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Volume 2018, Issue No.2, Dated: 1 to 15 February 2018, Time:14:15:31 PM
Volume 2018, Issue No.2, Dated: 1 to 15 February 2018, Time:14:15:31 PM
February 1-15, 2018: Knotty Inductors, Magnetic field generated in Earth, Japanese MAGNETIC FIELD 6250G of Sun, A metal-gobbling bacteria, Rayalaseema having untimely rains, LED requires 8v, River Nile survive, WORLD OVER WATER CRISIS, Samos rain havoc in 60 odd years, Earthquake jolts Andaman Islands, An image of a single atom , Vijayawada engineering student gets Google Award.
Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
M.Sc. (Math. Phys.), M.Sc. (Nucl. Phys.), Ph. D. (AU), Int. Edu & Res. (Sweden 1964-65)
While returning from Sweden, spent few days in England, Paris, Egypt and etc. countries.
Visited USA about 12 Universities, several National Laboratories and Institutes
during four months Sept.to December 1988. and in 1989 visited Japan, and South Korea.
Residential Address: 17- 11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony,
Maharanipeta. P. O., Visakhapatnam-530002, A.P. Mobile: 09491902867.
kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com; DOB:23-07-1940.
lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com
The 810 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of mapping done vastly expands the area that was intensively occupied by the Maya, whose culture flourished between roughly 1,000 BC and 900 AD. Feb. 4, 2018: Knotty Inductors: Some substances expected to be insulators have been shown to conduct electricity under special conditions involving "KNOTTY" maths. In these durrent flows on the surface of the material in wavy, knotted loops that can be difficult to disrupt, enjoying what is called 'topological protection'. This makes the current flow unimpeded. Kargil town recorded a low of minus 15.5C down from yesterday’s minus 13C. Kargil continued to be the coldest recorded place in Jammu and Kashmir 5 Feb. 2018: Pre-Christian era artefacts unearthed in Odisha. Settlements could have been closer to the sea coast, also possibly around Prachi river and not known how it declined. 12 trenches were dug simultaneously. 7 Feb. 2018: Scientists believe the magnetic field is generated deep inside the Earth where the heat of the planet's solid inner core churns a liquid outer core of iron and nickel. The solid inner core is thought to be a mass of iron about the size of the moon that is heated to several thousand degrees Fahrenheit. Heat radiated by this inner core builds up at its boundary with Earth's liquid outer core, causing the fluid there to expand. When it expands it becomes a little less dense [and more] buoyant. So it starts to rise. That's convection. Hot fluid rises, then cools off and sinks again. The convection generates an electric current and, as a result, a magnetic field. Additional currents are created as Earth cools. Some of the molten iron solidifies onto the inner core, releasing lighter material in the process. The rotation of the Earth also generates forces that curve the flow of fluid as it rises, twisting the magnetic field. All of these currents constantly replenish the magnetic field, a maintenance process that prevents it from decaying. Typically each newly generated field lines up in the direction of the existing magnetic field. But every now and again, some force will cause the new field to line up in the opposite direction. This process can lead to a net weakening of Earth's magnetic field. A metal-gobbling bacteria manages to ingest toxic metallic compounds and still thrive, producing tiny gold nuggets as a side-effect. Feb. 7, 2018: Toronto: Only one type of virus in different parts of the World, occupying the troposphere, and travelling thousands of kilometres, are falling on the Earth. Every square meter about 800 million viruses, accumulating in the troposphere, falling down due to rains. 7 Feb. 2018: SUNSPOT MUTUAL MAGNETIC FIELD OF 6250G: Most powerful solar magnetic field measured by Japanese Astronomers, on the surface of the Sun. Feb. 8, 2018: Rayalaseema having untimely rains, Chittooru, Anantharam, Kadapa zillahs, on Wednesday. Next 24 hours in Rayalaseema and coastal areas would have rains. In Tirupati and Ananthapuram (Kadhiri) zillahs from 7:30PM for an hour non-stop heavy rain occurred. Several places around Tirupati. 11 Feb. 2018: Cape Town: In the drought-hit city, Friday night's 8mm (0.3 inches) was long-desired. The city has had low rainfall for three years. Zinc based framework used as the active layer in which electrons are recombined to produce white light. They caculated the energy levels and origin of photoluminescence emissions obtained, at 384nm, 468nm, and 570nm under UV excitation. Tthe LED requires 8v which is higher than commercially available LEDs. Feb 12, 2018, 02.30 AM IST: Hailstorm kills 2, damages crops in parts of state. Hailstorm over central parts of Maharashtra, Marathwada and parts of Vidarbha region claimed two lives and caused extensive damage to crops on Sunday. Jalna district resembled Kashmir. There are ice cubes everywhere. Feb 14, 2018: Mahashivratri: India Hindu people sought blessing of Lord Shiva. 15 Feb. 2018: An image of a single atom of the metal strontium suspended in electric fields has won the 2018 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council science photography competition. David Nadlinger‘s photo, Single Atom In An Ion Trap, was captured through the window of a vacuum chamber in an Oxford University laboratory, using an ordinary digital camera on a long exposure shot. Auroral sub storms are caused by global reconfiguration in the magnetosphere, which releases stored solar wind energy. 15 Feb. 2018: Vijayawada student gets reward from Google.
DETAILS
NEW DELHI – India's finance minister has announced a federal budget with a string of populist giveaways, from free cooking gas to a health plan for the poor, in an attempt to woo voters ahead of national elections next year.
Feb 1, 2018: LEGAZPI, Philippines – Lava flowing out a Philippine volcano has spread up to 3.6 km (2.2 miles) since it began intense eruptions more than two weeks ago. Streaks of red glowed atop the summit of Mount Mayon during a mild eruption Thursday morning as the moon set, hours after a blue moon and supermoon coincided with a lunar eclipse.The eruptions fed lava flows in two areas that already exceed 3 km (1.8 miles). The danger zone around Mayon extends 8 km (5 miles), though authorities have struggled to keep villagers from returning to check on their homes and farms.
02 Feb. 208: New Delhi: General David L Goldfein, Chief of Staff of US Air Force will fly on India's indigenous light combat aircraft, the Tejas, this morning, a special flight that will take off from the Jodhpur Air Force Station that signals the soaring ties between the two air forces. The top ranking US military officer had reached India on Thursday on an official visit to deepen relations.
3 Feb 2018: MAYA CIVILIZATION:
Sunday: Feb. 4, 2018: Knotty Inductors: Some substances expected to be insukators have been shown to conduct electricity under special conditions involving "KNOTTY" maths. In these durrent flows on the surface of the material in wavy, knotted loops that can be difficult to disrupt, enjoying what is called 'topological protection'. This makes the current flow unimpeded.
Odisha State: Pre-Christian era artefacts unearthed in Odisha. Settlements could have been closer to the sea coast, also possibly around Prachi river and not known how it declined. 12 trenches were dug simultaneously. Unearthed remnants of axe, adze, harpoons, cells, stylus made of bones, potteries with mark of paintingsdistrict , and thumbnails scrappers, chiselled from stones. A mound from Jlapur Village of Cuttack district revealed these artefacts of pre-christian era.
Feb 4, 2018: Kargil town recorded a low of minus 15.5C down from yesterday’s minus 13C. Kargil continued to be the coldest recorded place in Jammu and Kashmir
Feb.4, 2018: Earthquake measuring 6.1 on Richter scale strikes Taiwan Posted By: Vikas Published: Sunday, February 4, 2018, 20:56 [IST] Subscribe to Oneindia News An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter Scale struck off the coast of Hualien, Taiwan on Sunday. There were no immediate reports of damage, said reports. Several aftershocks were felt minutes after the main quake.
February 04, 2018 17:06 IST: One dead As Record Snowfall Hits Moscow: Russia's meteorological service said Moscow had seen more than half its average monthly snowfall in the space of 24 hours, with 43 centimetres (17 inches) blanketing the capital by Sunday morning.
Sunday: Feb. 4, 2018: Knotty Inductors: Some substances expected to be insulators have been shown to conduct electricity under special conditions involving "KNOTTY" maths. In these durrent flows on the surface of the material in wavy, knotted loops, that can be difficult to disrupt, enjoying what is called 'topological protection'. This makes the current flow unimpeded.
5 Feb. 2018: Pre-Christian era artefacts unearthed in Odisha. Settlements could have been closer to the sea coast, also possibly around Prachi river and not known how it declined. 12 trenches were dug simultaneously. Unearthed remnants of axe, adze, harpoons, cells, stylus made of bones, potteries with mark of paintings, and thumbnails scrappers, chiselled from stones. A mound from Jlapur Village of Cuttack district revealed these artefacts of pre-Christian era.
5 Feb.2018: Russia calls in army after 'snowfall of the century' in Moscow: More than a month’s worth of snow fell on Moscow within just 36 hours at the weekend as the temperature hovered below zero degrees Celsius, the biggest snowfall in the Russian capital.
07 Feb '18 04:37 AM: Taiwan Earthquake: Taipei: Two people were killed and more than 200 injured in a 6.4-magnitude earthquake which jolted waters near Taiwan's Hualien County at 11.50 p.m. on Tuesday. The epicentre was monitored at 24.13 degrees north latitude and 121.71 degrees east longitude, with a depth of 11 km..
7 Feb. 2018: Scientists believe the magnetic field is generated deep inside the Earth where the heat of the planet's solid inner core churns a liquid outer core of iron and nickel. The solid inner core is thought to be a mass of iron about the size of the moon that is heated to several thousand degrees Fahrenheit. Heat radiated by this inner core builds up at its boundary with Earth's liquid outer core, causing the fluid there to expand. "When it expands it becomes a little less dense [and more] buoyant. So it starts to rise. That's convection," Glatzmaier said. "Hot fluid rises, then cools off and sinks again." The convection generates an electric current and, as a result, a magnetic field. Additional currents are created as Earth cools. Some of the molten iron solidifies onto the inner core, releasing lighter material in the process. The rotation of the Earth also generates forces that curve the flow of fluid as it rises, twisting the magnetic field. All of these currents constantly replenish the magnetic field, a maintenance process that prevents it from decaying. Typically each newly generated field lines up in the direction of the existing magnetic field. But every now and again, some force will cause the new field to line up in the opposite direction. This process can lead to a net weakening of Earth's magnetic field.
Aftershocks continue to rattle Taiwan after a strong earthquake that killed at least four people and injured more than 200 others. About 143 of its residents remain unaccounted for. People reported feeling the quake in the island's capital, Taipei, more than 160km (100 miles) away. Taiwan has been rocked by more than 100 earthquakes so far this month.
A NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE WAY: Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata bacteria is considered to be a novel, effective and eco-friendly method. The important parameter, which controls the size and shape of AuNPs, was pH value. The R. capsulata biomass and aqueous HAuCl4 solution were incubated at pH values ranging from 7 to 4. The AuNPs were characterized by UV–Vis whose absorbance measured at 540 nm followed by transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of AuNPs in the range of 20–80 nm in diameter at pH 6.5. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the AuNPs ranging from 50 to 70 nm, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AuNPs in the range of 4,000–400 cm−1. The results demonstrated that spherical AuNPs in the range of 10–20 nm were observed at pH value of 7 whereas a number of nanoplates were observed at pH 4. Hence, the present study enlightens on the green chemistry approach on the production of AuNPs using microorganisms.
A metal-gobbling bacteria manages to ingest toxic metallic compounds and still thrive, producing tiny gold nuggets as a side-effect, scientists have found. High concentrations of heavy metals, like copper and gold, are toxic for most living creatures, researchers said. However, that is not the case for the bacterium C metallidurans, which has found a way to extract valuable trace elements from a compound of heavy metals without poisoning itself. The bacteria produces tiny gold nuggets as a side-effect, according to the study published in the journal Metallomics.
A team of researchers from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) and the Technical University of Munich (TUM) in Germany has discovered the molecular processes that take place inside the bacteria. The rod-shaped bacterium C metallidurans primarily lives in soils that are enriched with numerous heavy metals. Over time some minerals break down in the soil and release toxic heavy metals and hydrogen into their environment. There is enough hydrogen to conserve energy and nearly no competition. If an organism chooses to survive here, it has to find a way to protect itself from these toxic substances. The gold enters the bacteria the same way as copper, which is a vital trace element for C metallidurans, however it is toxic in large quantities.
Gold and Copper: When the copper and gold particles come into contact with the bacteria, a range of chemical processes occur: Copper, which usually occurs in a form that is difficult to be taken up, is converted to a form that is considerably easier for the bacterium to import and thus is able to reach the interior of the cell. The same happens to the gold compounds. When too much copper has accumulated inside the bacteria, it is normally pumped out by the enzyme CupA. However, when gold compounds are also present, the enzyme is suppressed and the toxic copper and gold compounds remain inside the cell. Copper and gold combined are actually more toxic than when they appear on their own. To solve this problem, the bacteria activate another enzyme - CopA. This enzyme transforms the copper and gold compounds into their originally difficult to absorb forms. This assures that fewer copper and gold compounds enter the cellular interior. The bacterium is poisoned less and the enzyme that pumps out the copper can dispose of the excess copper unimpeded. Another consequence: the gold compounds that are difficult to absorb transform in the outer area of the cell into harmless gold nuggets only a few nanometres in size. In nature, C metallidurans plays a key role in the formation of so-called secondary gold, which emerges following the breakdown of primary, geologically created, ancient gold ores. It transforms the toxic gold particles formed by the weathering process into harmless gold particles, thereby producing gold nuggets.
7 Feb. 2018: SUNSPOT MUTUAL MAGNETIC FIELD OF 6250G: Most powerful solar magnetic field measured by Japanese Astronomers, on the surface of the Sun. As per a study published in Astrophysical Journal, NAOJ determined the powerful magnetic field as a result of gas outflow, from one sunspot pushing to another sunspot. After tracking the same sunspot for several days, HINODE revealed that the strong field was always located at the boundary between the bright region and the umbra. The horizontal gas flows along the direction of the magnetic fields, on the other hand, turned down into the Sun when they reached the strong-field area. The bright region with the strong field, therefore, is a penumbra belonging to the southern umbra. The horizontal gas flows from the southern umbra compressed the fields near the other umbra, and enhanced the field strength to more than 6,000 gauss, according to astronomers. Japanese report clear evidence of the magnetic field of 6250 G, which is the strongest field among Stokes I profiles with clear Zeeman splitting ever observed on the Sun. The field was almost parallel to the solar surface and located in a bright region sandwiched by two opposite-polarity umbrae. Using a time series of spectral data sets, we discuss the formation process of the super-strong field and suggest that this strong field region was generated as a result of compression of one umbra pushed by the horizontal flow from the other umbra,
Feb. 7, 2018: Toronto: Only one type of virus in different parts of the World, occupying the troposphere, and travelling thousands of kilometres, are falling on the Earth. Every square meter about 800 million viruses, accumulating in the troposphere, falling down due to rains.
7 Feb. 2018: Siberia cold winds with temperature reigning -67C and at present there is a heavy depression. It is moving via middle Asia to the North India. In Tibet and China also the cold weather prevailing and the those winds are blowing in North India. Sustaining cold weather is supporting this condition in India. Due to this even in Andhra Pradesh the cold winter has extended over the month of beggining February. Since there are no winds of rains the summer the winter is still prevailing in the first fortnight in Andhra Pradesh.
Feb 8, 2018 9:54AM: Srinagar: Respite from dry spell likely on Feb 11. MeT officials said that clear sky has led to decrease in night temperatures across Kashmir and Ladakh. The Srinagar-Jammu highway was re-opened for traffic on Wednesday after its closure due to landslides, though light rains and snowfall on Sunday 4 Feb. 2018. There are chances of light rains in plains and snowfall in upper reaches on Sunday. Srinagar recorded on 7 Feb. 2018 a minimum temperature of -3.9C, down from the previous night's -1.7C. They said Qazigund registered a low of -4 degrees Celsius, compared to -2.4C the previous night. Gulmarg in Baramulla, recorded a low of minus 9C last night.
Feb. 8, 2018: Rayalaseema having untimely rains, Chittooru, Anantharam, Kadapa zillahs, on Wednesday. Next 24 hours in Rayalaseema and coastal areas would have rains. In Tirupati and Ananthapuram (Kadhiri) zillahs from 7:30PM for an hour non-stop heavy rain occurred. Several places around Tirupati.
Feb 10, 2018, 09:54 AM IST: A winter storm swept across the northern U.S. Midwest on Friday, dumping up to nine inches (23 cm) of snow on Chicago and snarling hundreds of flights as it rolled east to threaten New York state and New England. A winter storm swept across the northern U.S. Midwest on Friday, dumping up to nine inches (23 cm) of snow on Chicago and snarling hundreds of flights as it rolled east to threaten New York state and New England.
11 Feb. 2018: Cape Town: In the drought-hit city, Friday night's 8mm (0.3 inches) was long-desired. The city has had low rainfall for three years.
11 Feb. 2018: Cape Town: In the drought-hit city, Friday night's 8mm (0.3 inches) was long-desired. The city has had low rainfall for three years.
Visakhapatnam: Y'day it was relatively hot and today it was very cloudy with no rain but Sun blazing through the clouds in Visakhapatnam. For the last two days it was a mild cloudy weather in Visakhapatnam.
Sunday: Feb. 11, 2018: The Hindu S&T: Scientists from Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata synthesized the zinc-frame work used in LED device with Indium-Tn-Oxide coated glass as an anode and vacuum evaporated aluminium as cathod. Zinc based framework used as the active layer in which electrons are recombined to produce white light. They caculated the energy levels and origin of photoluminescence emissions obtained, at 384nm, 468nm, and 570nm under UV excitation. Tthe LED requires 8v which is higher than commercially available LEDs. The authors are Tuhina Mondal, Saptasree Bose and Shyamlal K. Saha.
12 Feb. 2018: Himalayan Springs: A government report asserts that a majority of Himalayan low-water springs have dried up and reached critical levels in some states. Half of the perennial springs have already dried up or become seasonal, causing acute to a report submitted by the DST,to the NITI Aayog. As per estimates there are five million springs in India. Fading springs are a result of erratic rainfall patterns, increased water demand, seismic activity, changing land use patterns and ecological degradation due to infrastructural development. Spring management is slowly becoming a nationally pertinent problem.
Feb 12, 2018, 02.30 AM IST: Hailstorm kills 2, damages crops in parts of state. Hailstorm over central parts of Maharashtra, Marathwada and parts of Vidarbha region claimed two lives and caused extensive damage to crops on Sunday.According to residents, parts of Jalna district “resembled Kashmir”. “There are ice cubes everywhere. The roads have become slippery and I witnessed several bikers falling down,” said Ajit Patil. The temperature had dropped down and people are likely to fall sick. The ice cubes are still lying in fields.”
February 13, 2018 20:39 IST: Water crisis is here: World's 12 major cities likely to dry up soon, Bangalore 2nd most water-stressed: The world's freshwater reserves are depleting fast, putting major cities at risk of running out of drinking water soon.Sau Paulo in Brazil almost ran out of water in 2015 after the main reservoir fell below four percent of its capacity. The water bodies in Bangalore are so polluted that not a single lake can provide drinking water. China holds 20 percent of the world's population but only seven percent of its drinking water. While Egypt was once known for its large rivers, it is now in the water scarcity list as the River Nile is struggling to survive. Indonesia's capital Jakarta is the sixth city that is expected to run out of water in a few decades. Less than half of the 10 million Jakarta residents have access to piped water. Official records say that 35 percent to 60 percent of Russia's total drinking water is unsanitary and unfit for consumption. Turkey government has already stated in 2016 that Istanbul is in major water stress after its per capita supply fell below 1,700 cubic meters. The Mexico city residents have faced water scarcity for a long time as reports suggest only one in five people get a few hours of tap water per week and only 20 percent has running water for a few hours in a day. Although London is believed to have a large amount of rainfall throughout the year, the city is struggling to cope with its drinking water problems. The capital of England draws 80 percent of its water from the Thames and Lea rivers.Tokyo is another city that experiences a lot of rainfall but fails to collect the rainwater for further utilization, in spite of at least 750 buildings having a rainwater collection system.People think of beaches and fun when they hear of Miami, but the party city in Florida, US is also suffering from major water scarcity. Saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean is contaminating the Biscayne Aquifer.
Feb 13, 2018, 04:02 PM IST: Cyclone Gita wreaks havoc in Tonga's capital, Parliament flattened, homes wrecked.There were no confirmed reports of deaths from the Category 4 storm that bought winds of around 200 km (125 miles) per hour, but there were a lot of injured people, some seriously.The cyclone was heading towards Fiji's southern islands on Tuesday, with some forecasts reporting it intensifying towards a Category 5 storm. Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama warned residents to "heed warnings and prepare", although the storm is expected to bypass heavily populated areas. Gita had pummelled Samoa and American Samoa, about 900 km (560 miles) to the northeast, over the weekend, flooding the Samoan capital, Apia. They have been through cyclones before, but this is the biggest cyclone this island has had for at least 60 odd years.
Feb 13, 2018, 11:13 AM IST Earthquake jolts the Andaman Islands: An earthquake of 5.6 magnitude hit the Andaman Islands on Tuesday morning. The earthquake occurred at around 8: 09 AM in the morning.Feb 14, 2018: Mahashivratri: India Hindu people sought blessings of Lord Shiva. The gates of the sanctum sanctorum at Mahakaleshwar temple in Ujjain were opened for 44 hours. On the second day of Mahashivratri, bhasma aarti, was performed in the afternoon.
In the morning of 14.02.1931 at Lahore, the legendary Bhagat Singh, Rajguru & Sukhdev were hanged to their deaths.
Qualcomm Inc and Broadcom Ltd plan to meet on Wednesday to talk about the latter’s $121 billion acquisition offer, the first time the semiconductor companies will discuss the potential deal.
February 15, 2018: Srinagar: The Srinagar-Jammu highway remained closed for the fourth consecutive day on Thursday as authorities said landslide clearance work is still in progress. No traffic will be allowed on the highway as road clearance operations are on.
15 Feb. 2018: An image of a single atom of the metal strontium suspended in electric fields has won the 2018 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council science photography competition. David Nadlinger‘s photo, Single Atom In An Ion Trap, was captured through the window of a vacuum chamber in an Oxford University laboratory, using an ordinary digital camera on a long exposure shot.
2018-02-15 16:22:02: Electrons bouncing across Earth’s magnetic field cause Northern Lights, with the onset of a new satellite with advanced measuring tools, have identified that this wonderful phenomenon is caused by the interaction between electrons and plasma waves. Electrons bouncing across Earth’s magnetic field cause Northern Lights! (Source: NASA). Scientists have observed the cause of the Northern Lights for the very first time. According to them, the shower of electrons bouncing across the Earth’s magnetic field cause the Aurora Borealis, the colourful phenomenon which is commonly known as the Northern Lights. Scientists, with the onset of a new satellite with advanced measuring tools, have identified that this wonderful phenomenon is caused by the interaction between electrons and plasma waves. This interaction takes place in the Earth’s magnetosphere, the region in which the behaviour of the electric particles is governed by the planet’s magnetic field. Satoshi Kasahara, of Tokyo in Japan said Auroral sub storms are caused by global reconfiguration in the magnetosphere, which releases stored solar wind energy. They are characterized by auroral brightening from dusk to midnight, followed by violent motions of distinct auroral arcs that eventually break up, and emerge as diffuse, pulsating auroral patches at dawn. The phenomenon happens when a specific type of plasma waves, called the chorus waves, rain electrons in the upper atmosphere. This stabilizes the system and gives off a colourful light as the electrons fall.
Thursday, 15 February, 2018: Vijayawada engineering student gets Rs 9 lakh reward from Google.
02 Feb. 208: New Delhi: General David L Goldfein, Chief of Staff of US Air Force will fly on India's indigenous light combat aircraft, the Tejas, this morning, a special flight that will take off from the Jodhpur Air Force Station that signals the soaring ties between the two air forces. The top ranking US military officer had reached India on Thursday on an official visit to deepen relations.
3 Feb 2018: MAYA CIVILIZATION:
Fig.1 Maya civilization
Aerial laser mapping detects thousands of hidden structures in Peten region, suggesting its population was millions more than previously thought. The 810 square miles (2,100 square kilometers) of mapping done vastly expands the area that was intensively occupied by the Maya, whose culture flourished between roughly 1,000 BC and 900 AD. Researchers using a high-tech aerial mapping technique have found tens of thousands of previously undetected Mayan houses, buildings, defence works and pyramids in the dense jungle of Guatemala’s Peten region, suggesting that millions more people lived there than previously thoughtTheir descendants still live in the region. The mapping detected about 60,000 individual structures, including four major Mayan ceremonial centres with plazas and pyramids. Belize’s Great Blue Hole, a 400ft-deep cave in a barrier reef, that supports the theory that drought and climate conditions pushed the Mayans from a regional power to a smattering of rival survivors and finally a virtually lost civilization.he researchers took sediment samples from both the ancient sinkhole and the central Belize lagoon corresponding to the era of the Mayan decline, between 800 and 1000 AD.Sunday: Feb. 4, 2018: Knotty Inductors: Some substances expected to be insukators have been shown to conduct electricity under special conditions involving "KNOTTY" maths. In these durrent flows on the surface of the material in wavy, knotted loops that can be difficult to disrupt, enjoying what is called 'topological protection'. This makes the current flow unimpeded.
Odisha State: Pre-Christian era artefacts unearthed in Odisha. Settlements could have been closer to the sea coast, also possibly around Prachi river and not known how it declined. 12 trenches were dug simultaneously. Unearthed remnants of axe, adze, harpoons, cells, stylus made of bones, potteries with mark of paintingsdistrict , and thumbnails scrappers, chiselled from stones. A mound from Jlapur Village of Cuttack district revealed these artefacts of pre-christian era.
Feb 4, 2018: Kargil town recorded a low of minus 15.5C down from yesterday’s minus 13C. Kargil continued to be the coldest recorded place in Jammu and Kashmir
Feb.4, 2018: Earthquake measuring 6.1 on Richter scale strikes Taiwan Posted By: Vikas Published: Sunday, February 4, 2018, 20:56 [IST] Subscribe to Oneindia News An earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter Scale struck off the coast of Hualien, Taiwan on Sunday. There were no immediate reports of damage, said reports. Several aftershocks were felt minutes after the main quake.
February 04, 2018 17:06 IST: One dead As Record Snowfall Hits Moscow: Russia's meteorological service said Moscow had seen more than half its average monthly snowfall in the space of 24 hours, with 43 centimetres (17 inches) blanketing the capital by Sunday morning.
Sunday: Feb. 4, 2018: Knotty Inductors: Some substances expected to be insulators have been shown to conduct electricity under special conditions involving "KNOTTY" maths. In these durrent flows on the surface of the material in wavy, knotted loops, that can be difficult to disrupt, enjoying what is called 'topological protection'. This makes the current flow unimpeded.
5 Feb. 2018: Pre-Christian era artefacts unearthed in Odisha. Settlements could have been closer to the sea coast, also possibly around Prachi river and not known how it declined. 12 trenches were dug simultaneously. Unearthed remnants of axe, adze, harpoons, cells, stylus made of bones, potteries with mark of paintings, and thumbnails scrappers, chiselled from stones. A mound from Jlapur Village of Cuttack district revealed these artefacts of pre-Christian era.
5 Feb.2018: Russia calls in army after 'snowfall of the century' in Moscow: More than a month’s worth of snow fell on Moscow within just 36 hours at the weekend as the temperature hovered below zero degrees Celsius, the biggest snowfall in the Russian capital.
07 Feb '18 04:37 AM: Taiwan Earthquake: Taipei: Two people were killed and more than 200 injured in a 6.4-magnitude earthquake which jolted waters near Taiwan's Hualien County at 11.50 p.m. on Tuesday. The epicentre was monitored at 24.13 degrees north latitude and 121.71 degrees east longitude, with a depth of 11 km..
7 Feb. 2018: Scientists believe the magnetic field is generated deep inside the Earth where the heat of the planet's solid inner core churns a liquid outer core of iron and nickel. The solid inner core is thought to be a mass of iron about the size of the moon that is heated to several thousand degrees Fahrenheit. Heat radiated by this inner core builds up at its boundary with Earth's liquid outer core, causing the fluid there to expand. "When it expands it becomes a little less dense [and more] buoyant. So it starts to rise. That's convection," Glatzmaier said. "Hot fluid rises, then cools off and sinks again." The convection generates an electric current and, as a result, a magnetic field. Additional currents are created as Earth cools. Some of the molten iron solidifies onto the inner core, releasing lighter material in the process. The rotation of the Earth also generates forces that curve the flow of fluid as it rises, twisting the magnetic field. All of these currents constantly replenish the magnetic field, a maintenance process that prevents it from decaying. Typically each newly generated field lines up in the direction of the existing magnetic field. But every now and again, some force will cause the new field to line up in the opposite direction. This process can lead to a net weakening of Earth's magnetic field.
Aftershocks continue to rattle Taiwan after a strong earthquake that killed at least four people and injured more than 200 others. About 143 of its residents remain unaccounted for. People reported feeling the quake in the island's capital, Taipei, more than 160km (100 miles) away. Taiwan has been rocked by more than 100 earthquakes so far this month.
A NOVEL AND EFFECTIVE WAY: Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata bacteria is considered to be a novel, effective and eco-friendly method. The important parameter, which controls the size and shape of AuNPs, was pH value. The R. capsulata biomass and aqueous HAuCl4 solution were incubated at pH values ranging from 7 to 4. The AuNPs were characterized by UV–Vis whose absorbance measured at 540 nm followed by transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of AuNPs in the range of 20–80 nm in diameter at pH 6.5. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the AuNPs ranging from 50 to 70 nm, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AuNPs in the range of 4,000–400 cm−1. The results demonstrated that spherical AuNPs in the range of 10–20 nm were observed at pH value of 7 whereas a number of nanoplates were observed at pH 4. Hence, the present study enlightens on the green chemistry approach on the production of AuNPs using microorganisms.
A metal-gobbling bacteria manages to ingest toxic metallic compounds and still thrive, producing tiny gold nuggets as a side-effect, scientists have found. High concentrations of heavy metals, like copper and gold, are toxic for most living creatures, researchers said. However, that is not the case for the bacterium C metallidurans, which has found a way to extract valuable trace elements from a compound of heavy metals without poisoning itself. The bacteria produces tiny gold nuggets as a side-effect, according to the study published in the journal Metallomics.
A team of researchers from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) and the Technical University of Munich (TUM) in Germany has discovered the molecular processes that take place inside the bacteria. The rod-shaped bacterium C metallidurans primarily lives in soils that are enriched with numerous heavy metals. Over time some minerals break down in the soil and release toxic heavy metals and hydrogen into their environment. There is enough hydrogen to conserve energy and nearly no competition. If an organism chooses to survive here, it has to find a way to protect itself from these toxic substances. The gold enters the bacteria the same way as copper, which is a vital trace element for C metallidurans, however it is toxic in large quantities.
Gold and Copper: When the copper and gold particles come into contact with the bacteria, a range of chemical processes occur: Copper, which usually occurs in a form that is difficult to be taken up, is converted to a form that is considerably easier for the bacterium to import and thus is able to reach the interior of the cell. The same happens to the gold compounds. When too much copper has accumulated inside the bacteria, it is normally pumped out by the enzyme CupA. However, when gold compounds are also present, the enzyme is suppressed and the toxic copper and gold compounds remain inside the cell. Copper and gold combined are actually more toxic than when they appear on their own. To solve this problem, the bacteria activate another enzyme - CopA. This enzyme transforms the copper and gold compounds into their originally difficult to absorb forms. This assures that fewer copper and gold compounds enter the cellular interior. The bacterium is poisoned less and the enzyme that pumps out the copper can dispose of the excess copper unimpeded. Another consequence: the gold compounds that are difficult to absorb transform in the outer area of the cell into harmless gold nuggets only a few nanometres in size. In nature, C metallidurans plays a key role in the formation of so-called secondary gold, which emerges following the breakdown of primary, geologically created, ancient gold ores. It transforms the toxic gold particles formed by the weathering process into harmless gold particles, thereby producing gold nuggets.
7 Feb. 2018: SUNSPOT MUTUAL MAGNETIC FIELD OF 6250G: Most powerful solar magnetic field measured by Japanese Astronomers, on the surface of the Sun. As per a study published in Astrophysical Journal, NAOJ determined the powerful magnetic field as a result of gas outflow, from one sunspot pushing to another sunspot. After tracking the same sunspot for several days, HINODE revealed that the strong field was always located at the boundary between the bright region and the umbra. The horizontal gas flows along the direction of the magnetic fields, on the other hand, turned down into the Sun when they reached the strong-field area. The bright region with the strong field, therefore, is a penumbra belonging to the southern umbra. The horizontal gas flows from the southern umbra compressed the fields near the other umbra, and enhanced the field strength to more than 6,000 gauss, according to astronomers. Japanese report clear evidence of the magnetic field of 6250 G, which is the strongest field among Stokes I profiles with clear Zeeman splitting ever observed on the Sun. The field was almost parallel to the solar surface and located in a bright region sandwiched by two opposite-polarity umbrae. Using a time series of spectral data sets, we discuss the formation process of the super-strong field and suggest that this strong field region was generated as a result of compression of one umbra pushed by the horizontal flow from the other umbra,
Feb. 7, 2018: Toronto: Only one type of virus in different parts of the World, occupying the troposphere, and travelling thousands of kilometres, are falling on the Earth. Every square meter about 800 million viruses, accumulating in the troposphere, falling down due to rains.
7 Feb. 2018: Siberia cold winds with temperature reigning -67C and at present there is a heavy depression. It is moving via middle Asia to the North India. In Tibet and China also the cold weather prevailing and the those winds are blowing in North India. Sustaining cold weather is supporting this condition in India. Due to this even in Andhra Pradesh the cold winter has extended over the month of beggining February. Since there are no winds of rains the summer the winter is still prevailing in the first fortnight in Andhra Pradesh.
Feb 8, 2018 9:54AM: Srinagar: Respite from dry spell likely on Feb 11. MeT officials said that clear sky has led to decrease in night temperatures across Kashmir and Ladakh. The Srinagar-Jammu highway was re-opened for traffic on Wednesday after its closure due to landslides, though light rains and snowfall on Sunday 4 Feb. 2018. There are chances of light rains in plains and snowfall in upper reaches on Sunday. Srinagar recorded on 7 Feb. 2018 a minimum temperature of -3.9C, down from the previous night's -1.7C. They said Qazigund registered a low of -4 degrees Celsius, compared to -2.4C the previous night. Gulmarg in Baramulla, recorded a low of minus 9C last night.
Feb. 8, 2018: Rayalaseema having untimely rains, Chittooru, Anantharam, Kadapa zillahs, on Wednesday. Next 24 hours in Rayalaseema and coastal areas would have rains. In Tirupati and Ananthapuram (Kadhiri) zillahs from 7:30PM for an hour non-stop heavy rain occurred. Several places around Tirupati.
Feb 10, 2018, 09:54 AM IST: A winter storm swept across the northern U.S. Midwest on Friday, dumping up to nine inches (23 cm) of snow on Chicago and snarling hundreds of flights as it rolled east to threaten New York state and New England. A winter storm swept across the northern U.S. Midwest on Friday, dumping up to nine inches (23 cm) of snow on Chicago and snarling hundreds of flights as it rolled east to threaten New York state and New England.
11 Feb. 2018: Cape Town: In the drought-hit city, Friday night's 8mm (0.3 inches) was long-desired. The city has had low rainfall for three years.
11 Feb. 2018: Cape Town: In the drought-hit city, Friday night's 8mm (0.3 inches) was long-desired. The city has had low rainfall for three years.
Visakhapatnam: Y'day it was relatively hot and today it was very cloudy with no rain but Sun blazing through the clouds in Visakhapatnam. For the last two days it was a mild cloudy weather in Visakhapatnam.
Sunday: Feb. 11, 2018: The Hindu S&T: Scientists from Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, Kolkata synthesized the zinc-frame work used in LED device with Indium-Tn-Oxide coated glass as an anode and vacuum evaporated aluminium as cathod. Zinc based framework used as the active layer in which electrons are recombined to produce white light. They caculated the energy levels and origin of photoluminescence emissions obtained, at 384nm, 468nm, and 570nm under UV excitation. Tthe LED requires 8v which is higher than commercially available LEDs. The authors are Tuhina Mondal, Saptasree Bose and Shyamlal K. Saha.
12 Feb. 2018: Himalayan Springs: A government report asserts that a majority of Himalayan low-water springs have dried up and reached critical levels in some states. Half of the perennial springs have already dried up or become seasonal, causing acute to a report submitted by the DST,to the NITI Aayog. As per estimates there are five million springs in India. Fading springs are a result of erratic rainfall patterns, increased water demand, seismic activity, changing land use patterns and ecological degradation due to infrastructural development. Spring management is slowly becoming a nationally pertinent problem.
Feb 12, 2018, 02.30 AM IST: Hailstorm kills 2, damages crops in parts of state. Hailstorm over central parts of Maharashtra, Marathwada and parts of Vidarbha region claimed two lives and caused extensive damage to crops on Sunday.According to residents, parts of Jalna district “resembled Kashmir”. “There are ice cubes everywhere. The roads have become slippery and I witnessed several bikers falling down,” said Ajit Patil. The temperature had dropped down and people are likely to fall sick. The ice cubes are still lying in fields.”
February 13, 2018 20:39 IST: Water crisis is here: World's 12 major cities likely to dry up soon, Bangalore 2nd most water-stressed: The world's freshwater reserves are depleting fast, putting major cities at risk of running out of drinking water soon.Sau Paulo in Brazil almost ran out of water in 2015 after the main reservoir fell below four percent of its capacity. The water bodies in Bangalore are so polluted that not a single lake can provide drinking water. China holds 20 percent of the world's population but only seven percent of its drinking water. While Egypt was once known for its large rivers, it is now in the water scarcity list as the River Nile is struggling to survive. Indonesia's capital Jakarta is the sixth city that is expected to run out of water in a few decades. Less than half of the 10 million Jakarta residents have access to piped water. Official records say that 35 percent to 60 percent of Russia's total drinking water is unsanitary and unfit for consumption. Turkey government has already stated in 2016 that Istanbul is in major water stress after its per capita supply fell below 1,700 cubic meters. The Mexico city residents have faced water scarcity for a long time as reports suggest only one in five people get a few hours of tap water per week and only 20 percent has running water for a few hours in a day. Although London is believed to have a large amount of rainfall throughout the year, the city is struggling to cope with its drinking water problems. The capital of England draws 80 percent of its water from the Thames and Lea rivers.Tokyo is another city that experiences a lot of rainfall but fails to collect the rainwater for further utilization, in spite of at least 750 buildings having a rainwater collection system.People think of beaches and fun when they hear of Miami, but the party city in Florida, US is also suffering from major water scarcity. Saltwater from the Atlantic Ocean is contaminating the Biscayne Aquifer.
Feb 13, 2018, 04:02 PM IST: Cyclone Gita wreaks havoc in Tonga's capital, Parliament flattened, homes wrecked.There were no confirmed reports of deaths from the Category 4 storm that bought winds of around 200 km (125 miles) per hour, but there were a lot of injured people, some seriously.The cyclone was heading towards Fiji's southern islands on Tuesday, with some forecasts reporting it intensifying towards a Category 5 storm. Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama warned residents to "heed warnings and prepare", although the storm is expected to bypass heavily populated areas. Gita had pummelled Samoa and American Samoa, about 900 km (560 miles) to the northeast, over the weekend, flooding the Samoan capital, Apia. They have been through cyclones before, but this is the biggest cyclone this island has had for at least 60 odd years.
Feb 13, 2018, 11:13 AM IST Earthquake jolts the Andaman Islands: An earthquake of 5.6 magnitude hit the Andaman Islands on Tuesday morning. The earthquake occurred at around 8: 09 AM in the morning.Feb 14, 2018: Mahashivratri: India Hindu people sought blessings of Lord Shiva. The gates of the sanctum sanctorum at Mahakaleshwar temple in Ujjain were opened for 44 hours. On the second day of Mahashivratri, bhasma aarti, was performed in the afternoon.
In the morning of 14.02.1931 at Lahore, the legendary Bhagat Singh, Rajguru & Sukhdev were hanged to their deaths.
Qualcomm Inc and Broadcom Ltd plan to meet on Wednesday to talk about the latter’s $121 billion acquisition offer, the first time the semiconductor companies will discuss the potential deal.
February 15, 2018: Srinagar: The Srinagar-Jammu highway remained closed for the fourth consecutive day on Thursday as authorities said landslide clearance work is still in progress. No traffic will be allowed on the highway as road clearance operations are on.
15 Feb. 2018: An image of a single atom of the metal strontium suspended in electric fields has won the 2018 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council science photography competition. David Nadlinger‘s photo, Single Atom In An Ion Trap, was captured through the window of a vacuum chamber in an Oxford University laboratory, using an ordinary digital camera on a long exposure shot.
2018-02-15 16:22:02: Electrons bouncing across Earth’s magnetic field cause Northern Lights, with the onset of a new satellite with advanced measuring tools, have identified that this wonderful phenomenon is caused by the interaction between electrons and plasma waves. Electrons bouncing across Earth’s magnetic field cause Northern Lights! (Source: NASA). Scientists have observed the cause of the Northern Lights for the very first time. According to them, the shower of electrons bouncing across the Earth’s magnetic field cause the Aurora Borealis, the colourful phenomenon which is commonly known as the Northern Lights. Scientists, with the onset of a new satellite with advanced measuring tools, have identified that this wonderful phenomenon is caused by the interaction between electrons and plasma waves. This interaction takes place in the Earth’s magnetosphere, the region in which the behaviour of the electric particles is governed by the planet’s magnetic field. Satoshi Kasahara, of Tokyo in Japan said Auroral sub storms are caused by global reconfiguration in the magnetosphere, which releases stored solar wind energy. They are characterized by auroral brightening from dusk to midnight, followed by violent motions of distinct auroral arcs that eventually break up, and emerge as diffuse, pulsating auroral patches at dawn. The phenomenon happens when a specific type of plasma waves, called the chorus waves, rain electrons in the upper atmosphere. This stabilizes the system and gives off a colourful light as the electrons fall.
Thursday, 15 February, 2018: Vijayawada engineering student gets Rs 9 lakh reward from Google.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The author is indebted to Late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc.(London) for his guidance and inspiration to present these articles on my website. He is grateful to his mother Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Rao for her sustained interest.
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