December 1, 2017:

trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com   

Volume 2017, Issue No.12,  Dated: 1 to 15 December 2017,  Time:00:49:47 AM

December 1, 2017: Earthquake in Tibet, water shortage in Guwahati, A Christmas miracle, Dust grains from Geminid, Lightning New find, Battery car service at Mata Vaishno Devi, 

               Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,

M.Sc. (Math. Phys), M.Sc. (Nucl. Phys), Ph. D. (AU), Int. Edu & Res. (Sweden 1964-65) 

      While returning from Sweden, spent few days in England, Paris, Egypt and etc.
Visited USA about 12 Universities, several National Laboratories and Institutes 

during four months Sept.to December 1988.

In 1989 visited Japan, and South Korea.

 [Retd. Prof of Physics; Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004]

Residential Address: 17- 11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony,

      Maharanipeta. P. O., Visakhapatnam-530002, A.P. Mobile: 09491902867.

       kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com; DOB:23-07-1940.

lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com

                                                               ABSTRACT

Saturday, Dec. 2, and Virga's vehicle dash cam recorded the dazzling sight. The fireball  was a bolide, a meteor that explodes in a brilliant flash as it plunges through Earth's atmosphere. Dec. 3, 2017: Researchers at IIT Hyderabad developed a cheaper, low-energy, and green way of recycling polystyrene and low-density Styrofoam using orange peel extract.  Dec. 5, 2017: Amateur explorers have discovered a network of 15,000-year-old caves underneath a Canadian city. The passageway, which is at least 200 metres long (660ft), was formed during the last ice age underneath what is now the city of Montreal. Thursday 6 and 7 Dec. 2017 several earth tremors Rudraprayaga and the epicentre of another earthquake was J-K-Xingjian border, at 4.59 am. 9 Dec 2017: The residents of  Guwahati are facing an acute shortage of drinking water, as the problem due to the contamination due to the recent earthquake in Tibet.  The locals say they never saw the river so dirty in winter. The Siang in Arunachala Pradesh, originates from Yarlung Tsangpo in China, and a major tributary of Brahmaputra, which also turned muddy.  'A Christmas miracle': heavy snow falls in southern Texas for first time in years: Lightning New find: 11 Dec. 2017: The first burst was from the lightning strike. The second afterglow, for example, was caused by lightning reacting with nitrogen in the atmosphere. The gamma rays emitted in lightning have enough energy to knock a neutron out of atmospheric nitrogen, and it was the reabsorption of this neutron by particles in the atmosphere that produced the gamma-ray afterglow. The final, prolonged emission was from the breakdown of now neutron-poor and unstable nitrogen atoms. These released positrons, which subsequently collided with electrons in annihilation events releasing gamma rays. Dust grains from Geminid meteor fell on earth during 13-14 Dec. 2017 can be seen till 17. The rain and snowfall disrupted normal life in Himachal and about 20 roads including link roads were closed in Rohroo and Rampur areas in Shimla district. London:  Geologists exploring volcanic rocks on Scotland's Isle of Skye have found ejecta from a previously unknown, 60 million-year-old meteorite impact.It contained rare minerals straight from outer space: vanadium-rich and niobium-rich osbornite. 

DETAILS   

       Nov 30, 2017: Major storm hits Sri Lanka, on Thursday, that killed seven people five others missing and 20,000 people displaced with the troops helping the stricken people.      

    Heavy flooding occurred in southern Thai, district Songkhia on Thursday, five persons died and forcing people to use boats for communication.

     Dec 01, 2017: Kanyakumari/Chennai:  Cyclone Ockhi intensified into a severe cyclonic storm and moved to the Arabian Sea today after causing heavy rain that has left at least nine people dead in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The Navy rescued eight fishermen stranded off Kerala and looked for scores still missing. Cyclone Ockhi is heading towards Lakshadweep and is likely to intensify in the next 24 hours, triggering a "red warning" - the highest category alert. The worst seems to be over in the mainland and that the cyclone has moved away from Kanyakumari and Thiruvananthapuram. But forecasters have warned of heavy rain in south Kerala and south Tamil Nadu.

            Dec 01, 2017 10:09 IST: Quake of magnitude 6.0 hit Iran:  Tehran [Iran]: A strong earthquake of magnitude 6.0 struck jolted South-eastern Iran near the city of Kerman on Friday, As per report, the earthquake struck at a shallow depth of 10 km (6.2 miles), some 60 km (37 miles) from the city of  Kerman, which has a population of over 800,000, including suburbs.

Dec 01, 2017 10:05 AM IST : 6.0-magnitude quake hits off Papua New Guinea: The quake hit at a depth of 52 km about 59.1 km from the nearest town of Finschhafen in Morobe province. The quake struck within three kilometres of the shoreline, with the potential for damage up to 45 kilometres away. Magnitude 6.0 is reasonable in its shaking, so you do have high-energy shaking in the local areas that can cause some issues. 

Dec 2, 2017: 8 hrs ago: Sanremo tornado: Huge waterspout forms off Italian coast. It was spotted off the coast of Sanremo and moved inland as a tornado, causing damage in the city.

The fireball streaked across the early-morning sky at 3:09 a.m. EST (0809 GMT) on Saturday, Dec. 2, and Virga's vehicle dash cam recorded the dazzling sight. The fireball  was a bolide, a meteor that explodes in a brilliant flash as it plunges through Earth's atmosphere. 

• From

Colombo, Dec 2 2017, 13:59 IST: India, Sri Lanka cyclone death toll rises to 26. Thousands took to relief camps in Sri Lanka and southern India on Saturday to escape rising floodwaters after a cyclone killed at least 26 people. Cyclone Ockhi has left 13 people dead in Sri Lanka and killed an equal number in India's Kerala and Tamil Nadu states since Friday as it churns in the Arabian Sea. Eleven people, mostly fishermen, remained missing in the two countries as nearly 9,000 people sought shelter in relief camps. Scores of localities suffered flooding and cut power and telephone lines as winds of up to 130 kilometres (80 miles) per hour swept the region. Weather experts warned of more heavy rains to come, as the water level rose in several rivers in southern India. The tiny Indian island of Lakshadweep off the country's western coast braced for winds of 145 km (90 miles) per hour.

Dec. 3, 2017: Researchers at IIT Hyderabad developed a cheaper, low-energy, and green way of recycling polystyrene and low-density Styrofoam using orange peel extract. The fruit extract can be obtained by squeezing the orange peels. Presented at WHF 2017 and won a gold medal.

Dec 3, 2017 20:34: QUITO, Ecuador, 2 hrs ago: An earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 6.0 has struck near the coast of Ecuador. The epicentre is about 20 km (12.5 miles) from Bahia de Caraquez. The quake, which had a depth of 24 km (about 15 miles), happened at around 1120 GMT (6:20 a.m. EST) Sunday. Bahia de Caraquez is about 360 km (220 miles) west of Ecuador's capital, Quito

Dec 03, 2017 20:36 IST: Last night, Srinagar - the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir - recorded the minimum temperature of minus 2.0 down 0.5 degrees from the previous night. Gulmarg in north Kashmir recorded a low of minus 2.0C and the mercury in Qazigund in south Kashmir settled at a low of minus 2.2C same as the previous night. Kokernag town, also in south Kashmir, recorded a low of minus 1.3C  slightly down from minus 1.1C on Saturday. Kupwara town in north Kashmir registered a low of minus 2.4C down from the previous night’s minus 2.0C. The other famous health resort of Pahalgam, which serves as one of the base camps for the annual Amarnath Yatra, registered an increase of nearly a degree in the night temperature as the minimum there settled at minus 1.8C Leh continued to be the coldest recorded place in Jammu and Kashmir, with a low of minus 8.6C though a slight increase from the previous night’s minus 8.7C. The nearby Kargil town also witnessed a slight increase in the night temperature as the mercury there settled at minus 7.2 C compared to minus 7.6 C the previous night.

4 Dec. 2017:                                                                

                                  

Fig.1 The Visakhapatnam Sagar Nagar 

Bach receded.    

 Ocean Moved Backwards into the Sea: On Sunday 3 Dec 2017, the Sagaranagar sea has moved backwards sufficiently far from the shore. Also the  Rushikonda beach has moved backwards giving lot of open space for the people around the beach. Due to cyclone in Tamil Nadu covering the beaches extensively and moved forward. People are bewildered due to the peculiar beach shore phenomenon.

5 Dec. 2017: Air Pollution Globally: An European satellite tracking the levels of air pollution around the world has beamed back Earth's atmosphere, including images of pollution drifting away from power plants, in India. It runs from north of Patna in Bihar to south of Raipur in Chhattisgarh. The Sentinel-5P satellite makes daily global maps of the gases and particles that pollute the air.

5 Dec. 2017: Amateur explorers have discovered a network of 15,000-year-old caves underneath a Canadian city. The passageway, which is at least 200 metres long (660ft), was formed during the last ice age underneath what is now the city of Montreal.

Dec 05, 2017 13:27 IST: Cyclone Ockhi has travelled almost 4000 nautical miles after originating in the Gulf of Thailand and has had an unusually long life. After devastating parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Lakshwadeep islands, cyclone Ockhi is barrelling towards Gujarat and Maharashtra and is set to make landfall north of Surat around midnight Tuesday, two weeks after it originated as a low pressure area in the Gulf of Thailand.
5 Dec. 2017: Maharashtra closed down schools and colleges, including those in Mumbai and adjoining areas, in the wake of forecast of rain triggered by Cyclone Ockhi on Tuesday. The storm that left behind a trail of destruction in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Lakshadweep was expected to make landfall in Gujarat on Tuesday night, causing heavy rains in the state and adjoining Maharashtra. Home ministry said that Cyclone Ockhi was not expected to have high impact in Gujarat which is geared “for the worst situation” caused by the landfall of the disaster. The cyclone is expected to hit the state’s coastal areas in Surat city on Tuesday midnight.
6 Dec. 2017: 

Fig.2  AAdgPsHegypt hieroglyphics

Egyptian ancient writing possibly indicating the space travel!

December 06, 2017 13:10 IST: Being able to measure the mass and density of K2-18b was tremendous, but to discover a new exoplanet was lucky and equally exciting.  Toronto:  Researchers have found that a little known exoplanet orbiting a red dwarf star located about 111 light years away in the constellation Leo could have a rocky surface and a small gaseous atmosphere -- like Earth. The exoplanet, called K2-18b, which orbits the star K2-18, could well be a scaled-up version of Earth, according to the study to be published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. While looking at the planet's data, the same researchers also discovered for the first time that the planet has a neighbor.

6 Dec. 2017: Rainbow Record breaking: A nine-hour rainbow appeared in the Taiwanese capital of Taipei, on Tuesday, 5 Dec. 2017. 

Fig.3 Rainbow Dec. 4/5 Taiwanese

Previous record for the longest lasting rainbow was on March 14, 1994 that lasted six hours. The rainbow clocked for eight hours and 58 minutes around Taiwanese capital of Taipei.

December 06, 2017 21:27 IST: 5.5-magnitude earthquake hits Rudraprayag, tremors in north India. With its epicentre in Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand, registered tremors as far away as Delhi, at around 8.49 p.m on Wednesday. People in Delhi saw wall hangings tremble but the shaking was also barely perceptible to several. The earthquake registered a depth of nearly 30 km.

Dec 07, 2017 08:30 IST: 5.4 magnitude earthquake jolts Jammu and Kashmir. The epicentre of the earthquake was J-K-Xingjian border, at 4.59 am today (Thursday) no reports of casualty or damage so far. and its coordinates are latitude 35.5 degrees north and longitude 77.6 degrees east.7 Dec 2017:   Astronomers have discovered the most distant "supermassive" black hole known to science. The matter-munching sinkhole is a whopping 13 billion light-years away, so far that we see it as it was a mere 690 million years after the Big Bang. But at about 800 million times the mass of our Sun, it managed to grow to a surprisingly large size such a short time after the origin of the Universe.

Thursday; 7 Dec 2017: The 434 km-long Srinagar-Leh highway has been closed due to continuous heavy snowfall in the region for the past 24 hours. According to the ground reports, the road link that connects Ladakh region with Kashmir Valley remains blocked due to heavy snowfall in nearby areas. Approximately 3-4 inch of snow has accumulated at Meenamarg, Zojila and Srinagar-Leh road. A number of vehicles were also stranded in Zojilla. Moreover, the snowfall has made the road extremely slippery. 

Dec 07, 2017, 17:19 PM IST: NASA balloons to study rare cosmic particles. The instrument, called the Super Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (SuperTIGER), is designed to study rare heavy nuclei, which hold clues about where and how cosmic rays attain speeds up to nearly the speed of light.  

December 8, 2017 1:03 AM IST: IMD Predicts Heavy Rainfall in Odisha, West Bengal; Cyclone Ockhi Travelling Towards Andhra Pradesh.

The team studied non-doped crystals of the oft-analyzed transition metal dichalcogenide titanium diselenide (1T-TiSe2) and reproduced their surprising results five times on different cleaved crystals. Excitonium is a condensate - it exhibits macroscopic quantum phenomena, like a superconductor. It is made up of excitons, particles that are formed in a very strange quantum mechanical pairing, namely that of an escaped electron and the hole it left behind. It defies reason, but it turns out that when an electron, seated at the edge of a crowded-with-electrons valence band in a semiconductor, gets excited and jumps over the energy gap to the otherwise empty conduction band, it leaves behind a "hole" in the valence band. That hole behaves as though it was a particle with positive charge, and it attracts the escaped electron. When the escaped electron with its negative charge, pairs up with the hole, the two remarkably form a composite particle, a boson — an exciton. In point of fact, the holes particle-like attributes are due to the collective behaviour of the surrounding crowd of electrons. However, that understanding makes the pairing no less strange and wonderful, researchers said. Until now, scientists have not had the experimental tools to positively distinguish whether what looked like excitonium was not in fact a Peierls phase. Peierls phases and exciton condensation share the same symmetry and similar observables. Researchers invented an electron-scattering technique to detect the exciton particles’ final result, excitonium. They started with a clean surface of the material in a vacuum, no air or anything else, and then scattering the electrons from its surface to make waves, like hitting the middle of a trampoline. The particular way the waves spread allowed them to detect those escaped electrons in their final form, excitonium. They call the technique momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy, or M-EELS. A paper explaining the discovery was published Journal of Science. In their experiments on non-doped  crystals of the transition metal dichalcogenide titanium diselenide (1T-TiSe2), the researchers were able to observe the material and its precursor soft plasmon phase, called “the smoking gun” that proves excitonium’s existence. The precursor phase emerges as the material approaches its critical temperature. The scientists reproduced their results 5 times on different cleaved crystals during the testing, adding more confidence to the study. “Signatures of exciton condensation in a transition metal dichalcogenide:” Anshul Kogar, et al.  Science  08 Dec 2017: Vol. 358, Issue 6368, pp.1314-1317.

Dec. 8, 2017: Modi pledged to bring power to 18,452 unelectrified villages within 1,000 days in his August 2015 Independence Day national address. As of Oct. 31, electricity had reached 15,218 or 82 percent of those villages. In Jammu and Kashmir, 100 out of 134 villages, encompassing 270,000 households, lacking electricity were still waiting to be connected.

TIBET EARTHQUAKE: 9 Dec. 2017: The residents of Guwahati are facing an acute shortage of drinking water, as the problem due to the contamination due to the recent earthquake in Tibet.  The locals say they never saw the river so dirty in winter. The Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, originates from Yarlung Tsangpo in China, and a major tributary of Brahmaputra,which also turned muddy. 

Saturday 9 December 2017 03.21 GMT: 'A Christmas miracle': heavy snow falls in southern Texas for first time in years: Frigid temperatures behind a cold front combined with moisture off the Gulf of Mexico brought snow and sleet to unusual places. Snowfall has blanketed parts of the Deep South, including southern Texas, delighting schoolchildren and knocking out power to thousands.

Dec. 10, 2017: MAGNETIC ENERGY AROUND BLACK HOLE: The long studied variable star system V404 Cygni is about 8,000 light years away, system has a large star and a black hole that secretes matter from it..But magnetic energy around the hole is lower than expected, resulting in a puzzle.

DARK MATTER: Primordial dark matter revealed, in one of the two galaxies, a halo with a mass of about hundred billion solar masses.  The star forming galaxies at a mere one billion years after the big bang, have revealed the existence of two extremely massive stars. Observations are both sensitive and and wide. 

10 Dec 2017: Heavy snow fell in many parts of the UK on Sunday as Storm Caroline, the biggest storm so far this year, caused widespread disruption with road and air travel severely affected. Central England and Wales were the worst hit regions witnessing up to 11 inches of snow in some places in just a few hours. Northern Ireland was also slammed.  Sleet and snow fell in central London as temperatures plummeted.

11 Dec 2017: TWO DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS: A slight mismatch between the hexagonal structures of molybdenum disulfide and tungsten diselenide creates a strain that can be released by the formation of a “5|7 dislocation,” in which two hexagons collapse to form a pentagon and a heptagon. Reactions with molybdenum disulfide in the environment cause the dislocation to move deeper into the tungsten diselenide, drawing a nanowire of molybdenum disulfide behind it. “Two-dimensional materials” — materials deposited in layers that are only a few atoms thick — are promising for both high-performance electronics and flexible, transparent electronics that could be layered onto physical surfaces to make computing ubiquitous.The best-known 2-D material is graphene, which is a form of carbon, but recently researchers have been investigating other 2-D materials, such as molybdenum disulfide, which have their own, distinct advantages.

Fig.4 Gamma Rays from lightning react with air

to produce radioisotopes and antimatter equivalent of electrons.

Researchers from Japan describe how gamma rays from lightning react with the air to produce radioisotopes and even positrons, the antimatter equivalent of electrons. We already knew that thunderclouds and lightning emit gamma rays, and hypothesized that they would react in some way with the nuclei of environmental elements in the atmosphere. February 2017, four detectors installed in Kashiwazaki city, Niigata recorded a large gamma-ray spike immediately after a lightning strike a few hundred meters away. The first burst was from the lightning strike. The second afterglow, for example, was caused by lightning reacting with nitrogen in the atmosphere. The gamma rays emitted in lightning have enough energy to knock a neutron out of atmospheric nitrogen, and it was the reabsorption of this neutron by particles in the atmosphere that produced the gamma-ray afterglow.The final, prolonged emission was from the breakdown of now neutron-poor and unstable nitrogen atoms. These released positrons, which subsequently collided with electrons in annihilation events releasing gamma rays.It was the moment the team realized they were seeing a new, hidden face of lightning.

Ramappa Temple:
                                                                                                                              Fig.5 Ramappa Temple.

                                                                                                                                                    Fig.6 The floating stone on water.
Recharla Rudrudu: Built in year 1179 to 1213 under Ganapathi Devudu Military commander Recharla Rudrudu. The uniqueness of the temple is that it was built on a 12-15 deep sand filled and on it they laid foundation. What one wonders is that this temple in 800 years time has not affected by earthquakes or other mishaps. Towards the east the temple on an elevated platform in the form of a star, and in the inside on all three sides entrance doors, and the Mahamandapam was built. Rangamandapam reflected sun light falls on in the Garbha Gudi. Floating bricks in water were used to build the temple. Elephant extract, Sawmill powder, mud, janapa'nara, Forest tree gums, were used.
Dec 11, 2017, 10:44 AM ET: TEHRAN, Iran Strong 6-magnitude quake rocks western Iran. Iranian state TV says a 6-magnitude earthquake has jolted a western region near the border with Iraq. There were no immediate reports of casualties or major damage from the temblor, which struck Monday near the site of a 7.2-magnitude quake. 
New Delhi, Dec 12: An American science channel on Tuesday claimed the ancient stories about the construction of a man-made bridge in Ramayana, also known as Ram Setu, between India and Sri Lanka could be true. In a promo, released on Tuesday, Discovery Communications-owned Science Channel said its explorers have found that bridge located in the international waters between India and Sri Lanka appears to be man-made. Ram Setu is a chain of limestone shoals between Pamban or Rameswaram Island off the south-eastern coast of Tamil Nadu, and Mannar Island on the north-western coast of Sri Lanka. The report also emphasised the stones used in bridge predates the sand beneath them. It added investigators have also found a line of rocks 30-miles-long. Are the ancient Hindu myths of a land bridge connecting India and Sri Lanka true? Scientific analysis suggests they are true.
Dec 11 to 15: 2017: Peer Ki Gali along the Mughal road, connecting Kashmir with the twin districts of Poonch and Rajouri, has been experiencing heavy snowfall since Monday. The road was closed on Sunday evening as a precautionary measure following a weather forecast that predicted moderate to heavy snowfall and rains in wide parts of Jammu and Kashmir from December 11 to 15. The inclement weather, which resulted in considerable drop in the day temperature, also led to the suspension of helicopter and battery car service at the famous Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine in Trikuta Mountains.
Dec 12, 2017. Manali gets season's first snow, more in HP till Wednesday.
Dec 13,  2017; 07:15 AM IST: Magnitude 6.2 quake hits south-eastern Iran: Eighteen people were wounded in the quake, which struck in the villages of Hejdak and Ravar in Kerman province.
Dec.13, 2017: 

13 Dec. 2017: Meteor and Dust Grains: If you're looking for a fantastic light show December 13-14, all you need to do is look up. The annual Geminid meteor shower is one of the most spectacular meteor showers of the year. This year is expected to be the best meteor shower ever. With August's Perseids obscured by bright moonlight, the Geminids will be the best shower of this year. The thin, waning crescent moon won't spoil the show. Most meteor showers are caused by comets. The Geminids are associated with an asteroid called the 3200 Phaethon. Having an asteroid as the foundation of a meteor shower provides an excellent source of dust grains that will burn up as they dive into the Earth's atmosphere. That's why some researchers call Phaethon a "rock comet.” The meteor shower was named after the constellation Gemini because many of the meteors appear to come from that constellation. 

13 Dec 207:  RAINFALL                                                    

Fig.7 Rohroo and Rampur areas in Shimla district.

The rain and snowfall disrupted normal life in Himachal and about 20 roads including link roads were closed in Rohroo and Rampur areas in Shimla district. 
4:20 AM, December 13, 2017: Updated: 8:44 AM, December 13, 2017: Winter Storm Warning today: 5-8 inches of snow expected in Metro Detroit Storm warning starts at 10 a.m. Wednesday.

Dec 13, 2017, 7:12 AM ET: Coldest air of season grips Northeast with bitter wind chills.

Manipur capital Imphal received the highest rainfall since 1956, recording 2,439.4mm in 2017 till December 13 or 68.71% above the state’s annual precipitation of 1446.3mm. Manipur has witnessed floods as many as five times within a period of five months since Cyclone Mora hit the state in May this year. So far, properties worth crores of rupees have been destroyed and at least 20 people have died.  The ski resort of Gulmarg recorded minus 9.8 C while Pahalgam, one of the base camps for the annual Amarnath Yatra, minus 6.5 degrees Celsius. The temperature at Leh was minus 8.5C and at Kargil minus 8C. Srinagar recorded a low of minus 1.5C s down from the previous night's minus 0.7C. In Himachal Pradesh, biting cold wave conditions swept the hills as minimum temperatures dropped in the state due to snowfall and rains. Keylong, Kalpa and Manali recorded minus 6.3C, minus 3C and 0C, respectively.
Snowfall occurred at Keylong and Bharmaur. The areas received 10 cm and 6 cm of snow, respectively. Naina Devi saw 16 mm of rains, followed by 10 mm in Sarkaghat and Baldwara; and 7 mm in Baijnath, Dharamsala and Jogindernagar.
14 Dec 2017: 

Fig.8  Glowing Plants:171214-glowing-plants-as-reading-lights-index: 

Imagine a plant that glows like a flashlight, letting you read in the dark without spending a penny on electricity. We could grow these plants everywhere, lighting up the night without burning fuel to do it. It’s a beautiful fantasy, and one group of MIT researchers wants to make it happen. The only problem: it’s probably not actually possible. A group of MIT researchers have managed to make some plant leaves glow by incorporating a firefly enzyme called luciferase. In fireflies, luciferase binds to another chemical called luciferin, which causes a reaction that emits light. The researchers figured out how to get the luciferase and luciferin into plant leaves, which then glow with a dim light. 

December 15, 2017 19:56 IST: LONDON:  Geologists exploring volcanic rocks on Scotland's Isle of Skye have found ejecta from a previously unknown, 60 million-year-old meteorite impact.I 60-Million-Year-Old Meteorite Strike Discovered In Scotland: Simon Drake, an associate lecturer in geology at Birkbeck University of London, zeroed in on a meter-thick layer at the base of a 60.0 million-year-old lava flow. However, when researchers analysed the rock using an electron microprobe, they discovered that it contained rare minerals straight from outer space: vanadium-rich and niobium-rich osbornite. These mineral forms have never been reported on Earth.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
     The author is deeply indebted to Late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc. (London) and expresses his gratitude to him for the inspiration and constant guidance provided during his research investigations. Special respects to my mother Mrs. Peramma Kotcherlakota (from 1904 DOB to DEMISE 1971 December 31 at 10 AM) an enigmatic lady, who completed S.S.L.C from Queen Mary's High School, Visakhapatnam, in year 1919. 
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