Tuesday, March 17, 2009
Friday, March 13, 2009
The Study Meeting on LINAC establishments at Visakhapatnam
trusciencetrutechnology Vol.2009 No.2 Dated 1st Feb 2009 11.30AM
THE STUDY MEETING on LINAC establishments at Visakhapatnam .
By
Prof. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana and Prof.R.V.S. Sita Ram
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com
The new technology of LINACas a sealed off ultrahigh Vacuum High power device is coming at a fast rate. What you can do about it? There are several channels, to which you can talk. The idea is to create LOCAL neutron source facility and isotopes availability. How to posses the maximum equipment? Here is a capability to promote, of course, with the objective of which accelerator to be used and for what end use? Man power training in high technology and develop suitable formulations for isotopes utility.
Prof. R.V.Sita Ram,Professor in T.I.F.R at time of Transfer to SAMEER as its first, founding Director SAMEER, Powai, Mumbai has outlined the on the 29th January 2009 between 5.00PM to 6.45 PM, the strategy to establish the LINAC. The study meeting was held at the residence of Late Gorthi Venkata Rao (former Professor of History, AU, Visakhapatnam) in the first lane of Official Colony, Maharanipeta, attended by Prof E.V.Gangadharam, Dr.D.V.N.Sarma, Dr. Gorthi Padmavathi and Prof. K. Lakshmi Narayana. The meeting was initiated by the persistent effort of Shri Dr. Sudha Shankar Bhide of SAMEER who has developed advanced technology for Sealed off compact high energy, high power LINAC tubes and systems. Actually the research on accelerators was an outcome of Dr. Homi. J. Bhaba’s concern of development of clean radiation sources for High Energy studies and radioactive prospecting in India . Shri Sita Ram studied at Narasannapeta in Vizag and did his Intermediate course study in a college in Parlkamidi Town bordering Orissa state. He complete his B.Sc. M.Sc. degree courses in Banaras Hindu University , and joined the TIFR in 1947 after having been interviewed by Dr Homi J Bhaba. Prof R V. S. Sita Ram He worked and drew the preliminary designs of accelerator designs in Mumbai and worked in the environment of T.I.F.R Mumbai in its successive locations at Peddar Road ,Old Yatch Club, and present T.I.F.R Building .
During 1947-1960 Prof. R.V. S. Sita Ram worked on the properties of cosmic rays, particle detectors, high speed electronics, Radio Astronomy and other various programmes of T.I.F.R. In 1960, T.I.F.R used an accelerator for a long time obtaining Electronics and Gamma Rays of energy 3.5 MeV. Acceleration was achieved in the field of Microwaves.
But H.J.Bhaba was more concerned of development of country and to apply the scientific knowledge. The first step was to have Geological Prospecting and portable GM counters were designed and developed. Mostly U and Th sources underground were detected at several places in India . Shri Sita Ram has provided the electronic circuits for such equipment. The idea was to quantify the actual Radioactivity mines.
Prof. R.V. S. Sita Ram had opportunity to work in UK accelerator Laboratories,during 1950-1952 when their Theory and Technology was just being discovered and applied.
When Prof. R.V. S. Sita Ram took over the Directorship of SAMEER he concentrated on electron linear Accelerators that use of high power Microwaves while Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons use relatively lower radiofrequencies. SAMEER developed LINACS for specific applications for cancer therapy in hospitals and for Non-Destructive testing Radiography for Space Applications and Industry. They can also be used to produce Isotopes and Neutron beams.
Some of the Radar Applications contributed by SAMEER are MST Radar at Tirupati, Radiotheodolites used at several Meteorological stations,Tracking Radars used in ISRO, weather Doppler radars now in experimental stage.
Man power training in proposed high technology areas of Isotopes and neutron beams, helps developing countries to catch up with developed countries like China, Japan, Europe,USA and Russia
THE STUDY MEETING on LINAC establishments at Visakhapatnam .
By
Prof. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana and Prof.R.V.S. Sita Ram
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com
The new technology of LINACas a sealed off ultrahigh Vacuum High power device is coming at a fast rate. What you can do about it? There are several channels, to which you can talk. The idea is to create LOCAL neutron source facility and isotopes availability. How to posses the maximum equipment? Here is a capability to promote, of course, with the objective of which accelerator to be used and for what end use? Man power training in high technology and develop suitable formulations for isotopes utility.
Prof. R.V.Sita Ram,Professor in T.I.F.R at time of Transfer to SAMEER as its first, founding Director SAMEER, Powai, Mumbai has outlined the on the 29th January 2009 between 5.00PM to 6.45 PM, the strategy to establish the LINAC. The study meeting was held at the residence of Late Gorthi Venkata Rao (former Professor of History, AU, Visakhapatnam) in the first lane of Official Colony, Maharanipeta, attended by Prof E.V.Gangadharam, Dr.D.V.N.Sarma, Dr. Gorthi Padmavathi and Prof. K. Lakshmi Narayana. The meeting was initiated by the persistent effort of Shri Dr. Sudha Shankar Bhide of SAMEER who has developed advanced technology for Sealed off compact high energy, high power LINAC tubes and systems. Actually the research on accelerators was an outcome of Dr. Homi. J. Bhaba’s concern of development of clean radiation sources for High Energy studies and radioactive prospecting in India . Shri Sita Ram studied at Narasannapeta in Vizag and did his Intermediate course study in a college in Parlkamidi Town bordering Orissa state. He complete his B.Sc. M.Sc. degree courses in Banaras Hindu University , and joined the TIFR in 1947 after having been interviewed by Dr Homi J Bhaba. Prof R V. S. Sita Ram He worked and drew the preliminary designs of accelerator designs in Mumbai and worked in the environment of T.I.F.R Mumbai in its successive locations at Peddar Road ,Old Yatch Club, and present T.I.F.R Building .
During 1947-1960 Prof. R.V. S. Sita Ram worked on the properties of cosmic rays, particle detectors, high speed electronics, Radio Astronomy and other various programmes of T.I.F.R. In 1960, T.I.F.R used an accelerator for a long time obtaining Electronics and Gamma Rays of energy 3.5 MeV. Acceleration was achieved in the field of Microwaves.
But H.J.Bhaba was more concerned of development of country and to apply the scientific knowledge. The first step was to have Geological Prospecting and portable GM counters were designed and developed. Mostly U and Th sources underground were detected at several places in India . Shri Sita Ram has provided the electronic circuits for such equipment. The idea was to quantify the actual Radioactivity mines.
Prof. R.V. S. Sita Ram had opportunity to work in UK accelerator Laboratories,during 1950-1952 when their Theory and Technology was just being discovered and applied.
When Prof. R.V. S. Sita Ram took over the Directorship of SAMEER he concentrated on electron linear Accelerators that use of high power Microwaves while Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons use relatively lower radiofrequencies. SAMEER developed LINACS for specific applications for cancer therapy in hospitals and for Non-Destructive testing Radiography for Space Applications and Industry. They can also be used to produce Isotopes and Neutron beams.
Some of the Radar Applications contributed by SAMEER are MST Radar at Tirupati, Radiotheodolites used at several Meteorological stations,Tracking Radars used in ISRO, weather Doppler radars now in experimental stage.
Man power training in proposed high technology areas of Isotopes and neutron beams, helps developing countries to catch up with developed countries like China, Japan, Europe,USA and Russia
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
The Nuclear Explosive Fission Break-up of Parent MEL-Planet into formation of present day Earth, Mars and Moon entities of the Solar system
PAPER SUBMITTED TO MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES on 06th September 2008, of THE 96TH INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS HELD DURING JANUARY 3 TO 7, 2009
From: Lakshmi Narayana Kotcherlakota (lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com)
Sent: 06 September 2008 16:01PM
Accepted on 10th November 2009 by the SECTION OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
The Nuclear explosive Fission break-up of parent MEL-Planet into formation of present day Earth, Mars and Moon entities of the Solar system.By
Kotcherlakota Lakshmi narayana
Tru-Science & Tru-Technology Organization,
17-11-10,Official Colony,Maharanipeta.P.O.Viskahapatnam
Email ID: Kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com
Key words: Nuclear Fission, Core Model, Earth, Moon, Mars, MEL-Planet, Moment of Inertia, debris of explosion, primary and secondary processes.
ABSTRACT:
The Earth, Mars and Moon were thought and modeled to have existed as a single planet at about 1.26AU from the Sun. The known facts and physical data of Earth, Mars and Moon have been neatly incorporated in the parent MEL-Planet to get its Moment of Inertia, Surface Tension and Nuclear Fission Explosion event parameters. The primary and secondary processes of Fission were envisaged to arrive at sequential formation of firstly the Mars planet and secondly the Moon planet from a single parent planet termed the MEL-Planet. Simple considerations of deformation theory of the MEL-core was found to suffice the explanation of the orbital parameters of present day Earth, mars and Moon entities of the Solar system.
Email ID: Kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com
INTRODUCTION:
The ancient scriptures of India have given hymns describing the formation of the planet Mars (ANGARAKA) from a parent Earth-like planet. It would be an interesting exercise and a model development to account for the formation of Mars as a daughter planet of a parent planet, which I term as the MEL-Planet. The essential features of Earth, Mars and Moon are necessarily to be endowed as well in the description of MEL-Planet. The aim of the present article is to project an account of the quantitative results obtained from my model considerations and simulation studies.
The recent and the past Moon Voyager space vehicles and man-made flights(the exact number unknown)have all concluded in general that Moon is constituted by a Solar or extra-Solar genesis. The main reason behind such an argument is that the composition of soil, rocks, grains and the lunar dust of the Moon interior and surface do not bear a relationship with Terrestrial or other Solar planetary material. The model envisaged here in this paper holds a contrary view.
THE MODEL OF EML-PLANET:
The EML-Planet was existing eons ago constituted by the material that now exists in the Earth, Mars and Lunar entities except for the fact that over millions of years(if not billions) of ageing certain morphological and physical manifestations have changed them drastically, quite radically and beyond even an easy and ready comprehension.
The core of the EML-Planet, existing at that time presumably at a distance of 1.26AU was not that much different from the material of present day Earth, Mars and Moon core materials. The present day Mars and Moon core sizes are so small that fit into neatly as a package of the core of the MEL-Planet. This is a significant aspect of my model of MEL-Planet core composition.
The neat fit of the same core material of course, need to be understood only in terms of the medium properties of the MEL-Planet core that was existing at 1.26AU some eons ago. The exact date when the MEL-Planet disappeared giving rise to the daughter planets viz. Earth) at 1AU), Mars (1.52AU) and Moon (a few km away from earth) is not mentioned in the available scriptures in India. It may not be that much difficult to ascertain it from the present-day technological measurements. The process of the break-up of the MEL-Planet is also not elaborated in the scriptures available in India. It is my firm conviction that MEL-Planet existed at 1.26AU with Bodes’ law validity as a questionable.
The core-mass Matrix is given below. It leads to the possible eigenvalues in which it the core can manifest itself.
Table No.1 The Mass-Core Matrix
4.308057 -3.84772 -0.41308 -0.04725
-3.84772 -3.43657 -0.36894 -0.0422
-0.41308 -0.36894 -0.19707 -0.00453
-0.04725 -0.0422 -0.00453 -0.00052
This matrix gives the levels in which the possible break up of the MEL-Planet could take place. The Nuclear Explosive Fission break up of the MEL-Planet led to the formation of the Earth, Mars and Moon daughter planets is what my model asserts.
CERTAIN PHYSICAL FEATURES AND RELEVANT DATA:
Obviously the mass of MEL-Planet should satisfy the equation
Mmel = (4/3) *π*R 3 mel * ρ mel ………………………..eq.1
where ρ mel is the density, R mel is the core radius and the general equation of pressure is given by
-p0 (r) *4 *π*R 2mel +(3/20)* G * M2 mel / R 2mel =0. ……..eq.2
where p0 (r) is the pressure. It is well known that the core of the Earth is about 2898km. By the same arguments I have used the core sizes of Mars as about 1533.83km and that of Moon about 789.87km. I have derived a value of R mel = 6716.246km which is not much different from the mean Earth’s radius of about 6376.65km.
The core-mass Matrix is given below. It leads to the
possible eigenvalues in which it the core can manifest itself.
Table No.2 The Moment of Inertia and the Rotational Energies
Planet/ Satellite Moment of Inertia Rotational Energy
Units of Kg.m2 Joules
MEL-Planet 1.934E+37 5.11E+28
Earth Planet 1,55E+37 4.14E+28
Mars Planet 4.6823E+35 1.18E+27
Moon Satellite 1.42036E34 4.31E+22
CORE-MANTLE SIZES:
The Earth body has been divided into Six zones A, b, C, D, E, F, G with respective distances mentioned as about 33km, 413km, 984km for A, B and (C,D) and E at about 2898 km and the remaining distance of the radius of Earth, for the F and G zones.
The core size adopted in the present article of course, refer to the core sizes that were existing inside the EML-Planet at about 1.26AU distance from the Sun. The values adopted by me for the core-sizes are physically plausible magnitudes, since they (should) reflect finally the formation of Earth, mars and Moon entities. The sizes do differ in view of the eons age of evolution of from the date of their formation, through which evolution they have evolved to the present day core-mantle structures.
THE NUCLEAR FISSION BREAK-UP MODEL:
We need to know the surface energy (larger than surface tension)
That holds the planet MEL in a stable condition. The model envisaged here readily offers the surface tension value of 5.4987E+53 N/m. The core has a characteristic oscillation period of about 1.65E-17sec. For the formation of the Mars, Moon and Earth system in the break-up process of the MEL, I have obtained the Energy magnitudes of ejection of Mars, Moon and Earth from the MEL-Planet as about 1.93E+32 J, 3.84E+28J and 2.65E33J respectively.
(a)Primary Explosion:
This is a break through finding of the author’s model. These energies essentially give the total Nuclear Fission Explosion energy of the system.
The magnitude of the explosive energy corresponds to the trapped Hydrogen gas of the MEL-Planet as about 4.5E+18Kg. Thus the MEL model gives an insight into the Physics of the core material of the MEL-Planet. There are several papers that think of a solid crystalline Hydrogen core of the Earth Planet and some others contend it is only consists of the Nickel Iron in Liquid /solid form. The primary might not have anyway exhausted the entire hydrogen content of the MEL-Planet and so solace is for the scientists who argue about the presence of the crystalline Hydrogen inside the core of present day Earth.
The Nuclear (thermo) explosion fission led to the fission fragmentary components of the MEL-Planet and they eventually formed the cores of the Earth, mars and Lunar entities ,in a sequence of primary and secondary explosive processes.
(b) THE MATERIAL OF MOON (secondary explosive process):
At first Mars was created and then the secondary explosion led to the creation of Moon using the remnants of the primary process of thermonuclear explosion of MEL-Planet.
This is another significant finding of the present model that the material of the Moon differs essentially from the material of the Earth or the mars, due to the fact, that Moon is constituted by the debris of the primary Nuclear Fission explosion of the MEL-Planet core years ago.
CONCLUSIONS AND RESULTS:
1.MEL-Planet existed at a distance of 1.26 AU from the Sun.
2.MEL-Planet broke up into fission fragments of present day Earth, Mars and Moon
3.The material of moon was the debris of primary nuclear fission process break-up of the MEL-Planet.
4.The less energetic secondary explosion has thrown off the Moon material from the Earth’s core, immediately after the primary explosion.
5.The energy levels of the MEL-Planet core provide an interesting insight into the gravitational and temperature profiles of the planetary systems during the early stages of their formation and as well before the break-up into fission fragments.
6.The known facts and physical data of Earth, Mars and Moon neatly fit into the MEL-Planet constitution and structure.
7.The nuclear Fission Explosion break-up of the core of MEL-Planet leads to the present orbital parameters of the Earth, Moon and Mars entities effectively and with reasonable accuracy.
8.The core oscillations frequency of MEL-Planet was found to be of the order of 1.65E-17sec, which is a physically reasonable value.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT:
The author wishes to record his deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to late Professor K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) for his constant encouragement and guidance in my research work. He is also grateful to IAEA, SAE and UNESCO for grant of an International Fellowship to him during the year 1964-1965 which made it possible for me to visit various European and Scandinavian research laboratories.
REFERENCES:
1.The Atomic Nucleus by RD Evans McGraw-Hill Co.NY, p.387 (1955).
2. W.J.Christensen Jr. Gen Rel Grav Vol.39, p.105-110, (2007)
3. an article by Neven Bilic et al p.46-52. on Thermonuclear Instability
*Ancient Sanskrit scriptures of India mentioning some hymns of creation of Angaraka (Mars) planet from Earth. Bhakti monthly magazine June/July/Aug 2008.
=================================================================
I. On the origin of Moon-Earth system:
Doc for trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com dt3rd March 2009 copyright held
Alfven and Arrhenius have stated that Moon could not have been generated in the environment of the earth by a normal accretion process as claimed by some authors. They proposed that Moon was also a captured satellite with several aspects of tides evolution and capture orbit not understood completely. Of course, they point out that Earth-Moon system with a satellite-to-planet ratio of 1:80 is different from normal systems the general approach proposed by them is the transfer of angular momentum from the central body to prograde secondary bodies. This can take place by hydro magnetic processes occurring in the plasma environment of the central body. A simple formula of gravitation potential κΦ has specific values where Φ =Mc/R orb with R orb is orbital radius of secondary body and κ the gravitational constant. Mars has satellites Deimos at 34.2 and Phobos at 13.5 earth radii. Their analysis stresses that Luna planet accreted in a jet stream near Earth’s orbit. The jet streams of formation of Moon and that of Earth cannot be asserted whether Luna jet stream was located inside or outside Earth’s jet stream.
Chemical compositions of the two jet streams are different. Moon accreted with cool interior while Earth formed due to a hot core. Original lunar orbit intersected Earth’s orbit and due to frequent Earth-Moon encounters resulted eventually to its capture by Earth.
H. Alfven ICARUS vol.8, No.3, p.215-226, 1964
H. Alfven and G. Arrhenius the Moon vol.5 p.210-230(all rights reserved)
Tides make the Moon’s distance increase, means that when extrapolated backward Moon was closer to Earth. Darwin was suggested by H. Alfven to have calculated the variations of Moon’s Orbit and half century later Gerstenkorn solved its orbit elements. During 1950-60. See ref L H Alfven, Origin of Moon, Science Vol.148. p.3669, 1965.
I. On the origin of Moon-Earth system:
Doc for trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com dt3rd March 2009 copyright held
Alfven and Arrhenius have stated that Moon could not have been generated in the environment of the earth by a normal accretion process as claimed by some authors. They proposed that Moon was also a captured satellite with several aspects of tides evolution and capture orbit not understood completely. Of course, they point out that Earth-Moon system with a satellite-to-planet ratio of 1:80 is different from normal systems the general approach proposed by them is the transfer of angular momentum from the central body to prograde secondary bodies. This can take place by hydro magnetic processes occurring in the plasma environment of the central body. A simple formula of gravitation potential κΦ has specific values where Φ =Mc/R orb with R orb is orbital radius of secondary body and κ the gravitational constant. Mars has satellites Deimos at 34.2 and Phobos at 13.5 earth radii. Their analysis stresses that Luna planet accreted in a jet stream near Earth’s orbit. The jet streams of formation of Moon and that of Earth cannot be asserted whether Luna jet stream was located inside or outside Earth’s jet stream.
Chemical compositions of the two jet streams are different. Moon accreted with cool interior while Earth formed due to a hot core. Original lunar orbit intersected Earth’s orbit and due to frequent Earth-Moon encounters resulted eventually to its capture by Earth.
H. Alfven ICARUS vol.8, No.3, p.215-226, 1964
H. Alfven and G. Arrhenius the Moon vol.5 p.210-230(all rights reserved)
Tides make the Moon’s distance increase, means that when extrapolated backward Moon was closer to Earth. Darwin was suggested by H. Alfven to have calculated the variations of Moon’s Orbit and half century later Gerstenkorn solved its orbit elements. During 1950-60. See ref L H Alfven, Origin of Moon, Science Vol.148. p.3669, 1965.
=================================================================
II. Chadrayaan mission meant to explore Lunar surface by simultaneous photo geological and chemical mapping to identify different geological parameters. The great Impact hypothesis is what the Editorial of Dream2047 vol.11, No.2, p.21, 2008 of India feels the currently accepted hypothesis on the Orgin of Moon. It proposes that a body of the size of Mars slammed into Earth shortly after formation of Iron core interior. The impact took place with the blasting off a big chunk of Earth into space that ejecta began orbiting Earth. The ejecta coalesced into Moon. It seems that Impact Hypothesis explains missing Iron of the Moon, similarity of rocks of Earth and the Moon and the tilts of Moon and Earth orbits respectively.
II. Chadrayaan mission meant to explore Lunar surface by simultaneous photo geological and chemical mapping to identify different geological parameters. The great Impact hypothesis is what the Editorial of Dream2047 vol.11, No.2, p.21, 2008 of India feels the currently accepted hypothesis on the Orgin of Moon. It proposes that a body of the size of Mars slammed into Earth shortly after formation of Iron core interior. The impact took place with the blasting off a big chunk of Earth into space that ejecta began orbiting Earth. The ejecta coalesced into Moon. It seems that Impact Hypothesis explains missing Iron of the Moon, similarity of rocks of Earth and the Moon and the tilts of Moon and Earth orbits respectively.
==================================================================
III. Note on Mars:
The Vedic hymn on Mars is as follows:
“ Angaraka Mahiputra Bhagvan! Bhaktavatsala
Namaste Mamashesha Runamashu Vimochaya”
Pedda Bala Shiksha of Hindu schools has this sloka to be learnt by school children. Once upon a time the Mars was a fiery Planet. Also mentioned by Devarakonda Sheshagiri Rao in Kumudam Bhakti Special, page 43, July 2008
III. Note on Mars:
The Vedic hymn on Mars is as follows:
“ Angaraka Mahiputra Bhagvan! Bhaktavatsala
Namaste Mamashesha Runamashu Vimochaya”
Pedda Bala Shiksha of Hindu schools has this sloka to be learnt by school children. Once upon a time the Mars was a fiery Planet. Also mentioned by Devarakonda Sheshagiri Rao in Kumudam Bhakti Special, page 43, July 2008
===========================================================
A new Model by J.J.A. Getino and A. Escapa from Universities of Valladolid and Aliconta explains movements of Moon according to ScienceDaily News dt. Dec 20, 2008. They have new formulas to study rotation of Moon, based on its structure of a solid external layer and a fluid internal core. Their model proposes among other things the study of multi-layer theories to study rotation and movements of the Moon based on the small changes that take place within the Earth’s rotational axis. Kopeikic et al., Adv. Space Res., Vol.42, No.8, p.1378, 2008. They claim that Laser ranging would allow Earth-Moon distances to be determined to the accuracy of millimeter.
A new Model by J.J.A. Getino and A. Escapa from Universities of Valladolid and Aliconta explains movements of Moon according to ScienceDaily News dt. Dec 20, 2008. They have new formulas to study rotation of Moon, based on its structure of a solid external layer and a fluid internal core. Their model proposes among other things the study of multi-layer theories to study rotation and movements of the Moon based on the small changes that take place within the Earth’s rotational axis. Kopeikic et al., Adv. Space Res., Vol.42, No.8, p.1378, 2008. They claim that Laser ranging would allow Earth-Moon distances to be determined to the accuracy of millimeter.
Saturday, January 3, 2009
A CLASS OF EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR THE FLUID UNIVERSE FILLED WITH MAGNETOFLIUD –LIKE FIELDS
trusciencetrutechnology Vol.No.2009,Issue No.1,Dt.7th January, 2009A CLASS OF EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR THE FLUID UNIVERSE FILLED WITH MAGNETOFLIUD–LIKE FIELDS.
by
Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
http://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com/
(Retd. Prof of Physics,Shivaji University,Kolhapur-416004}
17-11-10 Narasimha Ashram,Official Colony,Maharanipeta.P.O.
Visakhapatnam-530002
lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com
Dated: 3rd January 2009 12.30PM
KEY WORDS: FLUID FILLED UNIVERSE,RAO(NOVAE)STAR, Raychadhuri Equation,Expansion,Shear,Rotation,Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics, General Relativity,Condensation point, Magnetic Monopoles,pole strengths,cosmic entities, Black Holes,Equation of Energy,Space-Time Model,Astrophysics,Cosmology,Relative Mass,test particle
ABSTRACT
A class of exact solutions of the Einstein Field Equation with Relativistic Magneto hydrodynamic aspects and as well of a Raychaudhuri-like equation for the evolution of the Universe has been obtained. The condensation point of the Universe has been found to be characterized by two types of magneto fluid-like field is remarkably different from the usual considerations of Lichernowicz [3] in terms of a magneto fluid flow vector. The implications of the Model are far-reaching to understand and asses the deeper Astrophysics structural features of several of cosmic entities and possibly the Novae Stars. The aspects of the dynamic equation and the Equation of Energy have been outlined with explicitly presenting the equation for determination of several thermodynamic parameters characterizing the space-time model termed the FLUID UNIVERSE.
Introduction:
The frequent findings on magnetic fields of cosmic entities(such as stars, galaxies, novae, pulsars, quarks, magnetic stars, Black Holes, dwarfs etc.) by Hubble telescope, ISS and other space probes of several countries it is thought it would be rewarding by a study of Relativistic Magneto hydrodynamics and would be of great influence in the realm of Astrophysics.
The recent experimental observations on just a few close by stars that are moving around the super massive Black Holes of our own Milky Way Galaxy, led to an understanding of its features. In this regard and also regarding the structure of multiversity of cosmic entities and stars, it is thought also to have a fresh look into the General Relativity and Magneto hydrodynamic aspects of Universe Evolution and structure of cosmic entities. [1, 2, 3]. The universe is currently undergoing an accelerated phase of expansion, a challenge that is being negotiated with effective negative pressure and of presence of a dynamical dark energy. This obviously gives a new insight of the subject of Astrophysics.[2]
Exact solutions of the Field Equations for a isotropic, isentropic, non-homogeneous universe with Magneto fluid-like fields with infinite Electrical Conductivity and a constant magnetic permeability have been deduced in the present work using the line element that has parameters laterally dependent, In terms of spherical coordinates the θ is regarded as the lateral coordinate. The energy-Momentum Tensor (Lichernowicz 1967)[3] has been left open to realize and determine the several of Thermodynamic variables viz., the density ρ , pressure p and Entropy S and the 4-velocity vector u α and the Magneto fluid-like fields.
The Method of Analysis:
This involves a fluid at rest relative to the world lines of constant r, θ, and φ and the co-ordinate system is co-moving system i.e.
with
but explicitly treating the
This is a departure from usual considerations of the spherically symmetric Cosmological Models [4]. The method uses the Einstein Field Equations given by
is the Ricci Tensor (contraction of Curvature Tensor), and R is the curvature scalar given by R=Rμμ .Here Κ=8πG/c2 with G as the Universal Gravitation constant
Lateral Dependent Line Element Exact Solution:
The dynamic and lateral dependent yet another line element is given by
with
has been studied. This and the more general line element involving Φ that satisfy the Relativistic Magneto hydrodynamic and Einstein field Equations have been explicitly worked out. The results obtained for azimuthal dependence would be the subject matter for the next publication at this blogspot.
The solution for the metric Eq.4 gives
The physical entity R used here is not the curvature scalar and is known as the scale factor, with dimensions of length and is a function of time only. The equation also depicts the evolution of the Fluid Universe, specified by the line element given by Eq.4
The function R (t) in Robertson-Walker space-time is taken to be the expansion factor. Hubble parameter
and the deceleration parameter q is given by
The dot and suffix t, both imply differentiation with respect to the cosmological time parameter t. The physical entity e Λ involves obviously g m only but allows the line element solution similar to both the De Sitter’s by putting θ=900 and gm=0, with the exception that Λ is a function of r, t and θ parameters.
THE FLUID UNIVERSE:
Another significant aspect of the present work is that a new Magneto fluid-like field, with field strength gad , gave rise to a new set of Relativistic Magneto-hydrodynamic equations for the total pressure pT , the Energy density ρT and internal energy density εT.The equations found are
with
The formalism developed and reported herewith in this publication involves the Magneto fluid-like fields, with two different magnetic field strengths (supposedly) and the magnitude of the magneto fluid-like field given by:
which may not be interpreted as Lichernowicz [3] has explicitly defined to be a product of the relevant ha vectors. The essential feature of the model presented here is that Einstein Equations involve on the right hand side the Geometric features of the space-time while the left hand side involves Energy-Momentum Tensor of the new Magneto fluid-like fields. The marriage between the new fields and the Geometry, of course, needs further digression that’s postponed at present.
THE KINEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOLUTION AND THE GAUZE CONDITION:
The Differential Geometric entity ωφθ which is an element of the set of connection forms of the space-time is obtained by a proper choice of the orthonormal basis of the line element Eq.4 .for the Fluid Universe. The values of acceleration u ,expansion or the scale factor Θ , shear σαβ and rotation ωαβ are obtained.
The gauze condition follows from the assertion that
where
and Λ θ is the derivative of Λ with respect to θ.
The scalar quantity Θ is found to be
and the kinematical properties lead to
The fluid universe obeys a Raychadhuri’s-like equation [9]
and here
is not entirely zero and where it is defined that
Where L is the significant length gives the volume behavior of the Fluid. Here ρm and pm are the matter density and pressure respectively. Noteworthy that u ¢a is not entirely zero, with the usual meaning of the term as the acceleration. Hence the class of exact solutions found out here distinct.
It is not surprising to investigate the Relativistic Cosmology from an unfamiliar point of view of anisotropy etc. features of a space-time. In literature, the treatment of initial conditions, in this context, has been stressed, for example in Hot Big-Bang Models by including the anisotropy.
Once the time evolution of expansion factor R(t) is known, the density and pressure and in turn the Magneto fluid-like fields determine how the expansion proceeds in Cosmological time t of the Fluid Universe.
The Eq.16 given above would be thus helpful to gain an insight into the closed loop logic [ 5 ] of the Field Equations and also to understand the dynamic Equation that involves the second derivative of the expansion factor. The initial value equation i.e. he Energy Equation asserts regarding the Cosmological Fluid Universe Model envisaged and apparently which is a Field Dominated Universe.
MAGNETOFLUID-LIKE FIELD STRENGTHS:
The idea of point source or the existence of a condensation centre of the magneto fluid filled Universes seems to be centric with certain kind of static solutions.
The constant gm is usually interpreted as the magnetic field pole strength of the Condensation centre of a magnetic fluid. I retained this concept partly in the present model of FLUID UNIVERSE considerations but with the caution that the surrounding Universe is not a smoothed out version by the “ambient” perfect fluid.
This is so since although the centre of condensation of the magneto fluid-like fields occurs through the vanishing of the strength gm, the affects of gad would persist. This outweighs the present day believes of a collapse to a central condensation region of a Universe or as a matter of fact Collapse leading to formation of a Black Hole or Super massive Black Holes etc.
It may be remarked that the constant gad occurring in the Fluid Universe Model line element is similar to the one given by Nordstrom-Jeffery solution for gravitational field of an electron. This is somewhat surprising. A similar constant according to Das [7] cited already above implies the gad type of magnetic pole strength of a point source at r=0.
The relative mass of a test particle depends therefore as well on the additional magneto fluid-like field pole strength gad. [8, 9, 10]
Discussion:
In the co-moving frame of reference the time of collapse τ is of the same order of magnitude as the time required for the free fall of a particle in a field. The present study hints that presence of an additional Magneto Fluid-like field inside the collapsing entity that would give rise to possible certain belts or rings consisting of the Relativistic and non-relativistic particles. These rings (belts) would be the immense source of EM waves in radio, optical and X-ray regions of the spectrum. The total energy of particles contained in these rings (belts) may be comparable to the Magneto Fluid –like fields of energy of order 10E+56 ergs or more by several orders of magnitude. Whether these rings (belts) be regarded as magnetic fluid-like rings is an open problem. Best example, in this context, of course may be those occurring in Crab Nebula of the supernovae 1054(or in the region of Novae star termed Rao star)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The author is deeply indebted to Professor K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras).D.Sc.(London) who inspired me for research work and provided me constant guidance and encouragement. He also presented me with several books in the subjects of Theoretical Physics and Mathematical Physics.
REFERENCES:
1.A.H.Taub Phys.Rev D Vol.103,p.1454 (1971)
2.P.Yodzis Phys.Rev D vol.3 No.12, p.2941 (1971)and Padmanabhan. T. Roy Choudhury T Mon.Not.R.Astronomy Soc astroph/10212573(2003)
3.Andre Lichernowicz Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Magneto Hydrodynamics, Benjamin Inc. NY,1967
4.L.C.McVitte General Relativity and Cosmology, Chapman and Hill Ltd, London, p.140, 1965.
5.C.W.Misner, K.S.Thorne, J.A.Wheeler Gravitation, W.H.Freeman & Co. pages 566,72 (1970)
6.W. Israel, Differential Forms in General Relativity
Dublin Adv.Studies series A No.19 (1970)
7.A.Das, Prog.Theor.Phys Vol.24, p.915 (1960).
8. The negative mass shells were first encountered by M.M.May and R.H.White Phys Rev.141, p.1232 (1966) the negative mass was used by the present author to observe the Rao Stars (a publication made at this blogger and reported to Ind.Sci.Cong. held at Andhra University in 2008) see also M.E.Cahill and G.C. McVittie J.Math.Phys.vol.11, No.4 p.1382, 1970.
9.A. Ray Chaudhuri Relativistic Cosmology Phy.Rev Vol.98, p.1123 and GFR Ellis Relativistic Cosmology Ed by RKSachs, AP, NY. Also T.G.W.Misner Astro J.,vol.151,Feb p.431,(1965)
10.Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana, Ind. Sci.Cong, Session X Ref.paper No.33,page 23,2008 Andhra University.
by
Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
http://trusciencetrutechnology.blogspot.com/
(Retd. Prof of Physics,Shivaji University,Kolhapur-416004}
17-11-10 Narasimha Ashram,Official Colony,Maharanipeta.P.O.
Visakhapatnam-530002
lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com
Dated: 3rd January 2009 12.30PM
KEY WORDS: FLUID FILLED UNIVERSE,RAO(NOVAE)STAR, Raychadhuri Equation,Expansion,Shear,Rotation,Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics, General Relativity,Condensation point, Magnetic Monopoles,pole strengths,cosmic entities, Black Holes,Equation of Energy,Space-Time Model,Astrophysics,Cosmology,Relative Mass,test particle
ABSTRACT
A class of exact solutions of the Einstein Field Equation with Relativistic Magneto hydrodynamic aspects and as well of a Raychaudhuri-like equation for the evolution of the Universe has been obtained. The condensation point of the Universe has been found to be characterized by two types of magneto fluid-like field is remarkably different from the usual considerations of Lichernowicz [3] in terms of a magneto fluid flow vector. The implications of the Model are far-reaching to understand and asses the deeper Astrophysics structural features of several of cosmic entities and possibly the Novae Stars. The aspects of the dynamic equation and the Equation of Energy have been outlined with explicitly presenting the equation for determination of several thermodynamic parameters characterizing the space-time model termed the FLUID UNIVERSE.
Introduction:
The frequent findings on magnetic fields of cosmic entities(such as stars, galaxies, novae, pulsars, quarks, magnetic stars, Black Holes, dwarfs etc.) by Hubble telescope, ISS and other space probes of several countries it is thought it would be rewarding by a study of Relativistic Magneto hydrodynamics and would be of great influence in the realm of Astrophysics.
The recent experimental observations on just a few close by stars that are moving around the super massive Black Holes of our own Milky Way Galaxy, led to an understanding of its features. In this regard and also regarding the structure of multiversity of cosmic entities and stars, it is thought also to have a fresh look into the General Relativity and Magneto hydrodynamic aspects of Universe Evolution and structure of cosmic entities. [1, 2, 3]. The universe is currently undergoing an accelerated phase of expansion, a challenge that is being negotiated with effective negative pressure and of presence of a dynamical dark energy. This obviously gives a new insight of the subject of Astrophysics.[2]
Exact solutions of the Field Equations for a isotropic, isentropic, non-homogeneous universe with Magneto fluid-like fields with infinite Electrical Conductivity and a constant magnetic permeability have been deduced in the present work using the line element that has parameters laterally dependent, In terms of spherical coordinates the θ is regarded as the lateral coordinate. The energy-Momentum Tensor (Lichernowicz 1967)[3] has been left open to realize and determine the several of Thermodynamic variables viz., the density ρ , pressure p and Entropy S and the 4-velocity vector u α and the Magneto fluid-like fields.
The Method of Analysis:
This involves a fluid at rest relative to the world lines of constant r, θ, and φ and the co-ordinate system is co-moving system i.e.
uμ= e (-Φ/2) δμ4-----------(1)
ds2= eΦdt2-eΛ(dr2 + r2dΩ2)/c2------(2)
with
dΩ 2=dθ 2 + sin2dφ2
but explicitly treating the
This is a departure from usual considerations of the spherically symmetric Cosmological Models [4]. The method uses the Einstein Field Equations given by
Gμυ = Rμυ - (1/2)gμυ R= - Κc2Tμυ-----------(3)
where Tμυ
Rμυ= Rτμτυ
is the Ricci Tensor (contraction of Curvature Tensor), and R is the curvature scalar given by R=Rμμ .Here Κ=8πG/c2 with G as the Universal Gravitation constant
G=6.67E-11 N.m2/kg2.
Lateral Dependent Line Element Exact Solution:
The dynamic and lateral dependent yet another line element is given by
ds2=dt2-eΛ(dθ2+r2dΩ2)/c2---------(4)
with
Λ=Λ(r, θ, φ) --------(5)
has been studied. This and the more general line element involving Φ that satisfy the Relativistic Magneto hydrodynamic and Einstein field Equations have been explicitly worked out. The results obtained for azimuthal dependence would be the subject matter for the next publication at this blogspot.
The solution for the metric Eq.4 gives
eΛ=R2{1+gm2/4r2R2}2 cosec2 θ ------------------------- (6)
The physical entity R used here is not the curvature scalar and is known as the scale factor, with dimensions of length and is a function of time only. The equation also depicts the evolution of the Fluid Universe, specified by the line element given by Eq.4
Λt=2R˙/R
The function R (t) in Robertson-Walker space-time is taken to be the expansion factor. Hubble parameter
H=R˙/R
and the deceleration parameter q is given by
q=-(H˙/H2)-1=-R˙˙R/R˙2 ------------------(7)
The dot and suffix t, both imply differentiation with respect to the cosmological time parameter t. The physical entity e Λ involves obviously g m only but allows the line element solution similar to both the De Sitter’s by putting θ=900 and gm=0, with the exception that Λ is a function of r, t and θ parameters.
THE FLUID UNIVERSE:
Another significant aspect of the present work is that a new Magneto fluid-like field, with field strength gad , gave rise to a new set of Relativistic Magneto-hydrodynamic equations for the total pressure pT , the Energy density ρT and internal energy density εT.The equations found are
8πG ρT= 3R˙2/R2+[c2gm2e(-2Λ)cosec2θ]/r4+
[gad2e(-Λ)cot2θ]/r2-------- (8)
8πG PT/c2=-R˙2/R2- 2R˙˙2/R2+
[c2gm2e(-2Λ)cosec2θ]/r4+ [gad2e(-Λ) cot2θ]/r2------(9)
8πG εT/c2 =(1/ρ0)[3R˙2/R2 + [c2gm2e(-2Λ)cosec2θ]/r4+ [gad2e(-Λ)cot2θ]/r2]------(10)
with
eΛ=R2{1+gm2/4r2R2}2cosec2θ
The formalism developed and reported herewith in this publication involves the Magneto fluid-like fields, with two different magnetic field strengths (supposedly) and the magnitude of the magneto fluid-like field given by:
h2=[2gm2e(-2Λ)cosec2θ/(kμr4) + gad2e(-Λ)cot2θ/(kμr2)]
which may not be interpreted as Lichernowicz [3] has explicitly defined to be a product of the relevant ha vectors. The essential feature of the model presented here is that Einstein Equations involve on the right hand side the Geometric features of the space-time while the left hand side involves Energy-Momentum Tensor of the new Magneto fluid-like fields. The marriage between the new fields and the Geometry, of course, needs further digression that’s postponed at present.
THE KINEMATICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOLUTION AND THE GAUZE CONDITION:
The Differential Geometric entity ωφθ which is an element of the set of connection forms of the space-time is obtained by a proper choice of the orthonormal basis of the line element Eq.4 .for the Fluid Universe. The values of acceleration u ,expansion or the scale factor Θ , shear σαβ and rotation ωαβ are obtained.
The gauze condition follows from the assertion that
ωφθ=eΛ/2(c/r){Λθ/2+cotθ)ωφ = 0------(12)
where
ωφ=eΛ/2rsinθdφ------(13)
and Λ θ is the derivative of Λ with respect to θ.
The scalar quantity Θ is found to be
Θ= Λt/2=R˙/R=uα ;α ---------(14)
and the kinematical properties lead to
ωαβ=σαβ=0--------(15)
The fluid universe obeys a Raychadhuri’s-like equation [9]
3[Θ,β uβ]+3Θ2 = u˙α;αδα2-kc2{ρm + 3pm/c2+μh2}=3(Ď2uL)/L--------------(16)
and here
u˙α
is not entirely zero and where it is defined that
Θ= (ĎuL)/L -------(17)
and
ĎuL=L;βuβ -------(18)
Where L is the significant length gives the volume behavior of the Fluid. Here ρm and pm are the matter density and pressure respectively. Noteworthy that u ¢a is not entirely zero, with the usual meaning of the term as the acceleration. Hence the class of exact solutions found out here distinct.
It is not surprising to investigate the Relativistic Cosmology from an unfamiliar point of view of anisotropy etc. features of a space-time. In literature, the treatment of initial conditions, in this context, has been stressed, for example in Hot Big-Bang Models by including the anisotropy.
Once the time evolution of expansion factor R(t) is known, the density and pressure and in turn the Magneto fluid-like fields determine how the expansion proceeds in Cosmological time t of the Fluid Universe.
The Eq.16 given above would be thus helpful to gain an insight into the closed loop logic [ 5 ] of the Field Equations and also to understand the dynamic Equation that involves the second derivative of the expansion factor. The initial value equation i.e. he Energy Equation asserts regarding the Cosmological Fluid Universe Model envisaged and apparently which is a Field Dominated Universe.
MAGNETOFLUID-LIKE FIELD STRENGTHS:
The idea of point source or the existence of a condensation centre of the magneto fluid filled Universes seems to be centric with certain kind of static solutions.
The constant gm is usually interpreted as the magnetic field pole strength of the Condensation centre of a magnetic fluid. I retained this concept partly in the present model of FLUID UNIVERSE considerations but with the caution that the surrounding Universe is not a smoothed out version by the “ambient” perfect fluid.
This is so since although the centre of condensation of the magneto fluid-like fields occurs through the vanishing of the strength gm, the affects of gad would persist. This outweighs the present day believes of a collapse to a central condensation region of a Universe or as a matter of fact Collapse leading to formation of a Black Hole or Super massive Black Holes etc.
It may be remarked that the constant gad occurring in the Fluid Universe Model line element is similar to the one given by Nordstrom-Jeffery solution for gravitational field of an electron. This is somewhat surprising. A similar constant according to Das [7] cited already above implies the gad type of magnetic pole strength of a point source at r=0.
The relative mass of a test particle depends therefore as well on the additional magneto fluid-like field pole strength gad. [8, 9, 10]
Discussion:
In the co-moving frame of reference the time of collapse τ is of the same order of magnitude as the time required for the free fall of a particle in a field. The present study hints that presence of an additional Magneto Fluid-like field inside the collapsing entity that would give rise to possible certain belts or rings consisting of the Relativistic and non-relativistic particles. These rings (belts) would be the immense source of EM waves in radio, optical and X-ray regions of the spectrum. The total energy of particles contained in these rings (belts) may be comparable to the Magneto Fluid –like fields of energy of order 10E+56 ergs or more by several orders of magnitude. Whether these rings (belts) be regarded as magnetic fluid-like rings is an open problem. Best example, in this context, of course may be those occurring in Crab Nebula of the supernovae 1054(or in the region of Novae star termed Rao star)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The author is deeply indebted to Professor K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras).D.Sc.(London) who inspired me for research work and provided me constant guidance and encouragement. He also presented me with several books in the subjects of Theoretical Physics and Mathematical Physics.
REFERENCES:
1.A.H.Taub Phys.Rev D Vol.103,p.1454 (1971)
2.P.Yodzis Phys.Rev D vol.3 No.12, p.2941 (1971)and Padmanabhan. T. Roy Choudhury T Mon.Not.R.Astronomy Soc astroph/10212573(2003)
3.Andre Lichernowicz Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Magneto Hydrodynamics, Benjamin Inc. NY,1967
4.L.C.McVitte General Relativity and Cosmology, Chapman and Hill Ltd, London, p.140, 1965.
5.C.W.Misner, K.S.Thorne, J.A.Wheeler Gravitation, W.H.Freeman & Co. pages 566,72 (1970)
6.W. Israel, Differential Forms in General Relativity
Dublin Adv.Studies series A No.19 (1970)
7.A.Das, Prog.Theor.Phys Vol.24, p.915 (1960).
8. The negative mass shells were first encountered by M.M.May and R.H.White Phys Rev.141, p.1232 (1966) the negative mass was used by the present author to observe the Rao Stars (a publication made at this blogger and reported to Ind.Sci.Cong. held at Andhra University in 2008) see also M.E.Cahill and G.C. McVittie J.Math.Phys.vol.11, No.4 p.1382, 1970.
9.A. Ray Chaudhuri Relativistic Cosmology Phy.Rev Vol.98, p.1123 and GFR Ellis Relativistic Cosmology Ed by RKSachs, AP, NY. Also T.G.W.Misner Astro J.,vol.151,Feb p.431,(1965)
10.Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana, Ind. Sci.Cong, Session X Ref.paper No.33,page 23,2008 Andhra University.
Tuesday, December 23, 2008
Applications of Radio-Isotopes in Agriculture by B S Sastry
trusciencetrutechnology Vol.2008, No.12 Dated 20th Dec 2008
Adjoining Photo of late Prof K.Rangadhama Rao
D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London) of Andhra University, Waltair
Applications of Radio-Isotopes in Agriculture:
By
Dr.B.S.Sastry,
Jt.Secretary Gandhi Center, Dwaraka nagar,Visakhapatnam
Phone No.0891-2505134
By
Dr.B.S.Sastry,
Jt.Secretary Gandhi Center, Dwaraka nagar,Visakhapatnam
Phone No.0891-2505134
1 Gamma Irradiation brings mutation in Seeds this helps.
a. In improving Quality of Seeds
b. makes seeds resistant to several harmful diseases
c. Brings out better yield in Crops.
2. Gamma irradiation of stored foods enhances the self-life.
a. In improving Quality of Seeds
b. makes seeds resistant to several harmful diseases
c. Brings out better yield in Crops.
2. Gamma irradiation of stored foods enhances the self-life.
However this irradiation by Gamma Rays will not make the products radioactive as it will not change the Chemical Element.
3. Radioisotopes can be used:
to study mobility characteristics of fertilizers in soil and uptake of materials in plants.3. Radioisotopes can be used:
Also radio-tracers are helpful to get a clear understanding of flow of micronutrients
PROJECTS AND DEVELOPMENT INDIA Ltd.
Service Years 1967-1996 (centric PSU) with about 400 Gadgets:
Sindhri R & D laboratories and
Hindusthan Fertilizer Corporation Ltd.
Agricultural Wing jointly developed facilities for the above studies both at the levels of laboratory and extended fields.
The facilities included:
A. Spot irradiation Chamber,(Gamma Chamber) containing 2500 Ci Cobalt-60
B. Extended field irradiation facility to plants & crops in an area of 8 acres, known as Gamma-Garden with 1000 Ci cobalt-60 specialized.
C). Radio-Tracer Lab having Glove Boxes, Beta, Gamma Chamber Facilities also are used by Agricultural Wing(PUSA) at Rajendhra Nagar Agricultural College, Bihar:
RESULTS ACHIEVED:
Changes of inferior quality Ground nut seeds to a good quality an of higher yields types.
Quality changes in some Pulses & millets
Increase of Sugar content in Sugar Cane
Suitable plantations identification in various soils.
Economic application of Fertilizers & micronutrients for achieving high agricultural yields.
===================================================
Worked as a consultant:
to Bokaro Steel Ltd.,
Organized Radiation Safety Training Programs for Public Sector Organizations
Lab Types Specialized:
Type A: To handle 2500 Ci like BARC organizations.
Type B: upto 100 Ci (max)
Type: C: upto 1milli Ci
Walls design with Epoxy (plastic emulsions) paints to be used for the lab walls
Entry:
By protective clothes (in a change Room) with shoe carriers/Apron overcoats/ that are required essentially.
Studied all aspects mentioned in Proc of Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy during the years 1958-1962.
Design aspects:
Of Steel Plants alignment of Coke oven with push and quenching cars by using systems of Radioactive Sources.
==========================================================
Other Major and Minor Activities:
A. Formed a Northern Zone accreditation organization was approved by BARC and under Atomic Energy Department of PM Secretariat.
Organized joint ventures for a batch of 30/40 students at a time for about 5 to 6 courses.
B. Was present and Showed Homi J .Bhabha the authors work on Beta and Gamma Spectrometers Siegbahn-Slatis laboratory established at Nuclear Research Centre of Andhra University Colleges, the photos of his visit were published in local Telugu Daily Newspaper during the1960s decade.
C. Advisory Member Environmental Monitoring Committee, Visakhapatnam Port Trust.
D. Consultant to Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board zone office of Visakhapatnam
The author of the above article ( a student of 1958 B.Sc. Physics(Hons) course at Andhra University,Waltair) sought a photograph( displayed below) of late professor K.Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London) who was Professor Manne Siegbhan labs of University of Uppsala, Sweden.
=============================================================
Saturday, December 13, 2008
Nexus for Science & Technology and Transfer of Technology
trusciencetrutechnology Research forum Meeting
held on 7th December 2008 at B-2, 1st Floor, Dolphin Apts, Naroji Road, Visakhapatnam -530002.
Presentation entitled,
Nexus for Science and Technology and Transfer of Technology.
By
D.N.Sinha A.I.I.I ., F.I.E, F.I.V., M.B.A
Qualified Auditor, ISO-14000-EARA Recognised-UK
ISO-9000 IRCA-UK
Charetered Enggm &Regd Valuer,
Competent Eng(Safety) under CCE Nagpur, Loss Assessor
What for the Research being done?
Societal Application of Science & Technology through Research and Development including nexus between Technology Transfer and Development.
1. For Transfer of Technology
2. For use of Society.
3 Space Research
4 Remote sensing
5. Ocean development
6. Earth & atmosphere
7. Biotechnology &Energy
8. Rural development.
(Stress on self-reliance, indigenous products and development of life of women folk [to avoid of smoke etc])
What is the Spin –offs of Research and Development being carried out.
a. Role of Scientist in the Society
b. Spirit of Science & Scientific Temper
c. What are the barriers (spiritual, political, different vedikas. etc?)
d. Improper Scientific Temper
e. Evolution of Science Ancient Times
f. Marine Research and capacity building [skills of individuals increase of skilled man power]
g. Science and Faith (witch craft in rural areas, revolutionary changes
India can be a totally developed if rural, tribal and urban slum dwellers develop faith in Science & Technology.
9. What is Technology Mission?
Full details in a later blogpost.
Contact Author E:Mail ID: sinha1931@hotmail.com
Model Design and Making
Model Design and Making
Shri C.Venkata Ramaiah,
45-46-15/1, Abid Nagar , Visakhapatnam
Mobile No.9490671675
Land Line: 0891 2711922
Shri C.Venkata Ramaiah,
45-46-15/1, Abid Nagar , Visakhapatnam
Mobile No.9490671675
Land Line: 0891 2711922
I have vast experience of several years in Model Building and Design. I have worked as an Instructor
at BRAVES Ind.Train.Centre, from 1992 to 2003 and Now am working with the office of BRAVES,
upstairs of Subhiksha Shop,Near Saibaba Temple, Akkayapalem Main Road, with The BRAVES.
Following are some pictures of Models Built by me.Those interested may contact me for appraisal and job works.Am a free lancer and knows very little English.Am a Telugu speaking person.Am thankful Prof.K.Lakshmi Narayana, for his interest in me and to promote me professionally with my technical skills.I gave this material for his Blogspot publication on the 12th Friday December 2008 at the BRAVES when he came to attend the Telugu Sahiti Vedic meeting at our Seminar Hall.
Bench Grinding Machine, Machine Vice, Drilling Machine, Hand Boring, Water mini pump (12V),Pipe Vice
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