 65d 66c 67a 68d 69c 70a 71b 72 a 73d 76 a 77c 78b 80a 81c82a 83d 84c 85c 86a 88a 90a 91c 92a 93c 94d 95b 96c 97b 98b 99b 100c 101c 102 c 103d 104b 105 c 106b 107 a 108 c 109c

---------------------*****---------------------------------

Some six Questions on Health have been contributed by

shri Gollapudi Ramakrishna ,48-10-34,Srinagar(RTC),

Gollapudi House ,Visakhapatnam.He is a self-centered

person a loner leading a very simple life in a flat with no furniture.

==============================

Does this Demon Take Over Divine

VESRSE LEBRE

I

========================================

Does this Demon

Take over Divine

by

Mrs. A. Savitri M.Phil,

(SG) Lecturerin Physics

Mrs A.V.N. College

Visakhapatnam-530002

sav1955@yahoo.co.in

Tel No.0891-2534954

=========================

I. Oft clumsy, faultering Pauli affirmed: suddenly stubbornly
“Some unknown entities appear
in all Beta Decays, one mustn’t ignore
these Chargeless Massless particles
for so consistent, are these thus needed in all Fissions
as energy balancing requirements
all speeding electrons out of Nucleus
with speeds falling in relativistic realms
are sure to be accompanied by these Ghosts:
ever evading, escaping all detective means.

II. Poor Pauli; a target for fellow Physicists fun
As usual was mocked at and treated like a buffoon
They all said “another book-keeping trick is on”
The father of The Principle of Exclusion
Never minded his friends; bullying
He made his mind, to go on
Come what may: he is not one to give in

III So Fermi came to his rescue on to the scene
With Nuclear Power house; his finest design
To catch this elusive rat, he drew the curtain
“The Neutrino”; fondly called it, its huntman
The word for the little neutral one- in Italian

IV The determined Pauli boldly went on
With a much more stronger assertion
“Nature loves symmetry”: he added
“thus this has its antibody”
when Neutron shoots out of Nucleus
in some cases antineutrinos appear
the spectrum of these minute things
with their presence in all Beta Decays
reveals their unique traits
due to their relativistic speeds

V Classical tools failed to know their ways
our future studies
on these elusory spooks
may pave smoother tracks
who knows whats’ in store in future for us-
the devious routes of these tricky devils
may unravel the secrets of the Universe
might even pull the “Great Creator”
into our physical frames.

==========================================

Mrs Savitri has contributed a lot for the development of Mrs AVNCollege,

guided several student projects, exhibited a FUN CARRIDOR on Physics at

the 150th Year of the College. A firm believer and supporter of

WOMEN in PHYSICS.

=============================================


An exhibit of the FUN CORRIDOR

========================================
your contributions are invited kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com

The Fractal Aurora/Airglow Dance Observation during the Partial Solar Eclipse of 1st Aug 2008 at Visakhapatnam(India)

by Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana
Dated: 1st August 2008
ABSTRACT
The concept and observation by me of Fractal Aurora/Airglow has been presented giving details of the occurrence of partial Solar Eclipse of 1st August 2008 at Visakhaptanm. Schematic diagrams, pictures are given to depict the model and observations made during the period of eclipse from Noon to the Sun set. Categorizations of Airglow/Aurora Borealis and spectral features specific to the 1st August 2008 Solar Eclipse have been explained. Significant findings and conclusions drawn are enumerated. The Heat Islands of Visakhapatnam are very significant for Airglow studies.
Interpretation of Fractal Aurora/Airglow of 1st August 2008 in terms of Julia Set, like that of a necklace, would a simple and easy way to describe the occurrence of the day glow at Visakhapatnam. But the deeper look into at the event would reveal the need of a sophisticated theoretical model to explain the mechanism. The author’s model and views giving these details would be given in a later blogspot post at this site.
Key Words:
Aurora Borealis, Fractal Aurora/Airglow, spectral features, Visakhapatnam pollution, Volcanoes ash, Golden-Yellow Aurora, Suvarna, EUV, X-Ray, UV, Total Solar Eclipse, 1st August 2008
I. Introduction:
In 1937 Stomer [1] gave a theory of aurora borealis. Sun-lit aurora was observed in Norway in the night of March 22-23, 1920. After sunset and before sunrise the aurora rays, have a considerable higher position than in the middle of night. Violet-grey aurora appeared in September 8, 1926. The aurora extended from West horizon to the central North sky and disappeared at around 300-500Kms height. The ionized gas in aurora discharge of the ionosphere is in fact plasma. Plasma spectacular aurora borealis occurs due to energetic electrons etc precipitation to lower ad more dense layers of atmosphere that produce electrical discharges and light.
Sunlit aurora * with unusual color and scintillation occur near the regions where the sun had set suggesting that its positioned in upper atmosphere in full sun shine. Usually red aurora occurs at a height of 100Kms to 500 Kms. Absorption of UV light by ions around 100 to 300Kms makes the atmosphere electrically conducting. Excited molecules emit visible light aurora borealis. The solar-wind stream of photons and electrons compresses geomagnetic field causing fluctuations of strength of geomagnetic field and its configuration. [2].They are operative around 100 to 1000 Kms region very efficiently.
Instabilities of Van Allen radiation belt cause particle drifts and suppression to the lower dense atmosphere. Usually aurora is yellow- green and at considerable heights it is red in color. But at lower heights Orange color predominates. Oxygen red occurs at low pressures while Green atomic Oxygen at lower levels. Molecular Nitrogen produces red shade that extends over lower layers. Aurora spectra colors are a thumbprint of Atom and Molecules responsible for its origin.

Photochemical reactions involving Oxygen and Nitrogen occur at 80 to 110 Kms.The object of the present article is high light the studies made by the author on the aurora spectral display observed on the 1st August 2008 evening between 1.30PM to 7.00PM and especially during the total solar eclipse time of 4.03PM to 6.05PM. The solar eclipse was only partial at Visakhapatnam covering about 20% of the solar disk. An account of the energy transfer and an analysis of the possible flux of transfer events, pressure pulses and the instability features, due to interaction of ionosphere and thermosphere, that have occurred at the time of Total Solar Eclipse have been assessed to gain knowledge on the event of the partial solar eclipse at the coastal city of Andhra Pradesh. At 90km photochemistry is complex due to high pressure that prevails at these heights .Lyman-Alpha ionizes NO concentration of the ions being 1E+08 per cc or less at 70Kms.The EUV ionizes O molecules in the state O₂(¹Delta _g). Hard X-rays 0f 2-8 Angstroms ionize all constituents acting mainly on O₂ and N₂ Alkali metals provide emission by resonance scattering. Visible at twilight are several atoms and ions of Ca, Li, K, and Na. The gyro-frequencies for electrons and ions W _e and W _i are respectively 8.5E+06 and 250 rads/sec.

The vertical threshold of magnetic rigidity at latitude around 17 ⁰ sets the energy of probable impinging particles, from the sky is about 12.46 Giga Volts. Solar UV radiation heats up the atmosphere in 15 to 80Kms height. Upwelling motion (Hardley Circulation) and coldest tropopause temperature are very significant. NO ₂ content is 125% more in the evening times than in the morning (5E+14 cm^-3). Land surface processes influence tropical aerosols up to 13Kms. At stratospheric altitudes >17Km, volcanoes eruptions are important.

The Visakhapatnam sky is fully loaded with Volcanoes gases and submicroscopic particles of Volcanoes ash, which would perhaps reside in the atmosphere over years of time. They concentrate over 17Kms to 30Kms at a peak of 23-25Kms for months. Multiple scattering events do take place due to sunlit radiations.
II. Aerosols:
Pollution due to aerosols and role of particulate matter in atmosphere has been studied by Noble and Prather [3] in 1998. I state that during the time of Total Solar Eclipse aerosols and particulate matter of the terrestrial atmosphere near the coastal region of Visakhaptnam has considerably modified. Solar Cosmic Rays [3] on neutral atmosphere produce N⁺₂, O⁺₂, and electrons also protons (10 to 100MeV) and Alpha particles. Positive ions are abundant near the equator. The acidic molecules play a role in the heights between 32 and 43 Kms. [4]

The environment pollution of terrestrial atmosphere is by metallic objects and burnt ashes of space vehicles, debris of these vehicles and their exhaust gases, Nuclear Powered planetary flights residuals, gas emissions from global mega industries, human population waste material vapors and thrown away chemicals, mega transport and oil tanker movements and other Nuclear & warfare fire powder emissions. Plasma Space ionosphere conditions have totally changed due to recent earthquakes and volcanic events.
III.Airglow:**
K.V.Narasinga Rao et al [5] studied airglow interactions with microwave radiation [see at this blogspot article posted dated: 23rd July 2008 by the present author]. Airglow is by emission of photons produced in recombination of ionized and dissociated atmospheric particles by UV light absorption[6].Yellow light is due to Sodium Doublet 5890/96 Angstroms and Red doublet 6300/6364 Angstroms at 200-300Kms height and the Green line 5577 Angstroms airglow is by excited Oxygen atoms. These occur at middle latitudes and Upper atmosphere. Emission processes are resonance scattering, fluorescence, chemical association ionic reactions, photo-electron transfer and excitation species transfer. Transfer from vibrationally excited N₂, O₂, and OH is possible.
IV. Observations made by the author on 1st August 2008:
The partial eclipse started at 4.03PM and reached its peak around 5.10PM.

Fig.1a) gives the vintage point chosen, on the top of a hillock, to view the partial Solar Eclipse. The sun set path indicated by a dashed line connecting the centers of the shifting disk of Sun, from 4:40PM to 6.30PM.
Fig.1b) This diagram gives view of the Fractal Aurora/Airglow of Golden-Yellow color, as observed by the present author between 5.10PM to almost 5.25PM. Dancing Fractal Aurora/Airglow was an unforgettable & an enchanting experience.
Fig.2 presents a schematic Diagram of the observed partial Eclipse depicting the way in which Moon was obstructing the line sight of the sun. The Fractal Aurora/Airglow is definitely due to a transient effect from the sun on the Lunar edge. Of course, when the scale diagram, is drawn one would note, the sun affecting the entire far side of the Moon surface. The cones of transients, which affect the terrestrial atmosphere and the Lunar surface edge, by the solar eclipse, are shown.

See Fig 1(a) & Fig 1. (b) For the observed Golden Yellow Aurora display ***, that occurred for about 15 minutes. The onset of eclipse effect was actually felt around 1.30PM ,since the sun-light was suddenly bright and temperature were a bit high by about 3 to 4 ⁰ C. The brightness and warm weather [7] lasted up to 5.30PM and around 3.30PM to 4.30PM, the warm breeze was gently blowing across from West to East. The Golden –Yellow reflection from leaves of the big trees could be easily spotted by 2.30PM.At 5.30PM the Blue and Red scattering of clouds increased and again around 5.40PM the bright whitish-golden glow combined with at lower levels an Orange color, was observed over the clouds.

The distant clouds offered spectacular observation of golden lit and grayish-blue flows, similar to that of volcanoes lava flows. The scenario of these river flows of magnificent colors over the clouds gave a panoramic view that lasted till the sunset around 7.00PM. The sun was very intense around 6.05PM and at 6.30PM sunset was unusually dark red in color. At 6.00PM in Vizag the Sun had a reddish glow ring around it with a bright white front view. The Hyderabad atmosphere was slightly different and hence at 6.00PM sun showed Orange, Red, Yellow and front Green colors.



V. Findings and Conclusions:

1). The observation revealed the amazing fractal aurora appearance of Golden-yellow color at the time of peak solar eclipse time. Interpretation of Fractal Aurora/Airglow of 1st August 2008 in terms of Julia Set, like that of a necklace, would a simple and easy way to describe the occurrence of the day glow at Visakhapatnam. But the deeper look into at the event would reveal the need of a sophisticated theoretical model to explain the mechanism. The author’s model and views giving these details would be given in a later blogspot post at this site. This aurora existed for about 15 minutes; its estimated extent was about 300Kms at a height of 110Kms. sporadic enhancement of the Lithium lines are known in the day glow, though the mechanism is unknown. The Na day glow shows a peak around noon time.
2). the resonance absorption enhancement may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the aurora spectra of the Golden-Yellow color. Details of this would be published later.
3).Lunar dust See Fig.2 has definitely been carried by the radiation and deflected by the solar wind streams to the terrestrial magnetosphere regions.
4). The effect of lunar dust fine particulate matter persisted on the terrestrial atmosphere until Sunday evening up to 7.30PM
5). The Volcanoes eruptions that occurred in Indonesia, Andaman & Nicobar Islands have polluted the terrestrial atmosphere at the altitude of 17 to 30Kms.
6). The thermal changes observed are due to the channeled flow of EUV, UV and X-radiations from the sun during the Total Solar Eclipse hours. The eclipse passed over Arctic Canada, Greenland, Western Siberia, Mongolia and China.
The Fig.1 (a) and (b) indicate the simple geometrical orientations of the Sun-Moon at the time of eclipse. The orientation was found to be surprisingly poignant for the observation of the Aurora/Airglow effects.
7). Monday 4th August 2008 night sky was remarkably clear with a faint translucent layer that made almost innumerable stars visible at Visakhapatnam around 9.00PM.
8).On 5th August 2008 Jupiter (in Sagittarius), Deneb, Altair and Vega stars formed a nice parallelogram. The day was very sunny and the night sky was quite clear to view the stars.
9). The Heat Islands [7] of Visakhapatnam identified by Dr. Suhasini Kotcherlakota are very significant for Airglow studies.
10).The Lunar far side and its rim have provided, a dark purple colored metallic rock targets, for transients and solar fast electrons bombardment to produce Lyman-a ,UV and bremmstrahlung X–rays (<10>

VI.ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
The author wishes to express his gratitude to Late Professor K.Rangdhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc. (London), who has inspired and gave constant encouragement. He is also indebted to late Professor Kai Siegbhan, FYSIKUM, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, for the grant of Academic stay in Sweden, under SAEA, UNESCO and IAEA fellowship during the years 1964-1965. He is also grateful to many a Swedish people and staff for their help. Author’s special thanks are to Professor. B.Edlen at University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
VII. REFERENCES:
1. Carl Stomer, Nature, Dt.3rd April 1937, p.5842.
2. a).A.S.Roger ,British Antarctic Survey,UK “Solar wind data shows very significant variations in velocity, density and magnetic field orientation on a time-scale of a minute or less” NOAA Solar Terrestrial Prediction Vol.1,Oct 16-20,p.183 (1990)
b). A Hedberg and H.Derblom, Uppsala Div.of SISP, S-75591, Uppsala, Sweden (NOAA),
Solar Terrestrial Prediction Vol.1, Oct 16-20, p.313 (1990) “Regarding E-propagation on the path Kiruna-Stockholm (1000Kms)”
3 a).Baker D.N et al NASA Pub.1120, Washington D.C (1984)
Solar Terrestrial Prediction Vol.1, Oct 16-20, p.26 (1990)
b). C.Noble and K.Prather, Physics World. Vol.11, No.1, Jan p.39-43 (1998)
4. Science Focus, PRL, Ahmedabad, Vol.5, No.2, Oct.p.70-87, (1994)
5. Dr. K.V.Narasinga Rao, 1. Billerica Rd, Bedford (Mass), USA attended a plasma conference in 1964 that was held at FYSIKUM, University of Uppsala, and Uppsala, Sweden. He has observed during his visit the aurora borealis in Sweden.
6. K.Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) and Theses work submitted under his guidance: He developed a UV-Tube for pioneering work on Series Spectral Lines of Alkali Metals and other Atoms and Ions. He also used the Green Light excitation to determine the exact and accurate spectral wavelengths. Most of these studies made by him in India and London were of great relevance to the aurora mechanisms. Dr.K. Rangadhama Rao witnessed the aurora borealis in Sweden while he was at Fysikum, Univ.of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, with Professor Manne Siegbhan. He also worked at Paschen Berlin Labs of Physics. His colleagues, in Sweden were Dr. B. Edlen and Dr. Mack. (Later at Wisconsin University)
7. Regarding Visakhapatnam reference may be made to Dr. K. P. K Suhasini M.Sc. (Project) entitled “Environmental problems and Disaster management” Dated: 22nd April 2000, for the Department of Environmental Studies, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530002. She asserts “Its natural local climate owes its origin to the peculiar topography---grown into an ugly urban agglomeration-----“.She gave about Heat Islands, the remarks (1). Sirpur concrete structure of surface coverage with asphalt (2) Population density maintains steep thermal gradients (3) are complicated zones with multiple cores corresponding to the nature and distribution of city structures (4). More basic work is needed in Urban Meteorology.
Dr.Suhasini Kotcherlakota M. S (UNK) Doctoral Dissertation “A test of Strategies for Enhanced learning of descriptive Chemistry” awarded by Dean Prem S. Paul, on 5th may 2007, 9:30 O’clock, Lincoln, Nebraska. Advisor Professor David W. Brooks, http://dwb2.unl.edu/apchem/main.html/.
* Author of this article witnessed the aurora borealis while on a flight from Kastrup Airport to Amsterdam, during 20.00 to 21.55 hrs, on the 3rd Monday of May 1965.
** Airglow covers several latitudes and is generally unstructured. A unit of Measure is 1R=1E+06 photons/sq.cm/sec. It is energized by steady solar UV and X-ray emissions. Aurora is a high latitude phenomenon energized by charged particles, in upper atmosphere during solar and geophysical disturbances. It is a structured in both Space and Time but has a vivid variety of displays.
*** Rig-Veda and ancient Indian Scriptures have hymns giving details of SUVARNA (golden) rays of the Sun. According to Astro-panchang of India the eclipse to view is not inauspicious since it is also being viewed by Mercury and Venus planets, especially to those born in the Leo or Simha rasi(Zodiac sign) Eclipse occurred in Pushya Rasi i.e. Cancer and dangerous to view for the people born in this nakshtra!!

This photo shows The Lucia Day at FYSIKUM, University of Uppsala, with the local Orchestra Group. The author was a revere International Fellow invited on that Day. Dr.K.L.Narayana stayed at Granitvagen 4B Apt, in Uppsala during August 1964 to June 1965.

The author had the privilege to meet the Physics Nobel Prize winners in Physics at FYSIKUM, Uppsala, in the second week of December 1964.This photo shows Dr.Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana discussing with Professor Dr. Charles Towens [double prize winner of both the Nobel Prize (Sweden) and the Templeton Prize (USA)]

The picture shows author at Netherlands Sea Port on May 4th, 1965

The Riemann Curvature Vein of Gravitational Soliton Sensor & Gravior (Spin-2 Quanta) Quadrupole Excitations

By
Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana

http://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com/
Dated: 23rd July 2008 at 11.30AM

keywords: Gravior, Gravitational Wave,Gravitational Soliton,
Balanced Pounding Bar detector, After-Glow,Coronal region, small signal technique,Cavitons,Quadrupole excitations, Quantum Gravity,Anttenas
Summary
The Gravitational Soliton excitation of a two-mass system of a Balanced Pounding Bar (BPB) sensor partially immersed in a liquid medium is investigated.The Gravitational Wave (G-Wave) energy translated in terms of Soliton excitation of a surface wave that would eventually dislodge,the BPB to have a free-fall has been analysed explicitly.The involved details of amplitude frequencies and other physical quantities are presented.The Lagrangian and the Equations of Motion were se up.The expression for semi-axes cone angle q subtended by the central point with the bottom circumference of the Bar has been derived.The Equation for the angle q of the BPB sensor, incorporates features of Quadrupole (Spin-2) excitations and as well the surface tension contribution to the normal mode of vibrations of the system.The two modes of vibrations(one with and other without contribution of surface tension of liquid) are found to determine the possible excitation Energy range of the system.The absorption magnitude and the cross-section of translation of G-Wave into the surface Solitary Wave excitation has been detailed out.
The free-fall is visualized by the "Gravior " Quadrupole excitation levels of BPB sensor, essentailly as a conversion of Solitary Energy to the Gravior Quantum system of Quadrupole excitations. Gravior Quanta are also Spin-2 entities and may be considered as akin to Gravitons (or like the phonons of the solid state lattice vibrations). A significant finding is that free-fall could be interpreted from a possible sequence of Gravior Quadrupole Excitation levels..The BPB sensor has been studied, by the author, to have the patent rights reserved to himself, for an advanced technological sensor based on the ideas and concepts outlined and detailed in the present model and its formulation.


I. Introduction

a) G-Waves:

Gravitational Waves (G-Waves) are thought to be small ripples moving along the space-time world lines but with the understanding that it is not possible to distinguish which parts of the space-time curvature sustain ripples and which constitute the universe at large space-time structure. [1]. Waves from a supernovae explosion in Virgo Cluster of galaxies yields about 4x10³⁸ erg/cm²/ Hz in about 0.3 seconds or 2E-03 seconds. But Supermassive objects can give out ~1E+41 to 1E+56 erg/sec with a flux at earth as 1E-03 to 1E+12 erg/sec cm². The out put power in thee form of G-Waves is 1E+30 to 1E+32 ergs/sec and flux at earth is ~ 1E-10 to 1E-12erg/sec/cm².{Ref 1 Box 36.3}. Einstein asserted that at infinitesimally small levels the metric components and gravitational perturbation propagate with the same velocity as light.It is the object of present article by me, to separate out the several effects,to a reasonable extent,to get a clear picture of G-Waves and pave the way for a Quantum Gravity Theory.


(b)Mechanism:

The mechanism of the generation of G-waves lies in its quadrupole nature. Power output factors differ between Electromagnetism and the Gravitational contributions. The later involves a 1/5th factor as contrasted of 1/20th factor suggested by Electromagnetism.The G-waves reaching earth originate from a dynamic and deformed systems, such as gravitationally collapsing entities,Black Holes, Supernovae and Pulsars. In a pulsar phase, gravitational radiation is important only when the star is deformed from axial symmetry. The deformation that involves only 1000th part of star mass could radiate 10E+13 ergs/ sec, may be the youngest pulsar of a crab nebula.
A significant point to be noted is that the off-axis directional magnetic moments beam out radio waves, light and X-ray that NASA and Japanese have extensively investigated as pulsar waves. G-waves from massive have a frequency 3000Hz and last for about 1/3 second. Impulse events, such as bursts of radiation entitled have been listed in Box 76.2 of MTW book on Gravitation [1].

They suggest to investigate bursts of waves from debris falling into a black hole, collisions between two black Holes, and supernovae explosions. The typical Binary Stars h-Cas,x -Boo, Sirius, Fu-46 produce a flux at earth 1.4x10E-29,6.7x10E-28,1.3x10E-24 and 7x10E-26erg/cm²/sec .Neutron stars and Black Holes of radii 10kms could produce a flux at earth of order of magnitude 2.7x1012 erg/cm²/sec[4].


c). Cosmic Rays:

It has been realized that in the source of gravitational waves, the gravitational effects are tightly interwoven with the local hydrodynamic and local plasma physics. Pulsating radio sources of pulsar can be produce cosmic rays. The total energy involved in solar flare emission is of the order 10E+31ergs in cosmic rays and 10E+27ergs in Type IV radio bursts coming out from a small area of 1E+19 cm². The flare generates about 1E+31 or 1E+32ergs in duration of time of 10³ and 10⁴ seconds. The mechanism suggested is the annihilation of magnetic field energy density (which is high near sun spots) into kinetic energy. The fields are as high as 2k to 3k Gauss over area of several million square Kms. The current required to produce a field of say 3k Gauss in a large sun spot comes to something like 1012 Amperes over an area of several million kilometers.

The microwave background at earth is received from all directions with nearly same temperature about 2.7 ⁰K and about 4E-34 gm/cm³. It's presumed to be isotropic. Gravitons and neutrinos have their temperatures red shifted in accordance with the law T ~ 1/r expansion of the Riemann Tensor and consequently today their temperature should be roughly 3⁰K.

Cosmic rays observation by Hess and Kolhorolen (1911-1913) provide that the energy density in interstellar space as about 1.0eV/cm³ or 1E-12erg/ cm³.This is within the range of energy of a star light, or a cloud of ionized interstellar gas.O.Klein and H.Alfven [5] hierarchic cosmology of matter in an asymptotically flat space-time is not consistent with the cosmic ray observations.V.F.Hess observed cosmic rays flying in a gondola balloon in Austria on August 17th, 1912 and found them to increase in intensity above the surface of earth. There exists small difference in fractional abundances of different elements in cosmic rays and the universe. The sources of these rays have been thought to contain Carbon, Silicon or Iron. These and otter primary cosmic ray particles, have energies of 1E+09eV to 1E+20eV.

With consideration of universal Microwave background the energy range extends from 1E-07 eV to 1E+20 eV. The study also indicated that power law having a negative exponent, ascertains the decrease of flux with increasing energy of the particle. The three energy intervals found are 1E+10 eV to 1E+16 eV. In the low energy region Sun plays a dominant role. The Sun is also known to emit during some solar flare events charged particles in this low energy range. These are known as Solar Cosmic rays and are found to be anisotropic. It’s also found that an Astrophysical 1E+10 eV (10GeV) electron could by interaction with weak magnetic field ~ 10 ^-6 Gauss of Galaxy can give rise to a photon of 1E -07 eV (g=12.4m. Electron of 1 GeV energy emit radio waves with wavelength of 300m to 3 cm. Crab Nebula in blue continuum
light show that 10² to 10³ GeV electrons would be harmonized and they might be existing there.G-ray and X-ray photons are much more directly associated with radio-sources (synchrotron). X-ray Sun with thermal plasma >= 1E+06 ⁰K gives an output energy of 1E+23 ergs/sec.

The magnetic fields of solar system cannot contain or confine particles with energy in excess of 1E+03 GeV/nucleon. Supernovae explosion produce 1E+49 to 1E+52 ergs in about 50 years time and thus supply 1E+40 to 1E+43 ergs/sec.It’s very interesting that even to-date certain occult philosophers in India, continue to practice the observation of what they term as cosmic flow of light during the wee hours of early mornings. They claim that they observe about seven different kinds of flows, but some occultists claim that they observe only about four of them. Question remains thus why only Microwave background of the Big Bang was observed?

II.Plasma Solitons:

Interaction of EM waves in gaseous plasmas immersed in magnetic fields was the subject of experimental observations by Rao et al [5]. After a pulsed hot gas discharge akin to magneto plasma of afterglow, due to self-modulation, the energy state of the gaseous plasma changes. Each wave packet propagates in slightly different plasma than the previous one Rao et al[5]. Momentum transfer collision between light and heavy constituents of plasma, in certain conditions, hinders energy transfer. The energy of particle in this situation grows in between collisions. During after glow of the beam-treated plasma, this modulation of plasma density exists in the form of density wells and bunches. Rao et al [5] have given
details of how the EM energy is transferred into kinetic energy of a charged constituent of plasma confinement gets altered, with concomitant collision frequency changes. The wave bunches propagate along the magnetic field without spreading. Width of individual pulse comprises the wave packet. Non-linear wave packets due to cross-modulation Rao et al[5] propagation speeds depend on their amplitudes.In a stable equilibrium set between the effects of non-linearity and dispersion and during that phase a part of initial disturbance is converted into escaping soliton. Wave packets could convert to the stable soliton state with increasing amplitude and decreasing size just when the packet size exceeds the Debye radius.The cavitons found by Rao et.al.[5]have a size of the order of several Debye radii.The life time of sustenance of cavitons has been reported as much more than the collapse time of a Longmuir effect. The plasma density oscillations with the cavitons,of course, has been found to go with the double or multiple excitation frequencies of EM waves. Discrete character of the small signal amplitudes realized in the experiments performed by Rao et al[5] is finer than the conventional spectroscopy spectra of scattered EM waves, especially in the regions where the cavitons exist. The EM wave treated plasma during the afterglow led to observation of plasma density cavitons and bunches, which correlate with the bunches of KVNRao et al[5]. These bunches can travel considerable distances along the magnetic field without spreading. It is this feature that suggests the soliton formations.

Energy characteristic of gravitational soliton produced in a solar disturbed condition (not necessarily near a sun spot) I found it to be of the order of 0.286J. The angular frequency involved has the range from 39.51rad/s to about 55.882rad/sec. The two masses involved are m₁=M (39)=0.39Kg and m₂=M(55)= 0.195Kg.


III.Gravitational Plasma:

Chandrasekhar thought of a gravitational force separates the light and heavy charged constituents of a star coronal region. But the contention of the present author is that these separations become oscillatory and produce in turn a gravitational soliton. This idea is the spinal concept of the new formulation and model given in the present article. The EM soliton energy gets absorbed in the generation of gravitational solitons.


IV. DETECTORS:

Joseph Weber [7] gave the limit of Cosmic flux of G-Waves as <>2/sec/Hz at frequency 3.1 E-04 Hz. Dyson[8] stated that an elastic solid to have a response amplitude 2E-17 cm which is too small relative to seismic noise. The fundamental quadrupole modes of earth and Moon are found to be 54m and 15 m respectively. The Earth-Moon system separation as a G-Wave detector gives the limit of mass of G-Wave as <10e-13>3 . Weber used Al bar of 153cms length and diameter 66cm and weight 1.4E+06g, suspended by a wire and decoupled totally from its surroundings effects. He found that 1660Hz could be excited due to G-Waves.
Douglass[9] by a vibrating bar detector of arbitrary shape sought to have a range of fundamental frequencies that could be excited by G-Waves. Waves from Pulsars and from SuperNovae in other galaxies, were thought to become well registered with advent of new detectors. Waves from a massive star collapse suggested to be detectable, with sensors to gauze changes in vibration amplitudes of
order <= 1E-15cm in the time scale of 0.1 to 0.3 secs.G-Waves interact not only with matter but also with EM waves etc and so devices are suggested to exploit these interactions. In 1986 Weber[7] gave an article on gravitational antennas and search for gravitational radiation. Identification of gravitational radiation in terms of G-Waves seems to be a theme of research to provide vital information about the Universe. Dynamic space-time curvature measurement is sought to give development of antennas for Einstein’s G-Wave detection. People have accepted the curvature of space-time as the geometrical machinery behind the gravitation phenomenon. . A simple xx component of tide producing acceleration is given by

R^x_0x0 =w²= 4*p*r/3

with
w as the angular velocity of a moving particle, r being the density of planet. This formula implies the need of
two masses to measure a reasonable local affect of gravitation. The non-local physics is determined by the generation of gravitational field that could be obtained by solving the Einstein’s equations.


V.BPB Sensor:

The ancient Indians believed that a simple apparatus can be used to detect the gravitational impact during the period of an off-set of solar eclipse. The experimental set up they have used consisted of balancing a pounding bar (BPB) of length about 1.8m and diameter of 5 cm, which was made to stand erect in a bucket full of water.The free fall of the bar ,due toan impact of the gravitational affect of the Sun,following the off-set of Solar Total eclipse, was considered as an indication of the influence of the Sun’s power(Shakti).

This simple experiment,of course, is akin to the two-masses vibratory detector responding to linearly polarized G-Wave, but differs from what are termed as Weber Bar detectors. Various Types of mechanical detectors have been reviewed by MTW[1] who assert the role of concept of cross-section in the flux utilization of G-Wave energy by the detector.

An overview of detectors for which concept of cross-section is useless have been given by Press and Thorne[10].Bandwidth Press and Thorne[10].Bandwidth of antenna and coupling of antenna to the displacement sensor and noise considerations have been emphasized in the futuristic detector/sensor scenario for detecting and monitoring the G-Waves.
It is a more of thoughtful exercise by the present author to see how bandwidth concept can be neatly incorporated in the detailed analysis
of the free-fall of pounding bar sensor used by the ancient Indian astro-panchang pundits.

VI.The BPB Sensor Details:

See the Fig.1 and Fig.2 for the details of the “Balanced Pounding Bar" Sensor. The distance above the surface of the water is decided by the buoyancy and gravity forces balancing the pounding bar in the bucket of water. The BPB sensor differs from Weber bar in the sense that we have two different mass entities involved. The BPB could be thought to akin to alight structure with lumped masses, but important difference is that we have a G-Wave impact that knocks of the sensor to have a free fall. The Bar is not bound rigid to the bottom surface of the bucket of water, but is maintained just balanced. This is ingenuity of the ancient BPB sensor used by the astro-panchang pundits. The two degrees of freedom of BPB system is visualized by the author. The restoring forces of the two masses m1 and m2 differ since the m2 mass is a result of immersion in water. The Lagrangian has been constructed and the equation of motion for the semi-apex cone angle of the BPB sensor has been obtained.
(See Fig.1 and Fig.2 for details).The distances r1 and r2 that depict the horizontal natural vibration are sufficient to formulate the Lagrangian of the BPB sensor and derive an equation for the semi-apex cone angle. The radius r of the bar is 0.025m.

In this method of analysis of BPB sensor an advantage is gained by involving the water surface (along with its surface tension properties) to be subjected to a solitary wave absorption and concomitant excitation. A LASER experimental technique may be a simple way to asses the extent of depths and heights involved of the solitary wave excitation. But analytical approach seems to be more sound and useful to determine the characteristic features of the BPB sensor.

VII. GRAVITATIONAL RADIUS OF BPB Sensor:

Sensor usefulness is its cross-section for absorbing G-Wave energy. The steady-state solution of the Equation of Motion of the sensor gives an expression for j (refer Fig.2).Note that we use b for the projection of Quadrupole [11] semi-major axis on the sensor’s axis.

The driving force, of course, since Spin-2 nature of G-Waves[1] entity (1/2)*w²*A₀ represents the tidal acceleration quantity i.e. related to the Riemann Curvature Components, produced by the Soliton Wave. The gravitational radius of BPB sensor is 2*M=4.6Kg * 0.74E-28 cm/g=1.702E-25 cm which is three order’s of magnitude less than that of a Weber bar detector.

Wavelength of resonance radiation is 4.8E05 Km. i.e. about 0.07*Rs, where Rs is the Sun radius. This is very interesting and significant finding unlike only 200Km for a Weber Bar detector. This is seven orders of magnitude lesser than of a Weber Bar ratio. The Q value is 39.51 that give the fraction of the energy dissipated per radian of oscillation. I expect the soliton impact would resonate with the BPB sensor device which I term as G-sharp resonance. (Soldiers marching over a suspended bridge is another example of a sharp resonance.) Conversion to Quadrupole excitation makes it resemble a flat resonance.


VIII.Quadrupole Excitations:

The obtained body Quadrupole moment for the excitation is found to be 0.315 m2. Conversion of gravitational soliton surface disturbance to a gravitational Quadrupole excitation is the main concept of the phenomenon that I proposed in this article. The incoming incident flux T^GW is found to be 0.02J/cm²/sec. I am happy to state that the amplitude of driving force of the conversion is of magnitude A₀=113.6 which is a constant, for the said experimental set up. But with w₂=55.9 rad/sec A₀=80.33.Technically speaking in terms of the two modes of vibrations of the BPB sensor the magnitudes of the Quadrupole moments are 0.123 Kg. m² and 0.061 Kg. m².

Quadrupole gravitational excitation define here as “trace-free part of the second moment of the mass distribution of BPB sensor” (See Ref[1] page 977) with a distinction of it being specified in terms of the ellipsoid of the semi-major (a) and semi-minor (b=c) axes. (Refer the Fig.1)

Ambiguity in the notation has been avoided adopting the analogy off investigations made earlier by the author [11].
It is well known that deformation of the Sun, i.e. Solar Oblateness or Quadrupole Moment causes shift in perihelion of Mercury and the dimensionless parameter is J₂. For Sun it is <= 3E-05 as per 1972 experiments. IX.GRAVIOR:

The energy packets that constitute the Soliton get involved succinctly in a Quadrupole mode of excitation, obviously it differs from a fluid model,
in the sense that the former has about 1000 times more energy than the later. This is indeed, a feature of the present theory that soliton interaction would lead to a Quadrupole excitation that dislodges the buoyant balanced system of the pounding bar in the water filled bucket.

The release of some Graviors of Spin-2 of excitation energy, in quantum units (n+5/2)*h/ (2*p)
*w_gr with integral n could be a feasible proposition. This idea triggers several alternate theories and options of understanding the Quadrupole Gravitational Excitations.h/ (2*p) *w_gr defines a uniform spacing of the Quadrupole excitations. And so essentially quantum field theory has been found out in this formulation. The order of magnitude of h/ (2*p) *w_gr is derived using the normal mode of vibrations of BPB sensor to be in the range 4.2E-33 to about
5.9E-33 ergs. The number of Graviors involved is from 4.9E+31 to about 6.9E+31 depending on the normal mode of vibration of the BPB sensor.




X. CONCLUSION:

The theory proposed here envisages that cross-section plays an important role in the sense that the amplitude of gravitational force gets modified as the inverse square of the normal mode of vibration of BPB sensor.This would off-set all Newtonian gravitational effects and results a free-fall of the Pounding bar. Thus incoming flux as felt in terms of the curvature of the space-time has something to do with the square of the normal modes of vibrations of the system.Sensor absorbs energy from the G-Wave which in turn is essentially determined by the product of amplitude square times the cross-section offered by the BPB sensor. So the theory is strong in the sense that the incoming flux of G-Waves as sensed by the BPB sensor is solely due to the square of the amplitude of G-Wave.The range of natural mode of vibrations of BPB sensor hence sets the limit for the Quadrupole excitation of Graviors, by virtue of absorbed energy and curvature of space-time in a free-fall situation.

The free-fall is visualized by the Gravior Quadrupole excitation levels of BPB sensor essentially as a conversion of Solitary wave energy to the Gravior Quantum system of Quadrupole excitations.
BR>

Fig.3 Professor Kotcherlakota lakshmi Narayana in the center with some foreign delegates at a Conference held in nagpur University during the 1980s






XI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

The author is deeply indebted to Late Prof. K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London) for selecting him to join the CSIR Scheme N0.44 entitled” Nuclear Quadrupole Moments” at JVD College of Science & Technology, Andhra University, Waltair (See Ref 12) as a Junior Research Fellow( during the years 1961-1964) at his laboratories. The author also expresses his gratitude to him for the inspiration and constant guidance provided.

Fig.4 K.Rangadhama Rao C.S.I.R Scheme (1960-1972) presentation

XII. REFERENCES:
[1].
(a)Charles W. Misner, Kip. S. Thorne, John Archibald Wheeler, Book “Gravitation”,
W.H.Freeman Company, San Franscisco, chap.35-38 and pages. 990,1004,1047.(1973)
(b).See Also Ref [5] given below: "Discovery stellar core collapse events using Satellite-born RF detectors, (Type II core stellar collapse )"
Astrophysics Space Science Vol.314, p.275-279 (2008)
MEMP =1E+43 ergs during the time of 2mS
at l= 100KHz Antenna of about 1 meter Intensity at distance pof R=1light Year (ly) is L=500/(R*R)W/m². Sensitivity of Antenna 7E-17 W/m² with R=2.69E+09 ly.
(c). Solar system Radio Astronomy Ed.J. J.Aarans, Plenum Press (1965)
[2].
a)H.Ogelman, J.R.Wayland, NASA, SP-199, Washington DC. 1969
b)The Polar Aurora by Stormer Oxford Press Ltd (1955)
c)SS Degaonkar book “Space Science and Earth Environment” Gujarat University, Ahemadabad, 1975 and D.Lal, Space ScienceRev.Vol.14, p.3 (1972)
d).DJMullan "Cosmic Ray Energy from Flare Stars",Ap.J. Vol.234.p.585-596(1979)
e) Cosmic Rays by A.M. Hillas, Pergamon Press, (1972).
[3] a) N.L.Kotcherlakota,”A new formulation on the nature and origin of TypeII Radio Bursts and categorization”
WISTEX-90 Session CS-a-II, p.16, Centaur Air Port Hotel, Mumbai, 6th Feb1990
b). K.L.Narayana,” Buti et al Vs Narayana Models: Fine structure of Type IV Solar Flares and Cometay Plasmas.” Physics Colloquium Lecture, Solar Terrestrial Environment laboratory, Toyokawa, 3-13, Honohara, Nagoya University, Aichi 442 Japan Dated 20th August 1990.
c) Kotcherlakota .L.N. “A New Non-Linear Plasma Large Amplitude Wave Equation and
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d). Kotcherlakota L.N. “On waves and Plasma in the environments of Comets “
5th Asia Pacific Conf. Aug 10-15th, 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
e). Kotcherlakota L.N.,”On the time profiles of Solar Radio Bursts of the “SPIKE” type”, 5th Asia Pacific Conf. Aug 10-15th, 1992, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
This paper adopted Plasma Wave described by soliton-like terms
arcSech (-T/t_d) *arcCosh (t/t_d)
where T, t and t_d are duration of soliton-like profile, time variable and the damping constant.
The later is characterizes the collisions.
(g). Rajaraman.R,Solitons and Instantons,North-Holland Pub,Amsterdam (1989).
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Proc. of 4th Asia Pacific Conference,Seoul, Korea p.801-804, Aug 13-17th,1990.
[4]. A.Hewish, Ann Rev. Astron.Astrophysics Vol.8, p.265 (1970)
O.Klein, H.Alfven, “Hierarchy Cosmology of matter in an asymptotically flat-space-time”, Ark.Fys, Vol.23, p87-194, (1962)
[5] K.V.Narasinga Rao et al, ” Interaction of Microwaves in gaseous Plasmas Immersed in Magnetic Fields”,
Proc. IRE, Vol.49, Number 12, December p.1877-1889, (1961).
[6] S.Chandrsekhar, book on “PLASMA”, CPU
[7]. Joseph Weber “Gravitational Antennas and the search for Gravitational Radiation” p.1-77, Sir Arthur Eddington Centenary Symposium”
Proc.on Gravitational Radiation and Relativity, Vol.3, World Scientific, Singapore, 1986.
[8] S.Dyson F.J Astrophysics J Vol.156, p.529-540(1969)
[9] Douglass D.H.Jr, Proc. Conf. Expt.Tests of Gravitational Theories”
CIT, JPL, Nov. 11- 13, Tech Memorandum 1970 also see Nature Vol.229, p.34-36 (1971)
[10] I.L.Shapiro et al, Phy. Rev Lett, Vol.28, p1594-1597
[11]
a) K.L.Narayana et al,” Molecular Quadrupole of N₂ and O₂“, Shivaji University Journal Vol.6, p.32, 1973
b) K.L.Narayana “The Uranium Quadrupole moment based on a Dual ore fissionable Model” Current Science Vol.38. p.261. (1966)
c).K.L.Narayana, " On Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance in TiCl ₂ and CrCl₂ crystals" J.Chem.Phys.Vol.43, No.8, p.2916 (1963)
d).K.L.Narayana “Quadrupolar Binding of Gravitational free Quarks”, GR-10 Conf. Univ.of Padov, Institute di Fisica, “G.Galilei”, Italy.
e) K.L.Narayana et al, "On Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Constants of Chlorine isotopes and Dipole moment of Br Cl ^35,37 Molecules", Indian Journal of Physics, Vol.37, No.5, p.261 May 1963.
[12] K.Rangadhama Rao et al, No.44, C.S.I.R Scheme entitled “Nuclear Quadrupole Moments” p.89 Phys.Conf. and Symposium on Solid State Physics, I.I.Sc, Bangalore, 1-3 Feb. 1960
[13] Occultists: The author had a very brief talk, during Oct 1975, with one late “Rasa Swamy”(Samadhi now in Divi Place of Godavari river) who
was an expert on Himalayas Medicinal Plants and who told me that he visited Germany 22 times to work with some firms. He was also an expert in
solidifying metals like mercury using some juices of plant materials, but I was at that time was not interested. The other living occultists whom the
author had a privilege to meet, in Yr.2004 is Dr. Cherravoori Sri Rama Sarma of Gauthami Vidhya peetam, Rajahmundry,Phone.08832460148 and
his son Ch.K.Padmanabham, their ideas to establish a research centre on occult science was in vain to-date.

The InflatPhysics

The InflatPhysics
By Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana
Dated: 12th June 2008 Posted at Time: 8.00 P.M.
Key words: Peramma Action Constant, nutritional rads, nrads, Entropy,
Telugu names, NVP, Inflation Dangers, Physics of Inflation
http://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com/
Summary:
A new theory of Physics of Inflation has been presented giving the details of a socio-economic Entropy model. The Peramma Action Constant of 3.51 cal/kg has been found out. A new law of socio-economic entropy has been enunciated. The logarithm nature of the entropy expression has been worked out.
A Net Value Product/Produce (NVP) expression is defined, involving global Inflation index. The K-factor, the sum of premiums due to various partitions ,such as Bribes, Black-Marketing, Diesel, & fuel hikes and less fodder input etc, asserts the cost escalate of the NVP.
A tabulated analysis of these premiums is also suggested as an alternative to get NVP, pertaining to the period of inflation.
Four new formulae have been defined that outline the weigthages preference of a poor man strategy to fight the soaring prices of essential commodities. The disorder /or a chaotic state of the socio-economic system, hints at increase of Entropy that signifies the low-caloric nutritional compromise by a common man in India. The inflation is widening the nutrition gap between the haves and the have-nots. This is an unfortunate challenge facing all the developing nations. The measures taken, suggestions made and the food security achieved by the Indian Nation have been explicitly stated. This study should serve as a guideline for the WTO and WFP global efforts.
Introduction:A new subject of the Physics of Inflation has been proposed. The study of it would help to gauge the parameters underlying Inflation phenomenon. The significance of such a study would reveal the salient features (good or bad) of Financial Management, Agricultural Productivity, and business statistics and market strategies. Not only at National level, has the InflatPhysics hinted at a rational behind a global enterprise. A silent hunger tsunami is gripping the world due sky rocketing cost of food commodities coupled with the soaring fuel and oil prices.
Some pundits think that, Inflation is largely driven by International Market. Education and strategic partnerships at all levels have led to corrisable practices and some of these outweigh efforts being made for the progress of the nation.
America, Caribbean, Africa and Asia nations tend to hate China and India for their phenomenal demands of volume of consumption
WTO ordered the 27-nation EU to end 80 year preferential trade ties with former colonies, since they are unfair to nations excluded from the arrangement. But 15 Caribbean rich nations did sign up to a phased-in free-trade pact, including the opening up of services and investment markets that make them more prosperous.
It seems rice price doubled in about five weeks’ time in some nations WFP projected that food prices increased by 83% in three years time. The diesel price zoomed from $39 a barrel to &140 in about four years from 2004 to 2008. A WFP meeting was held at Rome that was amazed at Indian’s effort to grapple with the food crisis.
Govt.of India activity:
Government of India activity includes 1) Chief ministers conference on issue of price rise ii) Abhijeet Sen committee report iii)Blamed global food scenario for the unprecedented price rise in month’s of April/May 2008.iv) Scenario in India is much better as their prices are the lowest in the world, of course, i.e. at an unacceptable level. v) National Rural Employment guarantee scheme (RES) ,though might have benefited only the dominant communities living in rural areas, and the Old age pension scheme had enhanced purchase power of those until now were living below poverty line. vi) No magic wand to control inflation unless India produces more. Measures are only of temporary nature. Vii0.Since 1990 Agricultural sector was neglected and only recently there is enhanced public spending on agriculture to boost production. Viii) Government lifted the surplus stacks of potatoes and onions as requested by some states. Ix) Government procured more than targeted stock of wheat and rice assuring food security of the Nation. Bihar topped the list for wheat procurement.
GOI Measures:
a).Banning future trading in four essential commodities that hasn’t helped price control. b) Cuts denied in centers quota to states under Public Distribution Scheme (PDS). c) Rules out any hike in the Minimum support price (MSP) of wheat and Paddy. d) Appealed to states to contribute the central kitty. e) Banning of rice (except Basmati) wheat and reduced import duty on edible oils, ghee, butter to bring down prices. f) To promote intermix, intercrops and hybrid short-term growth of paddy varities, to boost productivity. g). each district would have an agricultural trade and service sector sensitive to inflation. h).RBI hiked cash reserve ratio that sucked out more than Rs.27000 crores from the business system.
Some other suggestions:
1.) no excuses be made to contain inflation.2) strengthen PDS for oil.3) to restructure ad valorem duty on oil and taxes on diesel. 4).stringent measures to check hoarding and blackmarketing.5) to create food security.6). MNCs such as Wal-Mart controls in retail business and agriculture prices to be stopped. 7) Why 32 more essential commodities were included from March 13th, 2008 for future trading?
Upsetting Ventures:
Promotion of Cricket game extragavenza for 44 days that only boosted sale of cheap foreign drinks (with high caffeine content), cultural stuff that made an imbalance of traditional and national wealth promotion. Youth became lazy and their skill power wasn’t tamed. Game money was not spent at least partly for the uplift of downtrodden but helped International media coverage, advertisements lucrative and seductive non-traditional talent exhibits. Also Pubs became fashionable at call centers and MNCs who pay fat salaries. The employees are showing-off the higher purchase power as a pawn shop broker grieved. Alcoholism is gripping the public that directly demands unsocialistic practices contributing to raise the Inflation.

The Caloric Food of a common man : Refer Table 1:

item 68-69 69-70 70-71 71-72 2008
cerels 539 561.8 588.8 597 462
potato etc 421.2 475.2 496.8 486 600
sugar 48 64 80 72 120
pulses/nuts 215.6 224.4 220 207 459
fruits/veg 37.8 32.17 31.54 29.7 128
milk&prod 41.24 38.4 24.53 24.9 92
meat,fish etc 15.36 23.04 26.88 25 120
edible oil etc 81 90 108 90 450
Totals 1399 1509 1577 1532 2432

Table 1: The caloric food of a common man during 1968-72 in india.
The supportive supplemented food by generous sharing by rich families
,charitable trusts,and free availability of fruits,nuts etc gave a boost of
40% in caloric values per capita per day during 1968-1972.

The weather during the years 68-72 was very conducive since lot of vegetation was existing in many towns and cities. Later people from rural setup migrated to urban areas and the unattended rural forest wealth and vegetation gradually dwindled due to exploitation by unscrupulous agencies. In the urban area the cement jungles started sprouting up with the municipal laws unable to implement to preserve greenery and granary around massive constructs including that of Government buildings. The mid-day meals, there is a criticism that it makes the boys lazy and irresponsible with guaranteed bright future. Parents need to be educated to imbibe moral responsibilities in the children.
The work culture has been disturbed due to heavy machinery that has been imported. The denial of work, led to social welfare schemes and abuse of these led to a population boom. Abuse is mainly to get financial benefits from the welfare schemes.
The idea of caloric value, for a healthy intelligent growth has replaced by a lazy luxurious financially beneficial life. No wonder other countries are demanding the abolishment of subsidiaries and let people work hard, earn and prosper.
Refer Table II:
The Prices, Caloric Values (ci) and the Weightages for the Years 2006 and 2008:
The symbols p0i,w0i refer to year 2006 and the symbols p1i and w1i refer to 2008.

commodity Ci p0i w0i p1i w1i Group
Bread/bun etc 400 5 6 10 10 I
sugar 280 1.5 2 4 2 I
potato etc 1600 3.5 10 14 5 I
rice 640 7 10 15 10 I
wheat etc 249 3 10 6 10 I
ravva etc 249 3 10 6 10 I
jaggery 120 0.5 6 1.5 6 I
flours 300 2.5 8 7 8 I
Pulses 1010 6.5 9 10.5 9 II
coconut 250 4 7 10 10 II
peanuts 160 2 5 3 7 II
pepper 32 0.25 2 2 2 II
other spices 50 0.75 2 3 2 II
milk & prod 500 6.5 9 10.5 9 III
liquor/drinks 330 5 6 18 7 III
yoghurt etc 280 3 8 9 2 III
cookin oils 450 4.5 10 13.5 5 IV
edible oils 450 4.5 10 13.5 5 IV
Banana 300 1.5 8 4.5 2 V
tomato 130 1.5 7 4.5 2 V
onion 150 1.5 7 4.5 2 V
brinjal 200 2.5 3 7.5 2 V
other veg 300 2.5 3 7.5 2 V
leafy veg. 0 0.5 4 1.5 4 V
Gauva fruit 180 1 4 3 8 V

Table II: The prices p0i, p1i and weightage preferences
w0i,w1i for 2006 and 2008 respectively
Inflation Dangers:
The Hindu Newspaper dated 24th April 08 reported the plight of weavers. Nearly 300 power loom workers at Sircilla, since 1977 have died due to inflation costs. Work of12hrs on a loom (borrowed) only allows Rs.80/100 a day to earn depending on the production of cloth. Power cuts, advent of jet and auto looms in Maharahstra and Tamil Nadu, left no source of assured income for the weavers. On Rs.2.0 kg rice (of poor quality) the common man was depending, while earlier he was paying Rs.3.0 Kg and about 35kg a month was sufficient. Loans burdened the common man to work as a slave to the mercy of power loom owners and the builders etc. The RES paid for about 100 days an amount of Rs.130/150 depending on the work done by a farm worker. Due to protests it was increased from Rs.80/100 to the present wage of Rs.130/150. Use of Hi-Tech machinery was objected by villagers, so farm workers got the benefit of RES.
But it’s not clear why scores of Agricultural University Professors, Researchers and several National and MOU International Institutes of food crops and biotechnology firms are very mute on the Inflation rate hike in India. They haven’t spelt out what varieties would boost the produce in India. Narendra Institute did much better job. Crores of Rupees, Government is financing these educational and technological endeavors. Are they fruitless?
How much staff of these white collared Institute actually partake “in-field” farming and cultivation with the farmers? Guidelines for district agricultural trade and service sector need to be streamlined so that the staff would become market and field farm sensitive. University and college both teaching and the non-teaching should also be farm and cultivation sensitive. Number of days they work on the fields during June-November of every year must be specified and like the Japanese staff they should be found working on the fields with the farmers.
Increased Rate of Inflation:
In the year April 2008 second week rate of Inflation was 6.34%, in the second week it rose to 7.14%, in the third week it became 7.33%. Month of May second and third weeks registered 8.1% and 8.24%. Governments controlled the cement price at Rs.200/ while it shot up to Rs.250-Rs.270 a bag. Rural schemes now would receive cement at the rate of Rs.145 to Rs. 160 depending on transport distances as per a decision made on April 25th, 2008.
NGRI scientists were not involved to fix the price, quality and mining stages of control of the rich lime soil reserves in A.P. Some mines owners of land haven’t opened up the fields for production of cement.
Palm trees, Bio-fuel (Jastrophe etc) plantations etc. (subsidized heavily) have threatened dwindling of fertile hectares of land in Agricultural bowl of produce in India, buffering increase of inflation rate. Procurement of produce from farmers by private companies, MNC firms and traders does influnces the increase of rate of Inflation. Value of money goes down with price rise and inflation. Workers and salaried people are not interested in real wages, but they now ask how much their income /wage/salary can buy?
It is imminent the inflation rate goes up by about Rs. 2 to 5% every summer season, but at 8.1% and 8.24% were a bit alarming.
Price Index Formulae:
The ideal Index of Fisher involves geometric mean of Lespeyers and Paasche indices. It satisfies time reversal and factor reversal tests. But others contend that these formulae give no meaningful values.
My Theory and Model Formulation:
Below given are the details of my theory and model formulation.
(I) The New Expression:
The standard formulae quoted above don’t reflect the Inflation! So a new concept of” Net Value of Product/Produce” (NVP) has been defined by the present author. The new expression takes into account the inflation in revenues, costs and transport etc.
This expression involves the premium values k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, K and several indices given by the symbols ip etc. They are explained in the Fig.2.
We adopt a Hypothesis: It’s only global index, a major factor that resulted in the May/April 2008 inflation phenomenon in India.How best we can adopt the new expression (NVP), the formulae suggested below for the commodity market strategy? The method of analysis and concepts introduced in this paper make the predictions to move inline with the Inflation. The NVP expression allows the commodity market to be gauged with a futuristic outlook.
[See the Image up loaded: Fig 2.]
In this expression (of NVP) the values of “x” are 0.598, 1.026, 1.455, 1.888, 2.313, 2.743 and 3.172 respectively, for Jan.06, April 06, Jan. 07, Dec 07, April 08 and May 2008.. This index shows the enormous impact of global inflation on the price of half liter milk packet sold in A.P. India.

(II) An analysis by Tabulation Approach:
The present paper also projects a tabulated analysis of item-wise premium factors to estimate the value of K-factor. In this approach, the iglobal becomes redundant and may be dropped. I leave it as an exercise for readers to get a meaningful tabulation method of their own i.e. an easy one to be adopted by GOI.

K-factor k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 NVP
0.75 0.18 0 0.018 0.122 0.11 0.21 10.52
0.723 0.18 0 0.012 0.101 0.12 0.2 9.5
0.691 0.18 0 0.011 0.09 0.06 0.21 8.51
0.646 0.18 0 0 0.106 0.06 0.2 7.43
0.553 0.115 0 0 0 0.05 0.2 5.88
0.485 0.115 0 0 0 0.08 0.2 5.107

Table III: A Tabular Approach of analysis of inflation premiums and
NVP value determination.For the meaning of symbols see image 1
uploaded.

Group Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 2006 2008
I 82 89.4 71.08 78.1 43.5 46
II 7 5.16 6.38 3.4 12.5 18.5
III 5 1.22 7.43 2.03 14.5 14.5
IV 3 1.95 6.54 3.26 26 18.8
V 2 2.27 8.5 4.22 3.5 2.2

TableIV: Percentage caloric values by Dr.P.K.Bose[ref 3] Tables 12-15 &
present author's data for the years 2006 and 2008

(II) Inflation Reversal and Switch Reversal Tests:
The third approach of analysis is by different formulae given as L. P, M and F. It is essential to note that these new formulae involve weightages as set by the uncommon sense of a common man to fight the Inflation costs. He struggles hard to feed the belly of his family. All the four formulae may be subjected to what I termed as “Inflation Reversal Tests”. The object is to get meaningful results of analysis.
New Formulae of Price Index:
Formula 1: what is the change in aggregate value of the base period price of goods when inflation affects cost of essential items? L= sum [p1i*w0i]/sum [p1i*w0i]. The value has been found from the Table 2 data as 2.726.
Formula 2: what would be the Inflation weighted value of the given period price of goods when value weighted for the new prices?
P= sum [p1i*w1i]/sum [p0i*w1i]. Found equal to 1.9618.
Formula 3: Mean of L and P; M=[L+P]/2.0=2.3439 which signifies the influence of inflation on the nerve of the common man purchases.
Formula 4: the opposing base preferences and the weighted choices due to inflation are crossed geometrically. The result is common man strategy to reverse the inflation trend, to meet his living ends for survival.
Note: Not quality or quantity that matters the common man. It is his finances, rupee value and filling the belly of family that matters him most.
Switch reversal of food habits is that what guides him, to live eating even the “grass root foods” of rural India in spite he might be staying in a slum area of an urban colony or a Cosmopolitan city.
My Model of Entropy:
The theory of Entropy presented below gives a best description of disorder or chaotic state of a socio-economic system. The disciplined scientific approach would help India in its cultural and patriotic National developmental endeavor.
Common man sense of adjusting to the purchase of food is the underlying law of socio-economic entropy increase. The weightages he gives (throws) are the values (physical quantities) that guide his survival during inflation. The entropy, of course, has the dimensions of cal/kg, depicting the value of per capita per day of a poor individual. Many facets of my theory could easily evolved by readers of this article; if they do I shall be very happy.
Entropy of a system is a measure of disorder or of chaotic state of the system. Most probable stat of an economic condition corresponding to given conditions of inflation is attained through the weighted preferences of purchase of essential commodities. The entropy therefore should characterize this state. The manner in which the weighted preferences are made dictates the increase or decrease of entropy. This law states that the entropy of an economic situation is determined by the logarithm of sum of products of price, potential calories and the weightage preferences of purchase of commodities, i.e. averaged over the total price of the essential commodities purchased by a common man. For the logarithm to be a dimensionless quantity I have defined an action constant, in the units of cal/kg. Such a constant has been found by me, to have a magnitude equal 3.51 cal/kg.
(See the comment on it, in the notes, given in the section of references.)
The enhanced prices due to the inflation make the entropy to increase and so formula should involve a negative sign. The less negative more the increase in entropy. The chaotic or disorderliness is due to preferential weightage given in purchases. In times of inflation the purchaser has to sacrifice the caloric content of food.
For the data of the year 2006 let I= sum [p0i*ci*w0i]/ {sum [p0i*175}, where p0i is the ith commodity price, ci is its caloric value and w0i is the weightage given by the consumer. The factor 175 relates to the family size of 3.5 people and an average weight of 50kg. The entropy for the year S0=-I*ln (I/3.51) where 3.51cal/kg is the Peramma Action constant found by me.
The Peramma action constant equals 83.87 the nutrition rads, signifying the growth potential of a human organism.
For the data of the inflation year 2008 we have
II= sum [p1i*ci*w1i]/ {sum [p1i]*175} with entropy formula S1=-II*ln (II/3.51). Here p1i, w1i refer to the ith commodity price and consumer weightage value for the year 2008.
The obtained values are S0=-162.15cal/kg and S1=- 121.35 cal/kg. The negative sign indicates that entropy has increased in the year 2008 due to the inflation. The calculations are made taking into account the 23 essential commodities with the liquors/drinks included usually consumed by a common man.
RESULTS:
Four different formulae for the Price Indiex are given that describe the effects of theInflation. The concepts of Inflation Reversal Test and Switch Reversal Tests have been outlined. A new expression to take into account the global inflation index to fix the Net Value of a Product/Produce is presented. As opposed to this a tabulation approach analysis of the soaring price line of a commodity (like the cost of half-liter milk packet) is explained, in terms of appropriate values of certain premiums. The sum total of premiums plays an important role to fix the NVP. Most significantly, the theory and Model formulation that characterizes a socio-economic system (affected by the inflation) is gifted to the economics and the Business management scientists.
A “Peramma Action Constant” i.e. equal to 3.51cal/kg has been found out. This allows dimensionless logarithm expression to be specified in an Entropy characterization of a socio-economic system.
The uncommon sense of a common man in India, has been found to have
requisite intelligence, caliber, cultural heritage and patriotic spiritualism to switch reversal the inflation and help the Nation to sustain in its economic endeavor of National development.
Acknowledgements:
I am deeply indebted and express my sense of gratitude to (Late) Professor K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc(Madras) D.Sc(London) for his inspiration and guidance in my research endeavors.
References:
1. Nutrition and national Development;p.1-22 Dr.P.N.Sen Gupta
Everyman’s Science X,No.1.Feb/March 1975
2. Nutrition research from labs to home, p.6-9, Mrs.Yogini Pathak
Everyman’s Science XXIX, No.1 Feb/March 1994
3. Population-Food equation in India; Editor Dr.P.K.Bose
Eveyman’s Science XII, No.1 Feb/March 1977, p.17-36 (Tables 12-15)
4. The Maximum Entropy Principle ;Prof J.N.Kapur ,p.78-82
Everyman’s Science XXVI, No.3 June/July 1991; {Gives stress on
Mathematical constraints approach rather than rational science}
5. The tale of poverty in the land of plenty; Dr.P.G.Adyakar,p.75-80
Everyman’s Science, XXXI, No.3, 1996
6. Food Science & Nutrition; Vijaya Kaushik
Book pub. Knowledge Plus, Delhi, year 2001.
Note 1.
The Telugu names have very apt description for the essential commodities and spices of India, including Liquors and Drinks. The word “Pappu” implies the protein content of pulses. The difference in words such as Jonnalu, ragi, cholu, bajra, kandulu, pesalu, veru sanga etc imply not only biophysical characteristics but also possible genetic and family of the species to which they belong. The English names like red gram, yellow gram etc don’t imply or carry any scientific content, except of the visual identity by color. They were invented by traders, looters and pirates of the 15th-18th centuries visiting India for selfish reasons. Hence the valuable ancient knowledge about plants, food stuffs, spices and ayurvedic science was lost by modern onslaught of cultural treachery. My research students could undertake research on Telugu Language and these bio-names of plants and spices to ascertain genetics and immunological characteristics.
Note 2:
I termed it as Peramma Action Constant(PAC) ,for an aesthetic beauty of respect to the Lady, so christened by the temple elder priests, who have performed a Vedic yagnam, before her birth in the beginning of 20th century, at a place called Vaddadi village, near to Upmaka Venketeswara Temple(Nakkapalli) and Chodavaram town in Andhra Pradesh, India. The PAC equals about 83.87 nrads. The physical rads (1J/kg=100rads) damage the tissue while nrads (nutrition rads) energies the growth of tissue. Essentially it is the latent nutritional potency heat that sustains the growth of the human organism. ***************************************************************8********