LET THERE BE LIGHT & DARKNESS UPHOLDS THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE

LET THERE BE LIGHT and DARKNESS
UPHOLDS THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUIVALENCE
by
Shri Gollapudi Ramakrishna,
Gollapudi House (Apts).48-1-34, Srinagar (RTC), Visakhapatnam-530016
ABSTRACT:

The Principle of Equivalence asserts therefore that in the Darkness the dissociative things are all equivalent when viewed locally.

INTRODUCTION:
The educational system for imparting the training in mathematics to introduce subjects like Trigonometry should be more human and effortless. The mechanical drudgery of “by hearting” the formulae or trying to remember the relations of Sine and Cosine functions as opposite and adjacent sides of a “rectangled” triangle need to be modified.
Day to day life instances of measurements in terms of the half angles subtended by an arcual distances of objects need to be stressed.
The entire practice of imparting the knowledge should be more practical and shouldn’t be a theoretical boring and monotonous approach of abstract notions. Adoption of imperial techniques of teaching should be replaced by a more local and easy learning by way of stories and vivid descriptions should be made. Use of shadows to measure the big and small (pyramids or humans) heights should be made to actually demonstrate the relations.
Presence of light provides the means of observation. But this makes the human being (or as a matter of fact any living thing) to change from one observation to another observation. That implies the past human is not the same as the post human (or a living life). These records produce thoughts that themselves keep changing. Hence the idea of observation itself is void. Midhya ( branthi) i.e. voidness of observation and thought make living life as not explicit.
ABSENCE OF ETHER:
The light moves with a constant velocity, is made absolute, by Einstein through his postulates of Relativity Theory. He followed Michelson-Morley experiment and established that light propagates and lives in terms of quanta called photons without the support of “ether”. All earlier thoughts of existence of ether and attributes of light are replaced by a quantum of Planck’s Action and attribute of light as either as wave or particle are retained.
(Dr D.V.N.Sarma argued that constancy of light may be explained by stopping and restarting its journey over certain fixed lengths. When it halts at the end of the fixed wavelength it emits, and in travel it absorbs energy and so has constant velocity. He worked out this plan when he was at high school of his studies).
The author Gollapudi Ramakrishna asserts that different wavelengths of light (as a matter of fact electromagnetic waves) have different velocities. He was happy to attend Prof E.C.G.Sudharshan lecture at the 95th session of Indian Science Congress held at Andhra University Hall. He is glad that Einstein’s theories were countered by Prof E.C.G.Sudharshan and alternative ideas of Tachyons have been introduced.
CENTRAL TENDENCY (KENDRIYATA):
The notion that light has absolute velocity and is the limit of physical universe has become the “{central”. This “central tendency” (kendriyata) also exists in religious beliefs of personification of God, Christ or Allah or different kinds of Idol worship. It appears that “human beings” are caught up in this exercise of “central tendency”. It’s a Himalayan blunder! One should get out of this attitude, and then universe appears to be nothing in nothingness.
The creation of universe from one egg (i.e.brahmanda) itself is a “central tendency” of human thought and objectivity. There can be several Brhamandas in fact described as Anant Koti (infinite) Brahmandas.
DARKNESS A SUBSTRATUM:
Virtually there would be darkness without the light. Is it a substratum?
Why is that we need a substratum?
Huygens’s theory of sound originally thought that hairs inside inner ear cochlea identify different wavelengths. Of course, the dividing lengthwise membrane contains sensitive receptor cells which transform sound energy or pressure waves into action potentials.
The membrane has different resonating properties along its length, responds to high frequencies at the stapes and to low frequencies at its upper end. Human ear can distinguish some 400000 different sounds. Mr G.Ramakrishna asserts that, subjectively experienced sound has obviously a cumulative response of all the wavelengths of complex wave.
Similarly touch is a cumulative subjective resonance phenomenon that can perceive the upper layers and as well the substrate.
When a finger touches the top of a parapet wall, it’s not just the dust on the surface but it acquires a cumulative subjective resonance experience of both the upper layer and the substratum.
LIGHT ATTRIBUTE AND TACHYONS:
The reason why the Light has no longitudinal component has been explained to the author by Prof. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Mahayana as follows.
The longitudinal component and the temporal component the Electromagnetic Potential in a 4D (space-time) field configuration on an average mutually cancel out in a summation.
Thus light is only a Transverse wave.
The author Mr. G. Ramakrishna feels that with the ideas of Prof E.C.G.Sudharshan and that failure of Einstein’s view of Relativity. The light needs to be understood (not possible for the author to explicitly state) in a totally different perspective.
God said that there be light and so there was Light. It came from Darkness. What is this Darkness?
ASSOCIATION AND DISSOCIATION:
Light is means of an association of objects, things, perception, intelligence, memory etc. But without Light do you mean to say that all these things won’t exist?
Far beyond the universe Tachyons indicate a perceptible universe where light has also an existence.
Thus Tachyons would make the visible universe as just a thing. Before the creation of the universe or the universes in the darkness, as well things exist, but in a dissociative way!!
The Principle of Equivalence asserts therefore that in the Darkness the dissociative things are all equivalent when viewed locally.
BIODATA:
Aged 54 years. Bachelor. Ex-employee of Indian Bank for 11 years. Vice-Principal of VT College, Dwarkanagar, for several years.
Studied M.Sc. Appl. Physics 1st year and discontinued without appearing for exams, when Prof Veturi Ramakrishna Rao was HOD, AU, and Waltair.

=================================================================
This article is drafted by Prof. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana, since Shri G.Ramakrishna stated that he has to work hard to put the material in an orderly fashion. Shri G Ramakrishna stays in an apartment and sleeps on the floor and spends time reading books, and visiting libraries. Since childhood he has involved himself in discussions with his learned sisters.
==========================================

An Ode to Diode by Mrs A Savitri, SG Lect in Physics

An Ode to Diode

by"savitri ayapilla" sav1955@yahoo.co.in

Mrs AVN College,

Dept of Physics,

Visakhaptnam-530002

Dated 12th October 2008

==================
My dear! beloved diode
What else can I give you other than this small imperfect ode?
I know it’s no comparable to your deed
It’s been twenty three years since I took your name
Like ram nam in all my lectures and circuital kam
Like a tree; gigantic
hidden in a seed; minute
you, the basic active unit
of the entire electronic art –
oh! Dearest friend in need
my entire career revolved
around you
the ways of diode
I thought and taught
Whether I am awake are in bed.
Though there is depletion
due to initial career diffusion
your immobile space charge region
Works wonders beyond our comprehension
What can we give you in return : the best
But for a small bias to make you act
Whether the given bias
Makes or breaks your ways
You hardly care and come to our service
Thus making me pour all these praises
I tell my students
diodes or but switches
with forward bias they are closed
and reverse bias, makes them open
this excellent feature
makes it rectifier
what a wonder and easy means
to convert ac in to dc: for we humans
as half wave or full wave
the least or power losses
thus we could :
with you form very handy bridges
after all isn’t transistor just two diodes back to back
though we shower it with praises for being an amplifier
tunnel diodes, zeners, leds
schottky diodes, pin diodes……………..
all are your varied forms
I recite all these names
Like Vishnu sahasra namas
in sarvakala sarva avasthas
you the basic unit of electronics
you the backbone my lectures
I praise thee! For your price less service

I hail thee! In more and more new forms

================================

Mrs Savitri has exhibited many of these

on the occasion of the 150th Anniversary Science

Exhibition of Mrs AVN College.

The cartoons were drawn by her niece

a computer specialist

=============================

INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY by Shri DN Sinha

INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY
by
DN Sinha A.I.I.I. ,F.I.E.,F.I.V.,M.B.A
Qualified Auditor, b2 1st floor Dolphins Apt,Naoroji Road,Visakhapatnam-530002
Mobile: 9393101926 : Tel 08912564715
ISO 14000EARA Recognized -UK ;ISO -9000 IRCA-UK ; chartered Engineer & Registered Valuer
Competent Eng(Saftey) under CCE Nagpur;Loss Assessor; Associate (Insurance Institute of India)
PREAMBLE
SAFETY - is freedom from danger and Risk.
HAZARD - Asource of risk or danger.
Safety and Productivity.
Productivity can be described as an output from a given set of resources of facilities.Productivity becomes meaningful when the output is achieved by the maximum utilization of the resources available.
Industrial production depends on the following factors:
1. Men
2.Material
3.Machines
4.Environment
For efficient production,all the above factors should not have any interruption.Men should be skillful and in fit condion.There should be sufficient raw material available.The material should be of good quality.The machines or an equipment which serves to shape the material into a desired product,should be of good design and in good workin order.Bad environment such as improper lighting,bad ventilation ,vibration and noisy location etc, will,not only affect the men but alsoresult in damage of the material and machine.Hence it can be seen that for optimum or targeted productivity,all the four factors namely men,material,machine and environment are interlinked.
Now let us find out the effects which are felt due to the effects which are felt due to the interruption or stoppage of production.
· An accident injures the worker and the result is the stoppage of production.
· Again ,an accident results in the damage to the material or machine.For example,if the operator of a machine is careless and negligent,he can cause an accident and either the material or the machine or both can be damaged.Due to this ,the production suffers or stops.
· Due to interruption or stoppage of work,the morale or interest of the workers is reduced.The good relation-ship of the worker with other co-workers and the supervisor also suffers.
· Final target of out put of a product and its quality are affected in case work stops.
· Operational cost,material cost,machine cost.,and incidence of various other factors increase due to interruption of work.Man hours and machine hours are lost and this reduces the profit margin and affects the consumer or customer.
· Interruption of work due to an accident not only affects the person involved but also the supervisor as his attention is diverted towards the injured person by way of taking care of the injured and also investigating into the cause of the accident.
· The management suffers loss of prestige and good name if the trend of increase in injury- hours and also frequent stoppage of work,in the Industrial sector.
The basic reasons as mentioned above in interruption of production from accidents.
Hence if accidents are prevented or incidence reduced,the production is more continuous and less interruptions.
An accident can be prevented or controlled :-
An unsafe act or practice of workers is eliminated,
Unsafe working codition is prevented or corrected.
Accidents can be eliminated by both unsafe practices and unsafe conditions.They are as follows.
Placing of right man for the right job is to be kept in mind.Rhis can be achieved at the selection or recruitment stage of workers.
Job training and safety training should be well planned and all the workers are to be covered right from their induction into the factory .The traing should not be a one time affair,but should be a periodical or continuous one.
Enthusiasm of the workers should be kept up at all times by introducing incentive schemes,competitions,seminars suggestion schemes etc.
Periodical inspections of workin area will bring out the unsafe conditions and the same can be rectified before accident occur.
Optimum productivity cannot be achived without incorporating or practicing safety as safety and productivity are two sides of acoin.trobles of safety causes accidents also.
· Finally some of the basic wrong attitudes of a common man towards safety.Wrong immaginationor disbelief makes some persons to loose interest towards safety.
· Some workers and some supervisors think that accidents are the acts of god and a man cannot be prevent accidentsThey even think that praying god ,accidents can be prevented
· Some say that devoting time for safety is waste and they are busy and no time for safety.
· Though some supervisors accept the safety regulations theoretically,they think that same cannot be put in practice and by doing so the production will be affected.
· The attitude of some workers and supervisors think that the responsibility to ensure safety is not theirsbut the the responsibility of
· safety officials only. They do not belive it is the responsibility of every one.
· Some supervisors do not involve fully in the safety matters and think they have done their best and now it is for the workers to follow the safety rules.
Continuous education of safety matters can eliminate or reducethe drawbacks of the workers,supervisors ,managers etc..They can be educated by showing examples of other factory by adhering to safety rules at all times.
The government has enacted the safety laws in the Factories Act 1948.The enforcement of safety laws not only bring down the accidents but also increasing the the production and productivity of an industry.
PLANT LAYOUT REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY.
Safety and productivity are very much interliked.The productivity of an industry depends on material handling.A good and well planned plant layout helps in improving production as well as safety performance of an industry.
The most important single requirement in choosing the site is that it should be large enough to accommodate the proposed developments and to avoid congestion.In considering the possibility of FIRE spread on the site,allowances should be made for the velocity and direction of the prevailing wind.Afire may spread from the adjoining or nearby premises and this risk can be minimized by providing a clear space between the risk and the neibouring premises.
OBJECTIVES OF PLANT LAYOUT
A plant layout starts at the blue print stage.It takes care of the present activities and future expansion of an industry.Its main objectives are :
· Efficient and uninterrupted flow of material.
· To reduce the repetition of the same material without any useful purpose.
· To define the path way ,road way ,railway,machinery and other plant requirements of the factory.
· To avoid over crowding machines and men on a shop floor,thus avoiding conjetion and improving house keeping.
· Easy accessibility of both material and machines is also kept in mind while carrying out a plant layout.
· Efficient lighting,ventilation,means of of escape during emergencies like fire explosion,etc,are also the objectives of plant layou
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A FACTORY LAYOUT.
· The Factory Act of 1948 lay down certain requirements for the plant layout.They are as follows :
· Access for fire fighting.
Buildings and plants shall be so laid out and roads,passage ways,etc, so maintained as to permit unobstructed access for fire fighting.
· Doors and windows shall be located in suitable position on all external walls of the buildings to provide easy access to the enyire area within the building for fire fighting
2. F IRE EXITS.
· In every room of a factory.exits,sufficient to permit safe escape of the occupants in case of fire or other emergency,shall be provided ,which shall be free of any obstruction.
3. LIGHTING.
· The layout of the plant shall be made in such a way that in every work room,sufficient and suitable lighting (natural and artificial) should be provided.
4. SPACE REQUIREMENT FOR EACH WORKER.
· A minimum space of 14.2 c.mtrs. for every worker employed must be planned in the factory layout.
5. VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE.
· Every work room should be constructed in such a way so as to permit adequate ventilation,either natural or artificial or with both to maintain reasonable conditions of comfort and prevent injury to health of the workers ie.,to say proper infrastructural working conditions suitable for efficiency of the workers.
6. ISOLATION OF HAZARDOUS PROCESS.
· In case of the process producing dust,gas,fumes,vapour which can produce explosion on excessive parameters,shall be isolated from the main working area to the extent possible.
Safety measures for material handling areas have to be properly provided in
The plan layout.consideration must be given to the type of Trucks,Intensity of
Traffic of workmen,material,specific ways for entry of Industrial
Trucks,cranes and other heavy mobile transport.,by way of sufficient
Entry openings both in height and width for the likes of forklifts, & roads laid
To withstand maximum loads to be transported.Similarly for overhead
Cranes,conveyors etc.Storage areas of fuel gases should be according to
Petroleum Rules & act,also under SMPV (U) Rules.General storage should
Have easy accessibility.Most importantly enough area must be provide for
Fire Fighting Operations.
Periodic maintenance of Plant & Machinery according to the Instructions
on the equipment by the Manufacturer is a must for any Industry or Factory.
All Statutory requirements as laid down for an Industry or Factory must be
Strictly followed and all Legal considerations must be taken into account.
Records of maintenance and Manuals of Instructions must be made available
For maximum safety.
The Factory Act requires certain periods within which all lifting equipment
Should be cleanly painted with details of capacity,load etc.,including all kinds
Of cranes,& air receivers.
HOUSE KEEPING.
Oil spills must be cleaned,as the possibility of slipping of staff is possible,
Causing accidents to staff.Poor lighting should be avoided to avoid accidents
By maintaining the lux as per regulations.Scrap & effluents must be sent to
Their specific areas.Fire accidents are possible due to oily waste material.
Good house keeping needs to remove such rags and other fire causing
Materials.
Safety in the use of Tools must be strictly observed,through non-sparking
Equipment.Regular classes in the correct use of tools must be entertained
To educate workmen in such practices.
WORKING AT HEIGHTS.
According to the Factories Act,if a workman is required to work at a height
Above 3 mtrs,he should be provided with safety Belt & must be compelled
To wear it.
LADDERS
· For stability,ladders should be placed with aslope of 4 vertical to one horizontalor about 75 degrees to the horizontal.
· Ladders should rest firmly on the base and the top portion should alsobe placed against firm supports.
· The base of the ladder should be without any obstruction.
· A person while climbing up or down,should always face the ladder.
· Wokmen should not carry tools in hand,while climbing the ladder.
· Leaning sideways on the ladder is to be avided.
· Ladders should be maintained properly and they should not be stored in open areas when they are not inuse.
· Ladders should be made of sound material with good design and construction.
WORKING IN ROOFS
Major and serious accidents take place when workmen fall from roof due to fragile sheeting ,loss of balance due to the slope of roof and due to careless working near the edges of the roof.
Factory Act states no person shall be allowed on,or pass over ,or walk on ,or near roof or ceiling covered with fragile material through which he is liable to fall,in case it breaks unless :
· Suitable and sufficient ladders,duck ladders,crawling boards which should be securely supported,are provided and used ,and
· A permit to work on fragile roof is issued to him each time he is required to work there on ,by a responsible person of the factory concerned,such as supervicsor,foreman,engineer or manager.
SAFETY BELTS
As per Factory Act,where any person is required or allowed to work at place from which he may be liable to fall through a distance of more than two metres,he shall be provided with safety belt with leather shoulder straps of not less than five centimeters in width a “D” ring at the back of the fastening rope,the other end of which shall be securely tied or hooked to some rigid fixture.The safety belt so provided,shall be tested and examined thoroughly by a competent person,at least once in six month and a certificate with regard to its suitability obtained from the said competent person.
SCAFFOLDS
Scaffold sevices as a platform at a height and also serves as a means of access from place to place at different heights.

The Research Forum Meeting of 5th October 2008

The research Forum meeting of 5th October 2008
trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com

The research Forum meeting of 5th October 2008 was held at Dr.D.V.N.Sarma’s residence and he has outlined a New theory of Oceans and their constitution with an object of explaining certain important physical and chemical features. He has outlined how a Quantum Theoretical Approach would give an insight into the Ocean characteristics and the most common and persistent features of the salty waters. He would write a big article elaborating on this Discovery by him worth a Nobel Prize.
But he doesn’t want publicity since he is preoccupied with studies on Vedas and Vedic Knowledge of India. He has outlined with reference to Birth Day of Gandhi, how Mahatma Gandhi was an avatar of Vishnu and his Spinning chakra was in fact a Sudharsan chakra. He supports by certain Vedic Numerology. October 2nd is the Non-Violence Day of The Globe.
Prof.E V Gangadharam spoke about the Mind and matter book by Shri V P.Pandit and published in 1976 from Pandit brothers’ in Chandhigar, Punjab, India. And also he stated about vizag.name website and its object of collecting all the Information about Vizag. He is also particularly interested in a Museum to preserve the antique articles of daily use and bronze etc materials and items and as well rare old text books. He regretted the Indians themselves don’t make any effort in this respect of collecting and preserving the antique articles of India of its culture and heritage. He appreciated the several International Museums and especially the American and Western world Museums who have painfully collected and preserved the ancient articles of India. Such an effort unfortunately is not taken as Indian citizen responsibility and duty to his ancestors of their painstaking efforts of art and culture.
Prof Dr.K.Lakshmi Narayana outlined the project by two high school girls(TWINS) and their younger brother on Electrolysis. The girls used throw away battery and other waste materials to explain the 8-10th standard electrolysis process. The details on this subject with photos and results would be posted at this Blogspot in due course of time.

TRUWIZ -109

TRUWIZ109

Dated:9th September 2008

Designed

by

Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana

In Memory of

109th

Birth Day of

late

Professor K.Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London)

(9/9/1899-20/6/1972)

Q1).Both optically active and circular dichomic colliodalmicellesproduced under solar radiation are stimulated by

a) proteins b).aminoacids c).fatts d.) pigments

Q2). CuO loaded SnO2 senses H2S by the formation of an intermediatemolecule thatdestroys p-n junction which is

a). SnS b). H20 c).Cu2S d). CuS

Q3). The ancient pigment that cause survival of micro-organisms inhostile (including Chernbylexplosion) is

a).Melanin b).Turmeric c).Nicotine c). Myline

Q4). Diamonds found in the oldest crystals insiderocks on Earth'scrust date back to billion years not that much convincing

a).4.3 b).0.275 c).2.5 d).2.0

Q5). 15% of kupier belt objects are
a).binaries b). triplets c).quadruples d).Non-pairs

Q6)Clouds of French Nuclear tests were observed by the present authorat Kolhapur(SU) reaching the sky in abouta).2hrs b).3hrs c).4hrs d).5hrs.

Q7).In the human evolution new genes were discovered inBrain numbering about

a).4 b).2 c).5 d).6

Q8.) Development of tearless onion should not have volatile compounds of

a). Ammonia b). Benzene c). Sulfur d). Acetone

Q9. The highest dose of radon at a home found in Cornwall is about

a). 23.7Sv/yr b).55.8Sv/yr c).320Sv/yr d). 100 Sv/yr

Q10.). Seeds stored that could last through thousands of years needto be stored at

a). -2degC b). -4degC c).-18degC d).-15degC

Q11). The article entitled Riemann Curvature Vein etc dated 23/7/2008at a blogger used the word vein to imply

a). string b).membrane c).wave d)None of these

Q12). Fractal Aurora/Airglow observed at Visakhapatnam on 1/8/08partial solar eclipse may not be due to

a).AGNrays b).Protons c).Gamma Rays d),a,b,c all

Q13).Silver nanoparticles kills microbes by preventing cellreplication and transport of

a). Protons b). Water c). Pottasium d).Electrons

Q14). New datingtechniques used to find secret of 55yrs old GrandCanyon examined rock samples for the levels of elements

a).Plutonium & Uranium b).Helium & Plutonium c).Americium & Uraniumd).Uranium & Helium

Q15). Liquid crystals grow with a structural compromise with

a). micelle b).liquids c).molecular rearrangement d). Bubbles & voids

Q16).Carbon Nanotubes conducting rubbers can stretch to

a).500 b).550 c).570 d).600 (times)

Q17).Alucubierre drive depends on shrinking space-time in front of aship and exrand a fabric behind the ship i.e
a).Space b).Time c)string d)brane

Q18) Invisible cloak uses materials termed as

a)Nano b). Femto c) ceramic d).meta

Q19). Hubble space –telescope on ending 1,00,000th orbit around earthfound a firestorm of stellar raw material pearsing into a Nebula nearstar cluster

a). NGC2074 b)RD456 c)IJK789 d)ogt342

Q20). Prince Charless warns on crops

a). Organic b).Tropic c)GMO d)Desert

Q21). Functional red blood cells in labs are developed by using

a).ESC b). white cells c).Red cells d) None.

Q22).The new catalyst of extracting hydrogen from ethanol at 350degCby Dr U.Ozkan involves

a).Ce-C0-Ca b).Fe-Ce-C0 c). Fe-Al-S d)Mone

Q23). Catch & tell molecules which emit light signals on reaction withspecific chemicals use materials which are

a).Luminescent b)Flourescent c).Phosporescent d)Color Dyes

Q24).The number of flips required to solve the burnt pancake problem should be a

a)Maximum b).Minimum c). 100 d)One Mega

Q25).96 characters of keyboard included in a digitalsign language is called

a)cybercode b)smartcode c).thumbcode d).netcode

Q26). In winter particles of small diameters penetrate deep into lungsand cause a health hazard of size

a).50mu b).2.5mu c.) 0.5mu d).0.5mu

Q27). Cleveland clinic color sensor for lung cancer detection usescolors that change hue when exposed to breath numbering about

a).100 b)50 c)36 d).256

Q28). Bee venom Melittin and Delta Toxin from bacterium both have 26amino acids, same shape,with amphiphathic helical aggregate form andchannel notiff in membranes but doffer in

a).Negative charge b)positive charge c)lengths d)diameters

Q29). Frog sweats out peptide magainin made up of 23 aminoacids in ascrew-like helical chain can by self-assembling kill a
a).bacteria b).insects c).animals d).humans

Q30). Plant material vellozia cardida acquires the metal

a).zinc b)silver c)diamond d).copper

Q31). The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (400MW) utilizes Helium coolantat 500degC & 377psi while flows out at 1323psi in a PBMR system withtemperature

a)600degC b). 1700degC c).3500dergC d)900degC

Q32)AntiRao particle and quasiparticles of honeycomb lattice grapheme doffer in

a).mass b).charge c).magnetism d).character

Q33 ).NASA's recent Phoneix discovered that mars soil sample particles are

a).viscous b).entangled c).fuzzy d)sticking

Q34). Vindhyan Basin seismograms indicated that multilayered crust isabout 46km thick but crust at Allahabad is thicker by about

a). 5km b). 10km c).20km d).40km

Q35). Recent attempt in India is to run trains by using

a).ethanol b).Petrol c). Biofuel d). CNG

Q36).Aquilion ONE (CT) uses ultra high resolution

a) X-rays b). Gamma rays c). Co rays d). Proton beams

Q37).Japan sends by 2030 an array of satellites whose transmittersconvert solar energy to beam to earth using

a).gamma rays b).IR-raysc). Microwaves d).x-rays

Q38).Google Earth would detect every 6hrs a dozen potential volcanoesin north pacific that puff

a). Sulphur b) rocks & glass c).aero gelsd). Gases

Q39). USA peanut empty shells total to about million tons

a).0.375 b).0.275 c).0.175 d) 0.075

Q40). The loss of a limb a scar on tissue etc that create a stub canbe healed by regrowth using dust from

a).ducks b).elephants c). Lionsd).pigs

Q41).HAARP's 18072-foot high tower with LF and HF dipoles or rods with180 Al towers at 80 feet apart in a 12x15 grid was recently zapped onto

a).mars b).galaxy c).Jupiter d).moon
Q42). E8 map table of integers with 450000 rows and columns required77hrs of SC time to occupy a disk space of

a). 3GB b). 10GB c). 60 GB d). 120GB

Q43 "Rods from God" of 20 feet length and 30 cm thick are basically

a).space weapons b).missiles c).shooting stars d). Bombs

Q44).Learning a complex skill leads to a noticeable change in brainwhite matter which occurs constituted bya).axons & glia b (neuron cells c) asymmetric water diffusiond).symmetric water diffusion

Q45).1859 solar event of Aug 24-Sept 4th, produced protons of BeV thatshattered oxygen and nitrogen in air to create " a ground level event"of shower of

a). electrons b).mesons c). Hyperons d) neutrons

Q46) When gravity is significant matter clumps reaches an equilibrium state forming

a).black hole b) neutron star c).white dwarf d).nouvae

Q47). There are more ways to arrange a given number of atoms thatreflect the "arrow of time" in a configuration of

a).high entropy b).high entanglement c).low entropy d).low entanglement

Q48). The water embedded in a produce of food or another product isknown as water

a).anomalous b).liquid c).virtual d). Capillary

Q49).Crater field Tycho with depth 4850m and its first central massif1600m high has the most striking

a). X-rays b).Gamma rays c).Neutrinosd).bright rays

Q50). At 65-76km UV radiation clouds on Venus appear brighter than thedense clouds layer beneath and rotation of clouds is only

a). 243 days b).4 days c).10 days d).20 days

Q51) The meteoric body in space entering above 100km becomes molten at2000degC to 300degCand disperses on vaporization over a range of

a).300km b)2km c).40km d).0 km

Q52). A bolide remnant of meteoric body called also meteorite consists of
a).stone & iron b). Gas c) minerals d) ice.

Q53). The brightest parts of Milky Way are in region of constellationScorpius and center is located at

a). Sagittarius b) Cygnus c) Aquillad) Cassiopeia

Q54). The pressure of dark matter in the form of filaments sheets andclusters (like bullet) is confined by pull due to

a).red shift b).blue shift c) magnetism d).gravitation

Q55). Every person has disintegrating radioactive atoms that number to

a).4E+05 b). 4000 c). 40000 d). 40

Q56) Gestation is about lunar monthsa). 266 dasa b) eight c) forty d) 100

Q57).Nerve signals travel at speed as high as

a).300miles/hr b).100miles/hr c) 200miles/hr d). 1000miles/hr

Q58). Part of body that takes Oxygen directly

a).Cornea b).Eye c) Nose d). Skin

Q59). Sometime Earth's magnetic field flips to create

a). volcanoes b). Earthquake c) storm d).cyclone

Q60) E=m*c^2 equation was given first by

a).Fraud b). Bohr c). Einstein d). Hastener

Q61). Einstein brain was weighing only

a).3.1 pounds b).2.7 pounds c).10 pounds d).4 pounds

Q62). Japan's science park to open in December to study and unzip themechanism of any living organism uses accelerated

a). electrons b).neutrinos c).protons d). Photons

Q63). GLAST expected to reveal secret of

a). Black hole b).invisible matter c). Dark energy d) glowing dust

Q64). Cows and cattle that graze or resting tend to align their bodies

a).westward b).eastward c) NS d).EW

Q65).The chemical BDNF of brain is responsible for appetite and

a).tall-ness b) dwarf-ness c) deafness d) obesity

Q66). Steam hybrids from car exhausts would make engine

a) Long life b).power increase b).efficient d). light weight
Q67). Junk raft traveled at 0.8km/hr between Long Beach, California toHawaii a distance of

a). 4200km b).5000km c)6000km d).4300km

Q68). The symmetry pattern of E(8)xE(8) of ordinary and shadow matter is

a).symmetrical b).chaotic c).unsymmetrical 4) unknown

Q69).Grossmann relation axb=-bxa leads to

a).unphysics b).complex numbers c).super numbers d) hyper numbers

Q70). The Principle relating basic world features to our own existenceas observers may be termed as the principle

a) anthropic b)polytropic c)metaphysics d)Advaita

Q71). Asymptotic degree of freedom of quarks means that farther apart they

a). repel b). Attract c). Interfere d). Superimpose

Q72.). The Lotus leaf's effect has ability to stay

a).clean b)cool c).fresh d)shinning

Q73). Biokleen is a sensitizer which isa).volatile b). inorganic c). polymeric d). herbel

Q74 ).Rapidcom an inoculum of bactetia breaks down

a). Polymer b). dust c). cellulose d).flies

Q75) to live longer and think better one should eat

a). cereals b)eggs c). potatoes d)onions

Q76.) Avoid plastic surgery for skin time by eating

a) pumpkin b). eggs c). meat d)chicken

Q77). For absorption of old bone tissue through kidneys consume

a). Vitamine A b). Citric acid c). Vitamin D d). Vitamin E

Q78).Tapioca provides 5241calories as against wheat (2983 and rice2163 as per 1983 cost of

a.).Rs.10 b).Rs.1 c).Rs.2 d).Rs 5

Q79). Plume rise can be calculated as a function of sourcecharacteristics such as exit velocity, meteorological parameters and

a).Buoyancy b).Pressure c).Temperature d). Eddies.

Q80). Turbidity is a measure of total vertically integrated particulate load in
a). ionosphere b). Stratosphere c). Thermosphere d). Atmosphere.

Q81). Angstrom gave an empirical formula between extinctioncoefficient and wavelength Lambda as a=β*λ^ (-α) with α=1.3 but α forIndia is

a).not a constant b). constant c). Varies with β d). Zero

Q82). On August 27th, 2008 Nocturnal clouds were observed by thisauthor at Visakhapatnam at around 6.P.M., which are due to

a). earthquake in NZ b). Cyclone c). Low depression d). A storm

Q83). Calorie required per kg of body weight of an adult male withmoderate physical activity is

a).50 b). 40 c). 100 d.)20

Q84).Net protein utilization ratio from protein derived from an animalsource is 0.8 while for vegetable source it is

a).0.3 b). 0.4 c). 0.5d).0.6

Q85). Virtual or magic mirror of Fraunhofer Tele Comm Ltd H-H Ltdallow you to view image in different dresses/colors within

a).Microsecs b).millisecs c) one second d). One minute

Q86) 6 hrs charging of Lithium ion battery allows the Indica car to run about

a). 8 hrs b).12hrs c). 24hrs d). 2 hrs

Q87). LHC to initiate operation tomorrow, would test how particleacquires mass by being dragged in with a mediator Higgs Boson througha

a).Forward quark field b).Backward space-time c).Tachyon field d).Background field

Q88).VMADS machine provides a gun to emit 95GHz μW i.e. of 3mmwavelength and penetrate at 50 0 C into skin to a depth of

a). 03mmb). 0.5mm c). 0.6 mm d). 1mm

Q89). Thunderbird provided support to RS, Newsgroup and IMAP as a

a). client b). Customer c) transporter d) phishing

Q90). In which Omega-3 fatty acids are available in vegetarian diet

a). ground nuts b). Brazil nuts c). Sunflower seeds d). Flax seeds

Q91). Which Vitamin is not harmful even though its in take is excess
a). Vitamin A b). Vitamin B c). Vitamin C d). Vitamin D

Q92). Efficient exercise to burn fats is

a). anaerobic b).aerobic c).Yoga d). Games

Q93).E Leopold an amateur astronomer used a technique to print hisdrawings known as lithography

a). Photo b). Chemical c) Physical d).Chromo

Q94). String effects on Fermi-Dirac correlation measurements have put asmall source radiifor production of

a). Mesons b). Nucleii c) Baryons d).Hadrons.

Q95).Liquid Helium cooling is required to observe ESR using Co ICerium magnesium nitrate due to rapid relaxation rate of

a).spin-spin interaction b) spin-lattice interaction c).Lattice-orbit interaction d) spin-orbit interaction

Q96.) Stellators are studied because they offer certain prospect of operation by

a).Synchrotron b)AC c)DC d). Cyclotron

Q97).Confined sample of radioactive atoms provides fertile ground for studying

a). Quark Model b) Standard Model c) Atomic Models d). Nuclear Models

Q98). MRFM technique uses RF to irradiate sample and by change of frequency proton polarization can be made to

a).Oscillate b) fluctuate c).vibrate d) rotate.

Q99). MRFM uses to generate 2 or 3D images by moving particles acrosssample so that cantilever vibration can be measured. These particles are

a) Magnetic b). Ferro-magnetic c) Ferroelectric d). Super-conductors. Q100.) Chernobyl No.4 reactor exploded releasing million curies ofradioactivity into atmosphere numbering

a) 200b)300 c)100 d) 400

Q101).Plasticity of nervous system and the extent of its adaptabilityto a different sensory mode which is known as

a) Rearrangement b) redistribution c) reallocation d) redundancy.

Q102 .) Each axon can be as short as a millimeter or as long asa) one foot b) 2m c) One meter d) 5m

Q103.) Action potential is a membrane depolarization that propagates along the axonas a wave

a). Longitudinal b). Transverse c). Stationary d). Travelling

Q104.) Nuclear Astrophysics remains puzzled which nuclei undergo rapidcapture(r-process) of particles

a). Protons b). Neutrons c).Electrons d) mesons

Q105.) CNO process time scale in stellar plasma depends on rate ofreaction N+P--> O+gamma ray, this is limited by Coulomb repulsion between

a) Electrons b) Mesons c). Positive particles d). Neutrons

Q106). Some 75%-95% of a typical engine lubricant is made up of

a). Fatty acid b) Mineral oil c). Palm oil d). Sunflower oil

Q107). Peramma action constant relates to (see the present Blogger posts)

a).Nutrition b).Radio-activity c) Emissions d) Absorption

Q108). Finger print sensor devices has novel cavity structure thatallows detecting mechanicalDeformations related to topography of finger using pixels numbering

a) Mega b) Kilo c) 60000 d) 20000

Q109). Flowing of a Bose-Einstein condensate makes speed of light to change to

a) Greater values b) low velocities c) Tachyon velocity d) zero velocity.

===========================================

Answers Some:

1d 2d 3a 4a 5a 6d 7b 8c 9 c 10c 11d 12d 13d 15c 21a 22a23b 24 b 25c 26b 27c28 b 29 a 30c 31d 32a 33d 34b 35c 36a 38b 39a 40d 41d 42 c 43a 44a 45d46a 47c 48c 49d 50b 51c 52a 53a 54d 55c 56a 57a 58a 59c 60d 61b 62c63c 64c 65d 66c 67a 68d 69c 70a 71b 72 a 73d 76 a 77c 78b 80a 81c82a 83d 84c 85c 86a 88a 90a 91c 92a 93c 94d 95b 96c 97b 98b 99b 100c 101c 102 c 103d 104b 105 c 106b 107 a 108 c 109c

---------------------*****---------------------------------

Some six Questions on Health have been contributed by

shri Gollapudi Ramakrishna ,48-10-34,Srinagar(RTC),

Gollapudi House ,Visakhapatnam.He is a self-centered

person a loner leading a very simple life in a flat with no furniture.

==============================

Does this Demon Take Over Divine

VESRSE LEBRE

I

========================================

Does this Demon

Take over Divine

by

Mrs. A. Savitri M.Phil,

(SG) Lecturerin Physics

Mrs A.V.N. College

Visakhapatnam-530002

sav1955@yahoo.co.in

Tel No.0891-2534954

=========================

I. Oft clumsy, faultering Pauli affirmed: suddenly stubbornly
“Some unknown entities appear
in all Beta Decays, one mustn’t ignore
these Chargeless Massless particles
for so consistent, are these thus needed in all Fissions
as energy balancing requirements
all speeding electrons out of Nucleus
with speeds falling in relativistic realms
are sure to be accompanied by these Ghosts:
ever evading, escaping all detective means.

II. Poor Pauli; a target for fellow Physicists fun
As usual was mocked at and treated like a buffoon
They all said “another book-keeping trick is on”
The father of The Principle of Exclusion
Never minded his friends; bullying
He made his mind, to go on
Come what may: he is not one to give in

III So Fermi came to his rescue on to the scene
With Nuclear Power house; his finest design
To catch this elusive rat, he drew the curtain
“The Neutrino”; fondly called it, its huntman
The word for the little neutral one- in Italian

IV The determined Pauli boldly went on
With a much more stronger assertion
“Nature loves symmetry”: he added
“thus this has its antibody”
when Neutron shoots out of Nucleus
in some cases antineutrinos appear
the spectrum of these minute things
with their presence in all Beta Decays
reveals their unique traits
due to their relativistic speeds

V Classical tools failed to know their ways
our future studies
on these elusory spooks
may pave smoother tracks
who knows whats’ in store in future for us-
the devious routes of these tricky devils
may unravel the secrets of the Universe
might even pull the “Great Creator”
into our physical frames.

==========================================

Mrs Savitri has contributed a lot for the development of Mrs AVNCollege,

guided several student projects, exhibited a FUN CARRIDOR on Physics at

the 150th Year of the College. A firm believer and supporter of

WOMEN in PHYSICS.

=============================================


An exhibit of the FUN CORRIDOR

========================================
your contributions are invited kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com

The Fractal Aurora/Airglow Dance Observation during the Partial Solar Eclipse of 1st Aug 2008 at Visakhapatnam(India)

by Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana
Dated: 1st August 2008
ABSTRACT
The concept and observation by me of Fractal Aurora/Airglow has been presented giving details of the occurrence of partial Solar Eclipse of 1st August 2008 at Visakhaptanm. Schematic diagrams, pictures are given to depict the model and observations made during the period of eclipse from Noon to the Sun set. Categorizations of Airglow/Aurora Borealis and spectral features specific to the 1st August 2008 Solar Eclipse have been explained. Significant findings and conclusions drawn are enumerated. The Heat Islands of Visakhapatnam are very significant for Airglow studies.
Interpretation of Fractal Aurora/Airglow of 1st August 2008 in terms of Julia Set, like that of a necklace, would a simple and easy way to describe the occurrence of the day glow at Visakhapatnam. But the deeper look into at the event would reveal the need of a sophisticated theoretical model to explain the mechanism. The author’s model and views giving these details would be given in a later blogspot post at this site.
Key Words:
Aurora Borealis, Fractal Aurora/Airglow, spectral features, Visakhapatnam pollution, Volcanoes ash, Golden-Yellow Aurora, Suvarna, EUV, X-Ray, UV, Total Solar Eclipse, 1st August 2008
I. Introduction:
In 1937 Stomer [1] gave a theory of aurora borealis. Sun-lit aurora was observed in Norway in the night of March 22-23, 1920. After sunset and before sunrise the aurora rays, have a considerable higher position than in the middle of night. Violet-grey aurora appeared in September 8, 1926. The aurora extended from West horizon to the central North sky and disappeared at around 300-500Kms height. The ionized gas in aurora discharge of the ionosphere is in fact plasma. Plasma spectacular aurora borealis occurs due to energetic electrons etc precipitation to lower ad more dense layers of atmosphere that produce electrical discharges and light.
Sunlit aurora * with unusual color and scintillation occur near the regions where the sun had set suggesting that its positioned in upper atmosphere in full sun shine. Usually red aurora occurs at a height of 100Kms to 500 Kms. Absorption of UV light by ions around 100 to 300Kms makes the atmosphere electrically conducting. Excited molecules emit visible light aurora borealis. The solar-wind stream of photons and electrons compresses geomagnetic field causing fluctuations of strength of geomagnetic field and its configuration. [2].They are operative around 100 to 1000 Kms region very efficiently.
Instabilities of Van Allen radiation belt cause particle drifts and suppression to the lower dense atmosphere. Usually aurora is yellow- green and at considerable heights it is red in color. But at lower heights Orange color predominates. Oxygen red occurs at low pressures while Green atomic Oxygen at lower levels. Molecular Nitrogen produces red shade that extends over lower layers. Aurora spectra colors are a thumbprint of Atom and Molecules responsible for its origin.

Photochemical reactions involving Oxygen and Nitrogen occur at 80 to 110 Kms.The object of the present article is high light the studies made by the author on the aurora spectral display observed on the 1st August 2008 evening between 1.30PM to 7.00PM and especially during the total solar eclipse time of 4.03PM to 6.05PM. The solar eclipse was only partial at Visakhapatnam covering about 20% of the solar disk. An account of the energy transfer and an analysis of the possible flux of transfer events, pressure pulses and the instability features, due to interaction of ionosphere and thermosphere, that have occurred at the time of Total Solar Eclipse have been assessed to gain knowledge on the event of the partial solar eclipse at the coastal city of Andhra Pradesh. At 90km photochemistry is complex due to high pressure that prevails at these heights .Lyman-Alpha ionizes NO concentration of the ions being 1E+08 per cc or less at 70Kms.The EUV ionizes O molecules in the state O₂(¹Delta _g). Hard X-rays 0f 2-8 Angstroms ionize all constituents acting mainly on O₂ and N₂ Alkali metals provide emission by resonance scattering. Visible at twilight are several atoms and ions of Ca, Li, K, and Na. The gyro-frequencies for electrons and ions W _e and W _i are respectively 8.5E+06 and 250 rads/sec.

The vertical threshold of magnetic rigidity at latitude around 17 ⁰ sets the energy of probable impinging particles, from the sky is about 12.46 Giga Volts. Solar UV radiation heats up the atmosphere in 15 to 80Kms height. Upwelling motion (Hardley Circulation) and coldest tropopause temperature are very significant. NO ₂ content is 125% more in the evening times than in the morning (5E+14 cm^-3). Land surface processes influence tropical aerosols up to 13Kms. At stratospheric altitudes >17Km, volcanoes eruptions are important.

The Visakhapatnam sky is fully loaded with Volcanoes gases and submicroscopic particles of Volcanoes ash, which would perhaps reside in the atmosphere over years of time. They concentrate over 17Kms to 30Kms at a peak of 23-25Kms for months. Multiple scattering events do take place due to sunlit radiations.
II. Aerosols:
Pollution due to aerosols and role of particulate matter in atmosphere has been studied by Noble and Prather [3] in 1998. I state that during the time of Total Solar Eclipse aerosols and particulate matter of the terrestrial atmosphere near the coastal region of Visakhaptnam has considerably modified. Solar Cosmic Rays [3] on neutral atmosphere produce N⁺₂, O⁺₂, and electrons also protons (10 to 100MeV) and Alpha particles. Positive ions are abundant near the equator. The acidic molecules play a role in the heights between 32 and 43 Kms. [4]

The environment pollution of terrestrial atmosphere is by metallic objects and burnt ashes of space vehicles, debris of these vehicles and their exhaust gases, Nuclear Powered planetary flights residuals, gas emissions from global mega industries, human population waste material vapors and thrown away chemicals, mega transport and oil tanker movements and other Nuclear & warfare fire powder emissions. Plasma Space ionosphere conditions have totally changed due to recent earthquakes and volcanic events.
III.Airglow:**
K.V.Narasinga Rao et al [5] studied airglow interactions with microwave radiation [see at this blogspot article posted dated: 23rd July 2008 by the present author]. Airglow is by emission of photons produced in recombination of ionized and dissociated atmospheric particles by UV light absorption[6].Yellow light is due to Sodium Doublet 5890/96 Angstroms and Red doublet 6300/6364 Angstroms at 200-300Kms height and the Green line 5577 Angstroms airglow is by excited Oxygen atoms. These occur at middle latitudes and Upper atmosphere. Emission processes are resonance scattering, fluorescence, chemical association ionic reactions, photo-electron transfer and excitation species transfer. Transfer from vibrationally excited N₂, O₂, and OH is possible.
IV. Observations made by the author on 1st August 2008:
The partial eclipse started at 4.03PM and reached its peak around 5.10PM.

Fig.1a) gives the vintage point chosen, on the top of a hillock, to view the partial Solar Eclipse. The sun set path indicated by a dashed line connecting the centers of the shifting disk of Sun, from 4:40PM to 6.30PM.
Fig.1b) This diagram gives view of the Fractal Aurora/Airglow of Golden-Yellow color, as observed by the present author between 5.10PM to almost 5.25PM. Dancing Fractal Aurora/Airglow was an unforgettable & an enchanting experience.
Fig.2 presents a schematic Diagram of the observed partial Eclipse depicting the way in which Moon was obstructing the line sight of the sun. The Fractal Aurora/Airglow is definitely due to a transient effect from the sun on the Lunar edge. Of course, when the scale diagram, is drawn one would note, the sun affecting the entire far side of the Moon surface. The cones of transients, which affect the terrestrial atmosphere and the Lunar surface edge, by the solar eclipse, are shown.

See Fig 1(a) & Fig 1. (b) For the observed Golden Yellow Aurora display ***, that occurred for about 15 minutes. The onset of eclipse effect was actually felt around 1.30PM ,since the sun-light was suddenly bright and temperature were a bit high by about 3 to 4 ⁰ C. The brightness and warm weather [7] lasted up to 5.30PM and around 3.30PM to 4.30PM, the warm breeze was gently blowing across from West to East. The Golden –Yellow reflection from leaves of the big trees could be easily spotted by 2.30PM.At 5.30PM the Blue and Red scattering of clouds increased and again around 5.40PM the bright whitish-golden glow combined with at lower levels an Orange color, was observed over the clouds.

The distant clouds offered spectacular observation of golden lit and grayish-blue flows, similar to that of volcanoes lava flows. The scenario of these river flows of magnificent colors over the clouds gave a panoramic view that lasted till the sunset around 7.00PM. The sun was very intense around 6.05PM and at 6.30PM sunset was unusually dark red in color. At 6.00PM in Vizag the Sun had a reddish glow ring around it with a bright white front view. The Hyderabad atmosphere was slightly different and hence at 6.00PM sun showed Orange, Red, Yellow and front Green colors.



V. Findings and Conclusions:

1). The observation revealed the amazing fractal aurora appearance of Golden-yellow color at the time of peak solar eclipse time. Interpretation of Fractal Aurora/Airglow of 1st August 2008 in terms of Julia Set, like that of a necklace, would a simple and easy way to describe the occurrence of the day glow at Visakhapatnam. But the deeper look into at the event would reveal the need of a sophisticated theoretical model to explain the mechanism. The author’s model and views giving these details would be given in a later blogspot post at this site. This aurora existed for about 15 minutes; its estimated extent was about 300Kms at a height of 110Kms. sporadic enhancement of the Lithium lines are known in the day glow, though the mechanism is unknown. The Na day glow shows a peak around noon time.
2). the resonance absorption enhancement may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the aurora spectra of the Golden-Yellow color. Details of this would be published later.
3).Lunar dust See Fig.2 has definitely been carried by the radiation and deflected by the solar wind streams to the terrestrial magnetosphere regions.
4). The effect of lunar dust fine particulate matter persisted on the terrestrial atmosphere until Sunday evening up to 7.30PM
5). The Volcanoes eruptions that occurred in Indonesia, Andaman & Nicobar Islands have polluted the terrestrial atmosphere at the altitude of 17 to 30Kms.
6). The thermal changes observed are due to the channeled flow of EUV, UV and X-radiations from the sun during the Total Solar Eclipse hours. The eclipse passed over Arctic Canada, Greenland, Western Siberia, Mongolia and China.
The Fig.1 (a) and (b) indicate the simple geometrical orientations of the Sun-Moon at the time of eclipse. The orientation was found to be surprisingly poignant for the observation of the Aurora/Airglow effects.
7). Monday 4th August 2008 night sky was remarkably clear with a faint translucent layer that made almost innumerable stars visible at Visakhapatnam around 9.00PM.
8).On 5th August 2008 Jupiter (in Sagittarius), Deneb, Altair and Vega stars formed a nice parallelogram. The day was very sunny and the night sky was quite clear to view the stars.
9). The Heat Islands [7] of Visakhapatnam identified by Dr. Suhasini Kotcherlakota are very significant for Airglow studies.
10).The Lunar far side and its rim have provided, a dark purple colored metallic rock targets, for transients and solar fast electrons bombardment to produce Lyman-a ,UV and bremmstrahlung X–rays (<10>

VI.ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
The author wishes to express his gratitude to Late Professor K.Rangdhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc. (London), who has inspired and gave constant encouragement. He is also indebted to late Professor Kai Siegbhan, FYSIKUM, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, for the grant of Academic stay in Sweden, under SAEA, UNESCO and IAEA fellowship during the years 1964-1965. He is also grateful to many a Swedish people and staff for their help. Author’s special thanks are to Professor. B.Edlen at University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
VII. REFERENCES:
1. Carl Stomer, Nature, Dt.3rd April 1937, p.5842.
2. a).A.S.Roger ,British Antarctic Survey,UK “Solar wind data shows very significant variations in velocity, density and magnetic field orientation on a time-scale of a minute or less” NOAA Solar Terrestrial Prediction Vol.1,Oct 16-20,p.183 (1990)
b). A Hedberg and H.Derblom, Uppsala Div.of SISP, S-75591, Uppsala, Sweden (NOAA),
Solar Terrestrial Prediction Vol.1, Oct 16-20, p.313 (1990) “Regarding E-propagation on the path Kiruna-Stockholm (1000Kms)”
3 a).Baker D.N et al NASA Pub.1120, Washington D.C (1984)
Solar Terrestrial Prediction Vol.1, Oct 16-20, p.26 (1990)
b). C.Noble and K.Prather, Physics World. Vol.11, No.1, Jan p.39-43 (1998)
4. Science Focus, PRL, Ahmedabad, Vol.5, No.2, Oct.p.70-87, (1994)
5. Dr. K.V.Narasinga Rao, 1. Billerica Rd, Bedford (Mass), USA attended a plasma conference in 1964 that was held at FYSIKUM, University of Uppsala, and Uppsala, Sweden. He has observed during his visit the aurora borealis in Sweden.
6. K.Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) and Theses work submitted under his guidance: He developed a UV-Tube for pioneering work on Series Spectral Lines of Alkali Metals and other Atoms and Ions. He also used the Green Light excitation to determine the exact and accurate spectral wavelengths. Most of these studies made by him in India and London were of great relevance to the aurora mechanisms. Dr.K. Rangadhama Rao witnessed the aurora borealis in Sweden while he was at Fysikum, Univ.of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, with Professor Manne Siegbhan. He also worked at Paschen Berlin Labs of Physics. His colleagues, in Sweden were Dr. B. Edlen and Dr. Mack. (Later at Wisconsin University)
7. Regarding Visakhapatnam reference may be made to Dr. K. P. K Suhasini M.Sc. (Project) entitled “Environmental problems and Disaster management” Dated: 22nd April 2000, for the Department of Environmental Studies, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530002. She asserts “Its natural local climate owes its origin to the peculiar topography---grown into an ugly urban agglomeration-----“.She gave about Heat Islands, the remarks (1). Sirpur concrete structure of surface coverage with asphalt (2) Population density maintains steep thermal gradients (3) are complicated zones with multiple cores corresponding to the nature and distribution of city structures (4). More basic work is needed in Urban Meteorology.
Dr.Suhasini Kotcherlakota M. S (UNK) Doctoral Dissertation “A test of Strategies for Enhanced learning of descriptive Chemistry” awarded by Dean Prem S. Paul, on 5th may 2007, 9:30 O’clock, Lincoln, Nebraska. Advisor Professor David W. Brooks, http://dwb2.unl.edu/apchem/main.html/.
* Author of this article witnessed the aurora borealis while on a flight from Kastrup Airport to Amsterdam, during 20.00 to 21.55 hrs, on the 3rd Monday of May 1965.
** Airglow covers several latitudes and is generally unstructured. A unit of Measure is 1R=1E+06 photons/sq.cm/sec. It is energized by steady solar UV and X-ray emissions. Aurora is a high latitude phenomenon energized by charged particles, in upper atmosphere during solar and geophysical disturbances. It is a structured in both Space and Time but has a vivid variety of displays.
*** Rig-Veda and ancient Indian Scriptures have hymns giving details of SUVARNA (golden) rays of the Sun. According to Astro-panchang of India the eclipse to view is not inauspicious since it is also being viewed by Mercury and Venus planets, especially to those born in the Leo or Simha rasi(Zodiac sign) Eclipse occurred in Pushya Rasi i.e. Cancer and dangerous to view for the people born in this nakshtra!!

This photo shows The Lucia Day at FYSIKUM, University of Uppsala, with the local Orchestra Group. The author was a revere International Fellow invited on that Day. Dr.K.L.Narayana stayed at Granitvagen 4B Apt, in Uppsala during August 1964 to June 1965.

The author had the privilege to meet the Physics Nobel Prize winners in Physics at FYSIKUM, Uppsala, in the second week of December 1964.This photo shows Dr.Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana discussing with Professor Dr. Charles Towens [double prize winner of both the Nobel Prize (Sweden) and the Templeton Prize (USA)]

The picture shows author at Netherlands Sea Port on May 4th, 1965