A NEW THEORY OF INTERPLAY OF RAO AND ANTI-RAO WITH GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS

trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com Vol.2010, Issue No.3, Dt: 01 March 2010: 10:12:04 AM
A new theory of interplay of Rao and Anti-Rao quanta with the gravitational fields
by Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
(Retd.Prof.ofPhysics, Shivaji University), 17-11-10, Official Colony, Maharanipeta.P.O, Visakhapatnam-530002. Mobile: 9491902867: Email ID: Kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT:

A new theory of interplay of Rao and Anti Rao quanta with the gravitational fields has been formulated and modelled within the frame work of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. These quanta of ubiquitous occurrence in the universe are not massless but could as well exist with certain effective charge. The non-vanishing Ricci tensor has been utilized to arrive at the possible mass range of these quanta. This tensor yielded two sets of the rao and the antirao quanta masses ±2.85 & ±0.65 that justify their physical existence as massive quanta of both positive and negative energy. This is unlike the Dirac Sea of negative energy since we have both r and t variables to obtain the variable that portraits the mass magnitude. The non-vanishing diagonal components of Einstein Equations of General Relativity exhibit the pressure and the density features of the fluid of these quanta. A constraint has been made use of to simplify the only non-vanishing non-diagonal component of the Einstein Tensor to obtain an expression for a charge-like quantity as a function of the variables wt, r and t. The time dependent charge expression is a noteworthy departure from the static charge characteristic of Reissner-Nordstrom metric.

Keywords: Cosmology, Cylindrical symmetry, Time renormalization, Rao and anti-Rao quanta, mass values, General Theory of Relativity, Einstein Equations, Applied Mathematics, Relativity Physics, and Astrophysics.

INTRODUCTION:

The standard method of approach of considering the Ghost neutrinos in General Relativity [1] and consideration of interaction of neutrinos with gravitational fields [2] employs the massless neutrinos. They considered the mathematics of spin in curved space [3] and [4] also electron pairs creation studied, by earlier researchers [5] telltale sign at possible of generation of gravitational fields by neutrinos and the response of neutrinos to gravitational fields. Wheeler[2] went to the extent of suggesting the existence of a Geon, a physical entity entirely made up of neutrinos held by gravitational attractions.

The alternative explanation [6] of the Stokes and anti-Stokes shift of spectral lines (and Smekal spectroscopy observation of shifts) by Rao and Anti-Rao quanta is feasible. The exciting possibility for neutrino physics and astrophysics is the possibility of formation of a muon-like entity by means of the following association: μ_R ^-==>R ^- + antineutrino electron + neutrinorao with obviously the other possibility of association with R ⁺ of neutrino positron and the antineutrinorao giving μ_R ⁺ . The solar wind stream of energetic protons of energies 10GeV would definitely loosen the Rao and the Anti-Rao quanta within these crystalline and chemically bound structured Mars material. The X-irradiation, Ultra-violet and extream UV radiations of the mineral material of the surface of Moon and the Mars does indeed produce these new variety of fermion entities. The specific charge is very small (could it be fractional?) and masses involved are of the order of neutrino masses![7-9]. The X-Ray scattering broadening and the brightness features of the Earth’s terrestrial atmosphere and the ionosphere would have existed bathed with these quanta excited molecular structures. [7 to 9].

This has provided an excellent background to formulate a new theory of interplay of Rao and Anti Rao quanta with the gravitational fields. The difference being that no longer these quanta of essentially ubiquitous occurrence in the universe are not massless but could as well exist with certain effective charge. They in my model formulation participate with the protons or other Baryons to account for the density of the universe. Do they extend beyond the realm of the Big Bang or the Inflationary theory of origin of the universe is an open question, a subject matter for my next blogposts.

Under the title “Tunneling to the beginning of time” it’s reported in literature that “The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) is an international project, in which the UK has a leading role. Particles of light (known as photons) have no mass. Matter particles (such as electrons and quarks) do – and we’re not sure why. British physicist, Peter Higgs, proposed the existence of a field (the Higg’s Field), which pervades the entire Universe and interacts with some particles and this gives them mass. If the theory is right then the field should reveal itself as a particle (the Higg’s particle). The Higg’s particle is too heavy to be made in existing accelerators, but the high energies of the LHC should enable us to produce and detect it.” Also where is the antimatter? ask the leaders of the LHC project: They assert that the ” The Big Bang created equal amounts of matter and antimatter, but we only see matter now. What happened to the antimatter? Every fundamental matter particle has an antimatter partner with equal but opposite properties such as electric charge (for example, the negative electron has a positive antimatter partner called the positron). Equal amounts of matter and antimatter were created in the Big Bang, but antimatter then disappeared. So what happened to it? Experiments have already shown that some matter particles decay at different rates from their anti-particles, which could explain this. One of the LHC experiments will study these subtle differences between matter and antimatter particles.”

I am thankful to Dr. K. V. N. Rao of Bedford (Mass), USA who has drawn my attention, in an email, to the published report on the internet "We thought a new astronomy had been born: charged particle astronomy," says Charles Dermer, a cosmic-ray astrophysicist at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC. As the team reports in a paper accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters The Pierre Auger Collaboration, preprint that they are seeing small air showers that are indicative of iron nuclei, rather than the larger showers that point to protons. Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays made of iron nuclei would be harder to explain because such nuclei are less common than protons and are more likely to be broken down by the violent mechanisms thought to accelerate cosmic rays.

Whatever the gigantic experiments establish the time test validity of many cosmological theories of disappearing Black holes and the Dark Matter & the Dark Energy etc. it is the present author’s contention that the scope remains for the inquiring human mind to model new versions of the theory of General Relativity first proposed by Einstein.

THE PRESENT FORMULATION AND THE MODEL UNIVERSE:

The field equations of gravitation for the specific metric chosen [10] to enunciate the newly envisaged universe have been adopted as those given by Einstein but with the Energy-Momentum tensor for the Spinor Rao and anti-Rao quanta. The ψ for the description of the rao and antirao quanta has a non-vanishing expression given by γj ψ; j ≠ 0. An aim of the present work is to obtain the mass of the rao and antirao quanta from the non-vanishing Ricci expression of the universe described by the metric given by me [10].

The metric chosen yields the Einstein Tensor non-vanishing diagonal components in terms of the variables wt, r and t as

--------------------------(1)

--------------------------(2)

--------------------------(3)

The non-vanishing diagonal components of Einstein Equations of General Relativity exhibit the pressure and the density features of the fluid of these quanta. A constraint has been made use of to simplify the only non-vanishing non-diagonal component of the Einstein Tensor to obtain an expression for a charge-like quantity as a function of the variables wt, r and t. The time dependent charge expression is a noteworthy departure from the static charge characteristic of Reissner-Nordstrom metric.

The Equation of State:

The Equation of State formulated for the new universe enunciated in this research investigation is given below which, is akin to VOP equation but discernibly distinct from it:

The Equation of State solution is graphically illustrated below as KLNeq11 function with the dependence on the three variables of the model Viz., wt, r and t.




We need the kappa2p=2* Κ*p , which involves Κ = 8*π*G/c^4 chosen as unity in terms of Newton’s G and p is the pressure of the fluid. The thought of the fluid is more appropriate in view that the rao and antirao quanta have negligible mass and endowed with effective charges of extremely small values.
The geometrical Ricci tensor may be used to obtain the mass of these quanta. In terms of the units adopted we get the mass magnitudes as 2.87 and 0.65 for both the sets of the values r= -1, t=1 and r=-1, t=-1. Like the Dirac Sea of negative energy we also got negative masses -2.87 and -0.65 for both the sets of the values r=1, t=1 and r=1, t=-1. The obtained values justify remarkably the consideration of rao and antirao quanta existence.
The geometrical Ricci tensor solution has been given illustrated in the figure below in a 3D-Graph of variables wt, r and t.

The model has obviously projected the competing role of both the variables r and t to ascertain the magnitudes of the variable wt. This is a significant departure from the conventional view of negative sea of electrons/protons envisaged by P. A. M. Dirac in his New formulation of Quantum mechanics.

RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS:

A model of universe characterized by a metric with cylindrical symmetry geometry endowed with the time renormalization allows the interplay of rao and antirao quanta interaction with the gravitational fields. The geometrical Ricci tensor may be used to obtain the mass of theses quanta. This tensor yielded two sets of masses ±2.85 & ±0.65 for the rao and the antirao quanta justifying their physical existence as massive quanta of both positive and negative energy. This is unlike the Dirac Sea of negative energy since we have both r and t variables to obtain the entity wt. The non-vanishing diagonal components of Einstein Equations of General Relativity exhibit the pressure and the density features of the fluid of these quanta. A constraint has been made use of to simplify the only non-vanishing non-diagonal component of the Einstein Tensor to obtain an expression for a charge-like quantity as a function of the variables wt, r and t. The time dependent charge expression is a noteworthy departure from the static charge characteristic of Reissner-Nordstrom metric.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

The author is deeply indebted to late Professor K. Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras).D.Sc.(London) for the opportunity provided to work on the Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling constants at his laboratories in Andhra University, Waltair during the years 1960-1964 and again to work on Microwaves in 1965-1966. The school of The Professor achieved those Golden Days the International recognition. I was able to comprehend at his laboratories the significance of the Spectroscopy, Properties of Matter and Modern Physics concepts at research and fundamental level of both experimental and theoretical investigations.

REFERENCES:

1. T.M.Davies and J.R.Ray, Phys.Rev. Vol.D9, No.2, p.331-333,15th January 1974 and
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com Vol.2009, No.7, Wednesday, 15 July 2009: 11:25:45 PM
On the nature and possible existence of Collapsing Gravitational Superconducting Currents of a Cosmic Entity and the generation of Bilinear Physical Entities of Ghost Fields. by Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
2. D.R.Brill and J.A.Wheeler, Rev.Mod.Phys.Vol.29, No.3, p.465-479, July 1957
3. F.J.Belinfante, Physica, Vol.7, p.305, 1940
4. G. Gamow & M. Schoenberg, Phys.Rev. Vol.59, p.539, 1941
5. G. Breit & J. A. Wheeler, Phys.Rev.Vol.46, p.1087, 1934)
6. trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com Volume 2010, Issue No.1,Dt.27/01/2010 10:02:59
Weather pattern at Visakhapatnam during 17th to 27th January 2010 by Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana.
7. K. L. Narayana, et al. Papers Nos B7, p.19; No. B8, p.19; No.B9, p.20; No.A20; No. D1, p.51; presented at Symposium on Luminescence and Allied Phenomena, Ind.Inst.Of Tech., Khargpur 1973. X-ray dosimeters development using the binary sulphate phosphors has also been specified.
8. K. L. Narayana et al.” Thermoluminescence of rare-earth activated (Ba: Sr)SO4 and (Ba: Cd) SO4 under X=irradiation”, Paper No. B14, p.119-129National Symposium on Thermoluminiscence and its Applications, Kalpakam Nuclear Research centre, Madras, Feb 1975
9. K. L. Narayana et al.””Optical micrographs and X-ray diffraction study of thin films of Al-Zr alloys”, 6th Materials Science Symposium on Phase transitions and Phase equilibria”, Paper No.37, Ind.Inst of Sci., Bangalore, October 17th, 1975. Also see Paper No. 38.
10. a). trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com Vol.2009, Issue No. 12, Dated 31st December 2009 9:02:06 PM "A PARTICLE CONSTRAINED TO MOVE ON A CONE UNDER A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD AND THE RENORMALIZATION PROCESS FOR THE TIME DEPENDENCE" By Professor Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana.
b).The Pierre Auger Collaboration, preprint http://arxiv.org/abs/1002.0699 2010

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