trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com
Volume 2020, Issue No.1, Dated: Jan. 1, 2020 Time: 07:44:15 AM
Professor Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana,
M.Sc. (Math. Phys.), M.Sc. (Nucl. Phys.), PhD.(AU), Int. Edu & Res. (Sweden 1964-65)
While returning from Sweden, spent a few days in England, Paris, Egypt and etc. countries,
Visited USA about 12 Universities, several National Laboratories and Institutes for four months.
Sept.to December 1988. and in 1989 visited Japan for about
10 days, and South Korea Conf. in Physics for a week in 1989.
[Retd. Prof of Physics; Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416004].
Residential Address: 17- 11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony,
Maharanipeta. P. O., Visakhapatnam-530002, A.P. Mobile: 09491902867.
kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com; DOB:23-07-1940.
lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Silent workers of Indore, ISRO's CARTOSAT-3 Captures Spectacular Images Of Earth, My Model of Newer Gravitins existing inside, the outer and the inner volume areas of the Earth, need to be gauged with the object of visualising the Earth's gravity concept, Dust events all over the Universe is scintillating. I have formulated the description of the Dust in the universe by several degrees of variants. I have introduced newer constants that would take care of the variety of dust events in the Universe, NASA data revealed that the green growth around Mount Everest and vegetation at the height of 5000-5500 meters consistent with decline of temperature limited areas, Vast expanse of the sands, an unusual site, on the beach coast in Visakhapatnam near the Maharanipeta.
DETAILS
Jan. 1, 2020: Wednesday, 5:00 AM IST: Angels of Indore: The silent workers. These people have created a niche for themselves in the hearts of people they work for.
Jan. 10, 2020: 03:22: ISRO's CARTOSAT-3 Captures Spectacular Images Of Earth, Wins Twitter. Post its launch, ISRO Telemetry Tracking and Command Network in Bengaluru assumed control of the satellite.
Fig.8 The rice dumps in Andhra Pradesh
Lunar Eclipse: First 2020 Lunar Eclipse Date &Time : This will be a penumbral eclipse which will last for 4 hrs and 2min on 10th of Jan 2020 from 22:39 to 2:40 am 11 Jan 2020. Cancer: Moon is the lord of this zodiac. The lunar eclipse seems to be in the twelfth house for you. This may give you mental distress. Going away from home can make you nervous. Please keep a check on any unnecessary expenditures for the next few months. Due to this eclipse impacting your 12th house in your zodiac there could be a rise in expenses on health or travelling, which might not be required actually.
Jan 1, 2020: 05:00 IST: It takes just three months for a software engineer to become a data scientist.
107th Indian Science Congress DATA by me during
2nd Jan to 8th Jan. 2020:
2nd Jan to 8th Jan. 2020:
Fig.1 107 ISC Physical Sciences Abstracts
Fig.2 Certificate of participation
in Physical Sciences ISC 2020 Bengaluru.
Fig.2a Certificate of participation
in Physical Sciences ISC 2020 Bengaluru.
Fig.3 My paper Abstract in Physical Sciences
2020 at I S C Bengaluru.
Fig.3a My model of the Gravitins in Two spheres
at the centre of Earth details given in the script below.
===========================================================
L1330 Life Member of ISCA.
Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700017,
The Indian Science Congress Association
The 107th session: year 2020
PHYSICS SESSION HELD ON JAN. 5, 2020.
=========================================================
EARTH CENTERED GRAVITINS IN THE INNER AND THE OUTER CORES
by
Prof.Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshminarayana
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com,
17-11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta. P.O.,
Visakhapatnam-530002, AP.
Cell: 9491902867
ABSTRACT
Both the Inner and the Outer cores of the Earth are considered to have the
Gravitins, a totally new concept. The Inner core, with radius 1216 km, has
the Iron, Nickel, Sulphur and Magnesium with 10% other minor metals and has
the mass 13000 kg/m^3 with density 0.98e+23 kg. It has about 2.277e+24
Gravitins. On the other hand, the Outer core, with a radius of 2270 km, has
only smaller mass of 3000 kg/m^3 with density 1.47 kg, in a liquid state. Both the Inner and the Outer cores, have freely moving 4s^2, 4s^2, 3s^2, 3s^2 electrons
and both the cores are devoid of any magnetic field. Outer core has about
3.4167e+24 Gravitins. The freely moving electrons are combined
with the Gravitins.
Keywords: Gravitins, electrons, minor metals.
INTRODUCTION:
EARLIER VIEW:
Gravitation bound Earth revolving round the Sun,
Several Suns innumerable in Akashganga, Akasha-ganagalu several,
Gravitation bound Earth-like objects, Gravitons collection,
Akashganagalu also bound gravitation, Quasars, Akasha-ganagalu,
Black holes collective Universe.
From the Earth surface 30 to 65 km gravitation,
9.8ms^2, but till 2885 km its power is 10.7m/s^2, after that it
falls down. From 2885 km to 6166 km after that till 5155 km
and from thence till 6371 km its power is reduced to 0.0m/s^2,
after that it is null and void. This is the old thought presented.
Earth's radius is 6378 km, while polar radius is 6357.8km.
Revolving Earth gives the day and night view of the Earth.
Its revolution is 23h56m with orbital speed of 29.78km/s.
Axis is tilted by about 23.4392811 angle, and orbital speed is
365.256363004 days, its density is 5.97e+24 kg.
PRESENT VIEW:
My Model of Newer Gravitins existing inside, the outer and the inner volume
areas of the Earth, need to be gauged with the object of visualising
the Earth's gravity concept.
MY MODEL:
EARTH GRAVITINS BOTH THE INNER AND THE OUTER CORES.
A. Inner core of 1216 km radius, it has Iron, Nickel,(both 90%) and also
Sulphur and Magnesium and other metals. Inner core has about 13000 kg/m^3
and has a density of about 0.98e+23kg. My model, considers it to be
bestowed with 4s^2, 4s^2, 3s^2, 3s^2, electrons collection. Earth centered
Gravitin avoids Magnetic Fields, that is why inside the Inner surface the
Gravitins exist. The eight electrons move independently and with no constrains
on them. That is why inside the Inner core these electrons exist but mostly
bound with the Gravitins. With these Iron, Nickel, Sulphur and Magnesium along
with the other minor constituents of metals. The inner core density is
about 0.9791e+23 kg, Radius 1216 km, 13000 kg/m^3, so how
many Gtavitins exist? Answer: 2.277e+24 Gravitins.[1,2,3,4]
B. The Outer core radius is about 2270 km. Liquefied Iron, Nickel(both 90%)
and Sulphur and Magnesium and other elements mostly metals constitute about
10%. They account for 3000 kg/m^3 with density of about 1.47e+23kg. According
to my thoughts these also have 4s^2, 4s^2, 3s^2, 3s^2, electrons a collective
assortment. Earth's Gravitins expel the magnetic field outside the Outer core.
The eight electrons move around independently, of course, combined with
Gravitins. They have mass 55.845, 58.6934, 32.005 and 24.305 amu and others
very small. The external circle density is about 1.4699e+23 kg with radius
2270e+03 and for every 3000 kg/m^3. How many Gravitins exist in this region?
Answer is about 3.417e+24 Gravitins.[1,2,3,4]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
My father Late Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London) was
the first regular appointee of Andhra University at Waltair and was
appointed in the year 1932. He met Jeypore Vikram Deo and requested him to donate
the building of Science and Technology in the year 1931. In those days, only
from 11AM to 3PM people used to visit the Waltair area, due to thefts and
possible murders by mischievous and arrogant people. Prof.K.R.Rao (as fondly
he was referred) used to walk to the university, along the beach coast road,
(built by British for movement of their military arms and machinery), to reach
the Andhra University in Waltair. He first built a DC generator, for his
spectroscopy work continued from London, Berlin, Sweden(Uppsala) and earlier
Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam. After about 9 months, another lecturer was
appointed. Since those days the appointed VC, more concerned of getting a
Nobel Prize by a recommendation and sequel to it the researches of
Prof.K.R.Rao were delayed and not supported financially. Prof. K.R.Rao's
researches were delayed and destructed. Only the year 1949, when he became
the Principal of Andhra University, he developed in about 8 years time, from
a megre 8 to neatly 49 departments. Because of excessive administrative
and research work he suffered a heart attack, in the year 1957, month of
June. He left the Principalship, and devoted to his amazing extraordinary
research work and covered the entire Electromagnetic Spectrum from the Cosmic
Rays research to the Radio Waves investigations.
His wife, my mother, Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Kotcherlakota has found out that the
meteorites when they fall on Earth they produce extraordinary people of discovery.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I am indebted to Late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc.(Madras). D.Sc.(London) for his sustained
interest and encouragement to publish my thoughts on the Universe and its manifestation.
I am also indebted to Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Rao for her support and help
to codify my thoughts and she told me about the life descendancy by meteorites etc.
=======================================================================
REFERENCES:
1. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 10 May, 2019:
2. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 30 May, 2019:
(lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com sent by Dwaraka Digitals
dwaraka_ddx@yahoo.co.in)
3. DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE: Kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com
4. 17 Jun. 2019: arXiv:1906.07262v1 [astro-ph.HE]: Superheavy Gravitinos
and Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays: Krzysztof A. Meissner and Hermann Nicolai.
"via gravitino anti-gravitino annihilation in the ‘skin’ of neutron stars."
=================================================================
ADDENDUM:
TRANSLATED FROM TELUGU SCRIPT [1,2].
1. This life worship, blessed Rangadhama,
Scientific genius myself, Universe success,
Shinening my flare in Telugu, Andhra Universe,
Poetic dream light, Andhra splendid glory,
Andhra wisdom myself, universal countries glow.
2. Vishnu chakra srusti blessed, electron chakri Rangadhama,
Earth's revolution in it, Gravitons collection,
Earth, liquidity decides, how many gravitons,
Liquidity immeasurable, Gravitons deliberate,
This is Lakshminarayana, Number thunder,
Kotcherlakota asserts, "ko" involved gravitons,
Universal acclaim this "ko", decides the creation.
====================================================================
Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700017,
The Indian Science Congress Association
The 107th session: year 2020
PHYSICS SESSION HELD ON JAN. 5, 2020.
=========================================================
EARTH CENTERED GRAVITINS IN THE INNER AND THE OUTER CORES
by
Prof.Dr. Kotcherlakota Lakshminarayana
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com,
17-11-10, Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta. P.O.,
Visakhapatnam-530002, AP.
Cell: 9491902867
ABSTRACT
Both the Inner and the Outer cores of the Earth are considered to have the
Gravitins, a totally new concept. The Inner core, with radius 1216 km, has
the Iron, Nickel, Sulphur and Magnesium with 10% other minor metals and has
the mass 13000 kg/m^3 with density 0.98e+23 kg. It has about 2.277e+24
Gravitins. On the other hand, the Outer core, with a radius of 2270 km, has
only smaller mass of 3000 kg/m^3 with density 1.47 kg, in a liquid state. Both the Inner and the Outer cores, have freely moving 4s^2, 4s^2, 3s^2, 3s^2 electrons
and both the cores are devoid of any magnetic field. Outer core has about
3.4167e+24 Gravitins. The freely moving electrons are combined
with the Gravitins.
Keywords: Gravitins, electrons, minor metals.
INTRODUCTION:
EARLIER VIEW:
Gravitation bound Earth revolving round the Sun,
Several Suns innumerable in Akashganga, Akasha-ganagalu several,
Gravitation bound Earth-like objects, Gravitons collection,
Akashganagalu also bound gravitation, Quasars, Akasha-ganagalu,
Black holes collective Universe.
From the Earth surface 30 to 65 km gravitation,
9.8ms^2, but till 2885 km its power is 10.7m/s^2, after that it
falls down. From 2885 km to 6166 km after that till 5155 km
and from thence till 6371 km its power is reduced to 0.0m/s^2,
after that it is null and void. This is the old thought presented.
Earth's radius is 6378 km, while polar radius is 6357.8km.
Revolving Earth gives the day and night view of the Earth.
Its revolution is 23h56m with orbital speed of 29.78km/s.
Axis is tilted by about 23.4392811 angle, and orbital speed is
365.256363004 days, its density is 5.97e+24 kg.
PRESENT VIEW:
My Model of Newer Gravitins existing inside, the outer and the inner volume
areas of the Earth, need to be gauged with the object of visualising
the Earth's gravity concept.
MY MODEL:
EARTH GRAVITINS BOTH THE INNER AND THE OUTER CORES.
A. Inner core of 1216 km radius, it has Iron, Nickel,(both 90%) and also
Sulphur and Magnesium and other metals. Inner core has about 13000 kg/m^3
and has a density of about 0.98e+23kg. My model, considers it to be
bestowed with 4s^2, 4s^2, 3s^2, 3s^2, electrons collection. Earth centered
Gravitin avoids Magnetic Fields, that is why inside the Inner surface the
Gravitins exist. The eight electrons move independently and with no constrains
on them. That is why inside the Inner core these electrons exist but mostly
bound with the Gravitins. With these Iron, Nickel, Sulphur and Magnesium along
with the other minor constituents of metals. The inner core density is
about 0.9791e+23 kg, Radius 1216 km, 13000 kg/m^3, so how
many Gtavitins exist? Answer: 2.277e+24 Gravitins.[1,2,3,4]
B. The Outer core radius is about 2270 km. Liquefied Iron, Nickel(both 90%)
and Sulphur and Magnesium and other elements mostly metals constitute about
10%. They account for 3000 kg/m^3 with density of about 1.47e+23kg. According
to my thoughts these also have 4s^2, 4s^2, 3s^2, 3s^2, electrons a collective
assortment. Earth's Gravitins expel the magnetic field outside the Outer core.
The eight electrons move around independently, of course, combined with
Gravitins. They have mass 55.845, 58.6934, 32.005 and 24.305 amu and others
very small. The external circle density is about 1.4699e+23 kg with radius
2270e+03 and for every 3000 kg/m^3. How many Gravitins exist in this region?
Answer is about 3.417e+24 Gravitins.[1,2,3,4]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
My father Late Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao D.Sc.(Madras) D.Sc.(London) was
the first regular appointee of Andhra University at Waltair and was
appointed in the year 1932. He met Jeypore Vikram Deo and requested him to donate
the building of Science and Technology in the year 1931. In those days, only
from 11AM to 3PM people used to visit the Waltair area, due to thefts and
possible murders by mischievous and arrogant people. Prof.K.R.Rao (as fondly
he was referred) used to walk to the university, along the beach coast road,
(built by British for movement of their military arms and machinery), to reach
the Andhra University in Waltair. He first built a DC generator, for his
spectroscopy work continued from London, Berlin, Sweden(Uppsala) and earlier
Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam. After about 9 months, another lecturer was
appointed. Since those days the appointed VC, more concerned of getting a
Nobel Prize by a recommendation and sequel to it the researches of
Prof.K.R.Rao were delayed and not supported financially. Prof. K.R.Rao's
researches were delayed and destructed. Only the year 1949, when he became
the Principal of Andhra University, he developed in about 8 years time, from
a megre 8 to neatly 49 departments. Because of excessive administrative
and research work he suffered a heart attack, in the year 1957, month of
June. He left the Principalship, and devoted to his amazing extraordinary
research work and covered the entire Electromagnetic Spectrum from the Cosmic
Rays research to the Radio Waves investigations.
His wife, my mother, Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Kotcherlakota has found out that the
meteorites when they fall on Earth they produce extraordinary people of discovery.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I am indebted to Late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc.(Madras). D.Sc.(London) for his sustained
interest and encouragement to publish my thoughts on the Universe and its manifestation.
I am also indebted to Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Rao for her support and help
to codify my thoughts and she told me about the life descendancy by meteorites etc.
=======================================================================
REFERENCES:
1. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 10 May, 2019:
2. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 30 May, 2019:
(lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com sent by Dwaraka Digitals
dwaraka_ddx@yahoo.co.in)
3. DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE: Kotcherlakota_l_n@hotmail.com
4. 17 Jun. 2019: arXiv:1906.07262v1 [astro-ph.HE]: Superheavy Gravitinos
and Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays: Krzysztof A. Meissner and Hermann Nicolai.
"via gravitino anti-gravitino annihilation in the ‘skin’ of neutron stars."
=================================================================
ADDENDUM:
TRANSLATED FROM TELUGU SCRIPT [1,2].
1. This life worship, blessed Rangadhama,
Scientific genius myself, Universe success,
Shinening my flare in Telugu, Andhra Universe,
Poetic dream light, Andhra splendid glory,
Andhra wisdom myself, universal countries glow.
2. Vishnu chakra srusti blessed, electron chakri Rangadhama,
Earth's revolution in it, Gravitons collection,
Earth, liquidity decides, how many gravitons,
Liquidity immeasurable, Gravitons deliberate,
This is Lakshminarayana, Number thunder,
Kotcherlakota asserts, "ko" involved gravitons,
Universal acclaim this "ko", decides the creation.
====================================================================
Fig.3a SBI Receipt paid Rs.900/- for Food
ISC 2020 Bengaluru on 14 Nov. 2019.
Fig.4 At I S C Bengaluru Dining Table.
Fig.5 An invention by Master Joshi Miland of
Bengaluru of a milk spill over prevention unit.
Designed by TANMAY doing
3 year of B.Des.(Bachelor of Design) course at
PES University.
Designed by TANMAY doing
3 year of B.Des.(Bachelor of Design) course at
PES University.
Fig.6 Miland Joshi of Bengaluru.
Fig. 7 TANMAY with his invention at PES university,
Bengaluru, Designed by TANMAY doing
3 year of B.Des.(Bachelor of Design) course at
PES University.
Bengaluru, Designed by TANMAY doing
3 year of B.Des.(Bachelor of Design) course at
PES University.
Fig.7a Miland Joshi and his family at his residence.
Fig.7c A remarkable mirror that views to infinity
at Miland Joshi residence.
Fig.7d Miland Joshi Booklet
of his enterprize.
Fig.7e Miland Joshi Booklet
of his enterprize.
on 9 Jan. 2020.
WiFi set for village folks an invention at rural place.
Exhibit at I S C 107
Exhibit at I S C 107
Exhibit of Nuclear Reactor
Children enjoying the light display of Shiva Linga
Children enjoying the light display of Shiva Linga
A Blown air Bubble of majestic size
WiFi set up rural India made by villagers of range 150 meters
WiFi set up rural India made by villagers of range 150 meters
WiFi set up rural India made by villagers of range 150 meters
At a display of 107 I S C with my friend
The young entrepreneur with her Food Products
A satellite part flown into sky by
OSRAM college staff.
My paper on Earth Centered Gravitins
in the Inner and the Outer Cores.
My paper on Earth Centered Gravitins
in the Inner and the Outer Cores
My paper on Earth Centered Gravitins
in the Inner and the Outer Cores
My paper on Earth Centered Gravitins
in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Delegates interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With delegates interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Movie
With a delegate interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With a delegate interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Delegates interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With a delegate interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With a delegate interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With a delegate interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With delegates interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With a delegate interested in My paper on
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
With K V Lakshmi of Dept of Physics
Ideal College of Arts and Sciences Kakinada E.G. Dt. AP
With K V Lakshmi of Dept of Physics
Ideal College of Arts and Sciences Kakinada E.G. Dt. AP
With K V Lakshmi of Dept of Physics
Ideal College of Arts and Sciences Kakinada E.G. Dt. AP
My paper with the President of I S C Physics Section on
5 Jan 2020
At venue in I S C 107 with other delegates
At venue in I S C 107 with other delegates
Photo of the couple Joshi and his wife at their residence
in Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020 morning around 10AM
Photo of the couple Joshi and his wife at their residence
in Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020 morning around 10AM
Residence of Joshi at Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020
Residence of Joshi at Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020
projection onto the ceiling by his palm projectorby Dr. Joshi.
projection of laptop view by palm projector
projection onto the ceiling by his palm projectorby Dr. Joshi.
Food pack given by Mohini Joshi
at Bengaluru
Food pack given by Mohini Joshi
at Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020.
Fig.9 Kanaka MahaLakshmi Visakhapatnam
Milk poured display amazing. Full Moon Day.
=================================================================
PM at inauguration of 107 I S C at
Bengaluru.
Ros Magnificent lady made it possible for me to attend the PM inaugural address at the I S C 107 in Bengaluru, on 3 Jan 2020. Her phone number is 09535312479. I am extremely grateful to her, She waited till the PM function was completed though she is fortunate to see him entering the Venue. I collected my bag from her and expressed my gratitude.
PM at inauguration of 107 I S C at
Bengaluru.
PM at inauguration of 107 I S C at
Bengaluru.
PM at inauguration of 107 I S C at
Bengaluru.
PM at inauguration of 107 I S C at
Bengaluru
PM at inauguration of 107 I S C at
Bengaluru
A Lion image show at the exhibition
The young entrepreneur with her Food Products
and her loving parents and enhanced Protein content.
OSRAM college staff.
in the Inner and the Outer Cores.
in the Inner and the Outer Cores
in the Inner and the Outer Cores
in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Earth Centered Gravitins in the Inner and the Outer Cores
Ideal College of Arts and Sciences Kakinada E.G. Dt. AP
Ideal College of Arts and Sciences Kakinada E.G. Dt. AP
Ideal College of Arts and Sciences Kakinada E.G. Dt. AP
5 Jan 2020
in Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020 morning around 10AM
in Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020 morning around 10AM
 |
| projection onto the ceiling by his palm projector by Dr. Joshi. |
Food pack given by Mohini Joshi
at Bengaluru
at Bengaluru on 8 Jan 2020.
Milk poured display amazing. Full Moon Day.
L1330 Life Member of ISCA.
Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700017, The Indian Science Congress Association, The 107th session: year 2020 MATHEMATICS SESSION (including STATISTICS) HELD IN JAN. 3-7, 2020.
DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE
by
Kotcherlakota_l_n
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com,
17-11-10,Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta. P.O.,
Visakhapatnam-530002, AP.
Cell: 9491902867
ABSTRACT
Dust events all over the Universe is scintillating. I have formulated the description of the Dust in the universe by several degrees of variants. I have introduced newer constants that would take care of the variety of dust events in the Universe. From the desert land of Earth, to the Mars, Titan and various global entities of Universe, including the Galaxies, Superstars, and the vast expanse of free space in between the galaxies, the dust occurrence is described with the help of the concomitant structures. In my opinion the Universe began with a distribution of dust. Dust grains on Earth surface (0.2mm, Mars 0.1mm,Titan 0.01mm)x10^-2 or even x10^-3 size. The glowing reddish-orange, sky in Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada, recently on June 15/16, 2019, is due to the fine dust particles engulfing the Earth at low altitudes, the scattered light indeed reflected the reddish-orange glow and Moon was found subdued of its glow by 60% and was hazy at 8PM. The tiny grains, each 10,000 times smaller than the eye of a needle, absorb light, scatter it, or change its wavelength in Saturn so it’s invisible to the eye.
DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE
L1330 Life Member of ISCA. Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700017,
Indian Science Congress Association, The 107th session: year 2020 MATHEMATICS SESSION HELD IN JAN. 3-7, 2020.
DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE
by
Kotcherlakota_l_n
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com,
Visakhapatnam-530002. AP.
DETAILS:
PRESOLAR DUST GRAINS:
By studying the dust up close, the team of researchers could measure the levels of magnesium found in these presolar dust grains, or grains that originated before the sun existed. The results showed that a fraction of the dust could not have been formed by red giant stars and, therefore, must have come from supernova explosions instead. When our universe came into being – some 13.8 billion years ago, my observation that the universe is born with dust. The galaxies are made out of fine dust collections and the gases evolved later.
That’s why the discovery of a dust-filled galaxy in the early universe is revealing to astronomers. It indicates to them that galaxies became quickly enriched with dust containing elements such as carbon and oxygen – the raw materials that go into making planets. The dust in our universe – smoke-like particles made up of either carbon (fine soot) or silicates (fine sand) – originates in stars. It’s synthesized by the thermonuclear fusion process that allows stars to shine. Later, the dust is driven out into space when massive stars die and explode as supernovae.
SPACE BETWEEN STARS:
In the space between the stars, dust gathers in clouds along with gas, and these clouds are the birthplaces of new stars and (presumably) their planets. The dust is comprised mainly of elements such as carbon, silicon, magnesium, iron and oxygen, ingredients that go into making up planets like our Earth.
DUST STORMS
Dust storms of May 2018, in northern India, have contributed to the deteriorating air quality in the region and the capital city of Delhi, with implications for human health.the first of which occurred on May 2 and May 3, the second on May 7-8, and the third on May 12-13. The high death toll from the severe dust storms that lashed across the region a year ago was mainly attributed to the intense winds.
Dust storms commonly occur in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the fertile plains in northern India that stretch all the way to the east, from March to May, the pre-monsoon season. Westerly winds typically bring loose sand and soil particles, picked up from the Arabian Peninsula or the Thar Desert in northwestern India, to the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The dust tends to worsen air quality over the Indo-Gangetic Plains. PM 2.5, fine particulate matter with a diameter of .5 micrometers or below, and PM 10, coarser particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller. A particle with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers is about 30 times smaller than the diameter of an average human hair. most dust storm that sweep across northern India during the pre-monsoon season, subjected to continuous dust-laden winds from the Thar during these months as Jaipur is directly in line with the Thar. Sadhvi Pragya complained about dust in the courtroom. "There is no space to breathe...Yahan jhadoo nahi lagti kya?" she said. India witnessed recently a dust storm moved over to New Delhi along with a rainfall. Apart from the dust events on the land the dust events occur also in the upper atmosphere in India. Dust in the upper atmosphere does produce the FAR INFRA RED incidence on the Earth. The reason why many cities exhibit enormous enhanced high temperatures, like the one today (1 Jun, 2019) in Delhi with temperature flying to 48C. Mars exhibited a dust storm that survived over several months. Recently the Titan dust storm was also recorded. Dust released from heavenly bodies like the Quasars, Super-heavy stars and the like with many variants, engulf the vast expanse of space with Dust. Presumably, suggested gas formations accompanying the Dust evolution is concomitant.
Dust is a powerful, but invisible, force. It shapes Earth’s environment in ways that few people realize. Every year, three to four billion tons of dust is lifted into the air around the world by wind. Once airborne, this dust can travel thousands of kms.
UNIVERSE IS A DUSTY PLACE:
The researchers analyzed the chemical makeup of several grains of stardust, drawing conclusions about the cosmic origins of those grains. The dust that formed our solar system 4.6 billion years ago contains a small but important fraction (about 1%) more supernova dust than anticipated. The Universe is a very dusty place. Cosmic dust consists of tiny particles of solid material floating around in the space between the stars. It is not the same as the dust you find in your house but more like smoke with small particles varying from collections of just a few molecules to grains of 0.1x10^-3 mm in size. Cosmic dust, which collects in galaxies in loose fogs or thick clouds, has often plagued astronomers. The tiny grains, each 10,000 times smaller than the eye of a needle, absorb light, scatter it, or change its wavelength so it’s invisible to the eye. In doing so, dust steals some of the few clues we have to understand the nature of the universe. It plants the seeds for stars, planets, and life as we know it. It’s easier for the atoms to latch onto a piece of relatively big, slow dust. There, on the dust’s surface, two atoms can form a bond, making forming the first building blocks of a star. Specks of dust collide, and as their gravity increases, they pull more dust and gas onto their surface, accreting material. Over time, they become pebbles, then boulders and, sometimes, a few million years later, planets.
BLACK BODY DUST:
A priori, any transient or periodic dust structure can be optically thick or optically thin, but it's noteworthy that black body dust with T=1000K will orbit near 1.46 Radius and thus somewhat outside the stellar-Roche limit (for GD 56 asteroid-like bodies with density 3gcm^-3 should disrupt only within 0.9 Radius) Before exploring possible mechanisms for dust production and depletion around GD56 and other dusty white dwarfs, it is best to establish some theoretical context. Neverthless, the decay trend seen in the data for GD56 is well within the family of prediction based on these models, and while solutions are degenerate, roughly speaking the model sets that can reproduce the Infrared data have dust and gas production rates in excess of 10^12 g s^-1 and total belt masses in excess of 10^23 g. Blackbody dust T=1000K will orbit near 1.46 radius with density 3gcm^-3. With optically thin material at r=3.3 radius at T=1100K dust emission 10^4 to 10^7 years. Infra Red emission in dusty white dwarf systems likely for flat disks in solids [1].
DUST AROUND HUGE BLACK HOLES:
ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer has gathered the most ((Phys.org), detailed observations ever of the dust around the huge black hole at the centre of an active galaxy. Rather than finding all of the dust in a doughnut-shaped torus around the black hole, astronomers find that much of it is located above and below the torus. These observations show that dust is being pushed away from the black hole as a cool wind, a surprising finding. Although the hot dust—at some 700 to 1000C is indeed in a torus as expected, they found huge amounts of cooler dust above and below this main torus. The newly-discovered dust forms a cool wind streaming outwards from the black hole. Supermassive black holes to grow and evolve within galaxies, but the presence of a dusty wind adds a new piece to this picture.
EARTH, MARS AND TITAN DUST STORMS:
Data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft has revealed what appear to be giant dust storms in equatorial regions of Saturn's Moon Titan. The discovery, described in a paper published on Sept. 24 in Nature Geoscience, makes Titan the third Solar System body, in addition to Earth and Mars, where dust storms have been observed.
EARTH ACCRETES DUST PARTICLES:
The Earth accretes about 40,000 tons of dust particles from space each year, originating mostly from disintegrating comets and asteroid collisions. This dust is a subject of intense interest because it is made of the original building blocks of the solar system, planets, and our bodies. The mineral was surrounded by multiple layers of other minerals that also have been reported only in extraterrestrial rocks. There have been 4,324 minerals identified by the International Mineralogical Association, or IMA. This find adds one more mineral to that list.
BLUISH REGIONS ARE DUST CLOUDS:
This image from VISTA shows the region of reflection nebula M78 in the constellation Orion. The bluish regions are dust clouds reflecting and scattering visible light in our direction. The faint red stars in the process of formation, invisible to normal telescopes, are the ones VISTA revealed. Researchers have seen newborn red stars dimly shining from the cocoons of dust and gas out of which they formed. Fortunately, dust does not block near-infrared radiation as it does visible light, so the telescope can image small, cool stars.The target was Messier 78 (M78), the sky’s brightest reflection nebula. Such objects, composed of dust and ultra-cold gas, eventually become star-forming regions. M78 lies some 1,600 light-years away in the constellation Orion the Hunter. The dust that reflection nebulae contain reflects and scatters visible light, especially short-wavelength light like blue, which gives these objects their characteristic color. The same phenomenon is responsible for a clear sky on Earth being blue. Their red and yellow colors are the telltale signs shown in the image the telescope captured.
FOUNTAIN OF DUST:
Last year, a fountain of dust was spotted streaming from Rosetta’s comet, prompting the question: how was it powered? Scientists now suggest the outburst was driven from inside the comet, perhaps released from ancient gas vents or pockets of hidden ice.
The plume was seen by ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft on 3 July 2016, just a few months before the end of the mission and as Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko was heading away from the Sun at a distance of almost 500 million km. We saw a bright plume of dust blowing away from the surface like a fountain. It lasted for roughly an hour, producing around 18 kg of dust every second. Alongside a steep increase in the number of dust particles flowing from the comet, Rosetta also detected tiny grains of water-ice.
DUST AROUND STARS:
Newly discovered (Mar 6, 2018 1:00 PM (EST)), vast, complex dust structure, about 150 billion miles across, envelopes the young star HR 4796A. Finding lots of dust around stars may not sound like anything astronomers would get excited about. The universe is a dusty place. But dust around a young star can be evidence that planet formation is taking place. This isn’t a new idea. In 1755, German Philosopher Immanuel Kant first proposed that planets formed around our Sun in a debris disk of gas and dust. Astronomers imagined that this process might take place around other stars. In this recent image, Hubble uncovers a vast, complex dust structure, about 150 billion miles across, enveloping the young star HR 4796A.
A bright, narrow inner ring of dust is already known to encircle the star, based on much earlier Hubble photographs. It may have been corralled by the gravitational pull of an unseen giant planet. This newly discovered huge dust structure around the system may have implications for what this yet-unseen planetary system looks like around the 8-million-year-old star, which is in its formative years of planet construction.
BROWNLEEITE:
NASA researchers and scientists from the United States, Germany and Japan found this new mineral in material that likely came from a comet. The mineral, a manganese silicide named Brownleeite, was discovered within an interplanetary dust particle (IDP) that appears to have originated from comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup. He predicted comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup was a source of dust grains that could be captured in Earth's stratosphere at a specific time of the year.
DUST GRAINS:
The Cassini spacecraft is the size of a school bus and is loaded with all kinds of detectors to analyze the mighty planet Saturn, its atmosphere, moons, rings, and environment. Apropos of that last bit, one instrument, the Cosmic Dust Analyzer, was designed to let tiny grains of matter slam into it, so it can analyze their composition, mass, and even how fast they were going. "But 36 of these dust grains stand out. Why? Because they came from interstellar space."
DUST IN STARS AND BROWN DWARFS:
Dust is important because we find lots of it around young stars. In fact it helps them to form, and it is also the raw material from which planets like the Earth are formed. Dust is formed in stars and is then blown off in a slow wind or a massive star explosion. The dust is then 'recycled' in the clouds of gas between stars and some of it is consumed when the next generation of stars begins to form. Millimeter-size dust grains — 100 to 1,000 times larger than the dust grains expected — have been spotted around a few select stars and brown dwarfs, suggesting that these particles may be more abundant than previous thought. Now, observations of the Orion nebula show a new object that may also be brimming with these pebble-size grains.
DUST A NUISANCE:
Astronomers used to consider dust as a nuisance, because it absorbs the visible light from objects, keeping them hidden from our optical telescopes making the Universe appears very dark and hiding a lot of interesting things from us. But these dusty clouds have silver linings, however. When astronomers started to use infrared cameras, they discovered that the annoying cosmic dust is actually very interesting and important to lots of astronomical processes. The dust converts the stolen starlight it absorbs into light at longer wavelengths. Astronomers can see the dust shining using special instruments sensitive to the far-infrared and submillimetre part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Herschel is designed to work at these wavelengths, and will be able to see the dust shining at temperatures between 8 and 100 K.
DUST ABSORBS AND SCATTERS:
The interstellar medium is pervaded by dust. Dust absorbs and scatters the UV and optical light and re-emits in the IR, hence modifying our view of galaxies. The advent of modern infrared and sub-mm facilities has revolutionized studies of dust in a wide range of astrophysical environments. May 11, 2019 · 08:30 pm .
==========================================================
REFERENCES:
1. Farihi et al., 2016 arXiV:1808.09967vI[astro-ph.EP]Dt.29/8/2018.
2. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 10 May, 2019:
3. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 30 May, 2019:
(lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com sent by Dwaraka Digitals
dwaraka_ddx@yahoo.co.in)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I am indebted to Late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc. (London) for his sustained interest and encouragement to publish my thoughts on the Universe and its manifestation. I am also indebted to Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Rao for her support and help to codify my thoughts and she told me about the life descendancy by meteorites etc.
=============================================================
The above Maths Paper has been collected by a Lady volunteer at the venue of Mathematics and Statistics section at Bengaluru I S C sessions, on the Jan 5, 2020. Could be Anjan 939067618.
==============================================================
NEWS:
Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700017, The Indian Science Congress Association, The 107th session: year 2020 MATHEMATICS SESSION (including STATISTICS) HELD IN JAN. 3-7, 2020.
DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE
by
Kotcherlakota_l_n
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com,
17-11-10,Narasimha Ashram, Official Colony, Maharanipeta. P.O.,
Visakhapatnam-530002, AP.
Cell: 9491902867
ABSTRACT
Dust events all over the Universe is scintillating. I have formulated the description of the Dust in the universe by several degrees of variants. I have introduced newer constants that would take care of the variety of dust events in the Universe. From the desert land of Earth, to the Mars, Titan and various global entities of Universe, including the Galaxies, Superstars, and the vast expanse of free space in between the galaxies, the dust occurrence is described with the help of the concomitant structures. In my opinion the Universe began with a distribution of dust. Dust grains on Earth surface (0.2mm, Mars 0.1mm,Titan 0.01mm)x10^-2 or even x10^-3 size. The glowing reddish-orange, sky in Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada, recently on June 15/16, 2019, is due to the fine dust particles engulfing the Earth at low altitudes, the scattered light indeed reflected the reddish-orange glow and Moon was found subdued of its glow by 60% and was hazy at 8PM. The tiny grains, each 10,000 times smaller than the eye of a needle, absorb light, scatter it, or change its wavelength in Saturn so it’s invisible to the eye.
DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE
L1330 Life Member of ISCA. Dr. Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata-700017,
Indian Science Congress Association, The 107th session: year 2020 MATHEMATICS SESSION HELD IN JAN. 3-7, 2020.
DUST DYNAMICS OF THE UNIVERSE
by
Kotcherlakota_l_n
trusciencetrutechnology@blogspot.com,
Visakhapatnam-530002. AP.
DETAILS:
PRESOLAR DUST GRAINS:
By studying the dust up close, the team of researchers could measure the levels of magnesium found in these presolar dust grains, or grains that originated before the sun existed. The results showed that a fraction of the dust could not have been formed by red giant stars and, therefore, must have come from supernova explosions instead. When our universe came into being – some 13.8 billion years ago, my observation that the universe is born with dust. The galaxies are made out of fine dust collections and the gases evolved later.
That’s why the discovery of a dust-filled galaxy in the early universe is revealing to astronomers. It indicates to them that galaxies became quickly enriched with dust containing elements such as carbon and oxygen – the raw materials that go into making planets. The dust in our universe – smoke-like particles made up of either carbon (fine soot) or silicates (fine sand) – originates in stars. It’s synthesized by the thermonuclear fusion process that allows stars to shine. Later, the dust is driven out into space when massive stars die and explode as supernovae.
SPACE BETWEEN STARS:
In the space between the stars, dust gathers in clouds along with gas, and these clouds are the birthplaces of new stars and (presumably) their planets. The dust is comprised mainly of elements such as carbon, silicon, magnesium, iron and oxygen, ingredients that go into making up planets like our Earth.
DUST STORMS
Dust storms of May 2018, in northern India, have contributed to the deteriorating air quality in the region and the capital city of Delhi, with implications for human health.the first of which occurred on May 2 and May 3, the second on May 7-8, and the third on May 12-13. The high death toll from the severe dust storms that lashed across the region a year ago was mainly attributed to the intense winds.
Dust storms commonly occur in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the fertile plains in northern India that stretch all the way to the east, from March to May, the pre-monsoon season. Westerly winds typically bring loose sand and soil particles, picked up from the Arabian Peninsula or the Thar Desert in northwestern India, to the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The dust tends to worsen air quality over the Indo-Gangetic Plains. PM 2.5, fine particulate matter with a diameter of .5 micrometers or below, and PM 10, coarser particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or smaller. A particle with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers is about 30 times smaller than the diameter of an average human hair. most dust storm that sweep across northern India during the pre-monsoon season, subjected to continuous dust-laden winds from the Thar during these months as Jaipur is directly in line with the Thar. Sadhvi Pragya complained about dust in the courtroom. "There is no space to breathe...Yahan jhadoo nahi lagti kya?" she said. India witnessed recently a dust storm moved over to New Delhi along with a rainfall. Apart from the dust events on the land the dust events occur also in the upper atmosphere in India. Dust in the upper atmosphere does produce the FAR INFRA RED incidence on the Earth. The reason why many cities exhibit enormous enhanced high temperatures, like the one today (1 Jun, 2019) in Delhi with temperature flying to 48C. Mars exhibited a dust storm that survived over several months. Recently the Titan dust storm was also recorded. Dust released from heavenly bodies like the Quasars, Super-heavy stars and the like with many variants, engulf the vast expanse of space with Dust. Presumably, suggested gas formations accompanying the Dust evolution is concomitant.
Dust is a powerful, but invisible, force. It shapes Earth’s environment in ways that few people realize. Every year, three to four billion tons of dust is lifted into the air around the world by wind. Once airborne, this dust can travel thousands of kms.
UNIVERSE IS A DUSTY PLACE:
The researchers analyzed the chemical makeup of several grains of stardust, drawing conclusions about the cosmic origins of those grains. The dust that formed our solar system 4.6 billion years ago contains a small but important fraction (about 1%) more supernova dust than anticipated. The Universe is a very dusty place. Cosmic dust consists of tiny particles of solid material floating around in the space between the stars. It is not the same as the dust you find in your house but more like smoke with small particles varying from collections of just a few molecules to grains of 0.1x10^-3 mm in size. Cosmic dust, which collects in galaxies in loose fogs or thick clouds, has often plagued astronomers. The tiny grains, each 10,000 times smaller than the eye of a needle, absorb light, scatter it, or change its wavelength so it’s invisible to the eye. In doing so, dust steals some of the few clues we have to understand the nature of the universe. It plants the seeds for stars, planets, and life as we know it. It’s easier for the atoms to latch onto a piece of relatively big, slow dust. There, on the dust’s surface, two atoms can form a bond, making forming the first building blocks of a star. Specks of dust collide, and as their gravity increases, they pull more dust and gas onto their surface, accreting material. Over time, they become pebbles, then boulders and, sometimes, a few million years later, planets.
BLACK BODY DUST:
A priori, any transient or periodic dust structure can be optically thick or optically thin, but it's noteworthy that black body dust with T=1000K will orbit near 1.46 Radius and thus somewhat outside the stellar-Roche limit (for GD 56 asteroid-like bodies with density 3gcm^-3 should disrupt only within 0.9 Radius) Before exploring possible mechanisms for dust production and depletion around GD56 and other dusty white dwarfs, it is best to establish some theoretical context. Neverthless, the decay trend seen in the data for GD56 is well within the family of prediction based on these models, and while solutions are degenerate, roughly speaking the model sets that can reproduce the Infrared data have dust and gas production rates in excess of 10^12 g s^-1 and total belt masses in excess of 10^23 g. Blackbody dust T=1000K will orbit near 1.46 radius with density 3gcm^-3. With optically thin material at r=3.3 radius at T=1100K dust emission 10^4 to 10^7 years. Infra Red emission in dusty white dwarf systems likely for flat disks in solids [1].
DUST AROUND HUGE BLACK HOLES:
ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer has gathered the most ((Phys.org), detailed observations ever of the dust around the huge black hole at the centre of an active galaxy. Rather than finding all of the dust in a doughnut-shaped torus around the black hole, astronomers find that much of it is located above and below the torus. These observations show that dust is being pushed away from the black hole as a cool wind, a surprising finding. Although the hot dust—at some 700 to 1000C is indeed in a torus as expected, they found huge amounts of cooler dust above and below this main torus. The newly-discovered dust forms a cool wind streaming outwards from the black hole. Supermassive black holes to grow and evolve within galaxies, but the presence of a dusty wind adds a new piece to this picture.
EARTH, MARS AND TITAN DUST STORMS:
Data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft has revealed what appear to be giant dust storms in equatorial regions of Saturn's Moon Titan. The discovery, described in a paper published on Sept. 24 in Nature Geoscience, makes Titan the third Solar System body, in addition to Earth and Mars, where dust storms have been observed.
EARTH ACCRETES DUST PARTICLES:
The Earth accretes about 40,000 tons of dust particles from space each year, originating mostly from disintegrating comets and asteroid collisions. This dust is a subject of intense interest because it is made of the original building blocks of the solar system, planets, and our bodies. The mineral was surrounded by multiple layers of other minerals that also have been reported only in extraterrestrial rocks. There have been 4,324 minerals identified by the International Mineralogical Association, or IMA. This find adds one more mineral to that list.
BLUISH REGIONS ARE DUST CLOUDS:
This image from VISTA shows the region of reflection nebula M78 in the constellation Orion. The bluish regions are dust clouds reflecting and scattering visible light in our direction. The faint red stars in the process of formation, invisible to normal telescopes, are the ones VISTA revealed. Researchers have seen newborn red stars dimly shining from the cocoons of dust and gas out of which they formed. Fortunately, dust does not block near-infrared radiation as it does visible light, so the telescope can image small, cool stars.The target was Messier 78 (M78), the sky’s brightest reflection nebula. Such objects, composed of dust and ultra-cold gas, eventually become star-forming regions. M78 lies some 1,600 light-years away in the constellation Orion the Hunter. The dust that reflection nebulae contain reflects and scatters visible light, especially short-wavelength light like blue, which gives these objects their characteristic color. The same phenomenon is responsible for a clear sky on Earth being blue. Their red and yellow colors are the telltale signs shown in the image the telescope captured.
FOUNTAIN OF DUST:
Last year, a fountain of dust was spotted streaming from Rosetta’s comet, prompting the question: how was it powered? Scientists now suggest the outburst was driven from inside the comet, perhaps released from ancient gas vents or pockets of hidden ice.
The plume was seen by ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft on 3 July 2016, just a few months before the end of the mission and as Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko was heading away from the Sun at a distance of almost 500 million km. We saw a bright plume of dust blowing away from the surface like a fountain. It lasted for roughly an hour, producing around 18 kg of dust every second. Alongside a steep increase in the number of dust particles flowing from the comet, Rosetta also detected tiny grains of water-ice.
DUST AROUND STARS:
Newly discovered (Mar 6, 2018 1:00 PM (EST)), vast, complex dust structure, about 150 billion miles across, envelopes the young star HR 4796A. Finding lots of dust around stars may not sound like anything astronomers would get excited about. The universe is a dusty place. But dust around a young star can be evidence that planet formation is taking place. This isn’t a new idea. In 1755, German Philosopher Immanuel Kant first proposed that planets formed around our Sun in a debris disk of gas and dust. Astronomers imagined that this process might take place around other stars. In this recent image, Hubble uncovers a vast, complex dust structure, about 150 billion miles across, enveloping the young star HR 4796A.
A bright, narrow inner ring of dust is already known to encircle the star, based on much earlier Hubble photographs. It may have been corralled by the gravitational pull of an unseen giant planet. This newly discovered huge dust structure around the system may have implications for what this yet-unseen planetary system looks like around the 8-million-year-old star, which is in its formative years of planet construction.
BROWNLEEITE:
NASA researchers and scientists from the United States, Germany and Japan found this new mineral in material that likely came from a comet. The mineral, a manganese silicide named Brownleeite, was discovered within an interplanetary dust particle (IDP) that appears to have originated from comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup. He predicted comet 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup was a source of dust grains that could be captured in Earth's stratosphere at a specific time of the year.
DUST GRAINS:
The Cassini spacecraft is the size of a school bus and is loaded with all kinds of detectors to analyze the mighty planet Saturn, its atmosphere, moons, rings, and environment. Apropos of that last bit, one instrument, the Cosmic Dust Analyzer, was designed to let tiny grains of matter slam into it, so it can analyze their composition, mass, and even how fast they were going. "But 36 of these dust grains stand out. Why? Because they came from interstellar space."
DUST IN STARS AND BROWN DWARFS:
Dust is important because we find lots of it around young stars. In fact it helps them to form, and it is also the raw material from which planets like the Earth are formed. Dust is formed in stars and is then blown off in a slow wind or a massive star explosion. The dust is then 'recycled' in the clouds of gas between stars and some of it is consumed when the next generation of stars begins to form. Millimeter-size dust grains — 100 to 1,000 times larger than the dust grains expected — have been spotted around a few select stars and brown dwarfs, suggesting that these particles may be more abundant than previous thought. Now, observations of the Orion nebula show a new object that may also be brimming with these pebble-size grains.
Fig.!a Saturn rings with pebble size grains.
Fig.1b The saturn colourful rings.
It contains long, dust-rich filaments. Since the particles are more efficient than expected at emitting at millimeter wavelengths, the grains are very likely to be at least a millimeter, and possibly as large as a centimeter across. The finding suggests that more interstellar dust formed from these massive star explosions. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Germany were able to measure the chemical composition of tiny grains of stardust by observing them with unprecedented resolution. DUST A NUISANCE:
Astronomers used to consider dust as a nuisance, because it absorbs the visible light from objects, keeping them hidden from our optical telescopes making the Universe appears very dark and hiding a lot of interesting things from us. But these dusty clouds have silver linings, however. When astronomers started to use infrared cameras, they discovered that the annoying cosmic dust is actually very interesting and important to lots of astronomical processes. The dust converts the stolen starlight it absorbs into light at longer wavelengths. Astronomers can see the dust shining using special instruments sensitive to the far-infrared and submillimetre part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Herschel is designed to work at these wavelengths, and will be able to see the dust shining at temperatures between 8 and 100 K.
DUST ABSORBS AND SCATTERS:
The interstellar medium is pervaded by dust. Dust absorbs and scatters the UV and optical light and re-emits in the IR, hence modifying our view of galaxies. The advent of modern infrared and sub-mm facilities has revolutionized studies of dust in a wide range of astrophysical environments. May 11, 2019 · 08:30 pm .
==========================================================
REFERENCES:
1. Farihi et al., 2016 arXiV:1808.09967vI[astro-ph.EP]Dt.29/8/2018.
2. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 10 May, 2019:
3. Telugu script "Na Namuna Bhukendra Gravitins" Dt: 30 May, 2019:
(lakshminarayana.kotcherlakota@gmail.com sent by Dwaraka Digitals
dwaraka_ddx@yahoo.co.in)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I am indebted to Late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc. (Madras). D.Sc. (London) for his sustained interest and encouragement to publish my thoughts on the Universe and its manifestation. I am also indebted to Late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Rao for her support and help to codify my thoughts and she told me about the life descendancy by meteorites etc.
=============================================================
The above Maths Paper has been collected by a Lady volunteer at the venue of Mathematics and Statistics section at Bengaluru I S C sessions, on the Jan 5, 2020. Could be Anjan 939067618.
==============================================================
NEWS:
Jan 12, 2020 19:25 IST: Flights halted at Manila airport as Philippine volcano spews ash. thousands of people living near Taal volcano, a popular tourist attraction set in the centre of a picturesque lake, were evacuated from their homes as it spewed ash, rumbled with earthquakes and lightning exploded above its crest.
Jan. 12, 2020: Cold-wave continues in Kashmir. Met forecasts rain, snow.
Jan. 13, 2020: 12:33 [IST]: Rain, snowfall wreak havoc in Pakistan, 14 killed in Balochistan.
Jan.13, 2020:NASA data revealed that the green growth around Mount Everest and vegetation at the height of 5000-5500 meters consistent with decline of temperature limited areas. Across four heights in 4100-6000 meters above sea level the in the Himalayan region growth taking place due to global warming.
Jan. 13, 2020: Vast expanse of the sands on the beach coast in Visakhapatnam near the Maharanipeta.
Jan. 14, 2020: Officials from New Delhi and Washington are in touch to work out mutually convenient dates for US President Donald Trump's visit to India on a standing invitation, a year after he expressed his inability to attend the Republic Day parade in the Indian capital, people aware of the developments said.
Jan. 12, 2020: Cold-wave continues in Kashmir. Met forecasts rain, snow.
Jan. 13, 2020: 12:33 [IST]: Rain, snowfall wreak havoc in Pakistan, 14 killed in Balochistan.
Jan.13, 2020:NASA data revealed that the green growth around Mount Everest and vegetation at the height of 5000-5500 meters consistent with decline of temperature limited areas. Across four heights in 4100-6000 meters above sea level the in the Himalayan region growth taking place due to global warming.
Jan. 13, 2020: Vast expanse of the sands on the beach coast in Visakhapatnam near the Maharanipeta.
Jan. 14, 2020: Officials from New Delhi and Washington are in touch to work out mutually convenient dates for US President Donald Trump's visit to India on a standing invitation, a year after he expressed his inability to attend the Republic Day parade in the Indian capital, people aware of the developments said.
Jan 14, 2020: 2:21PM:J&K: Ten lost their lives in multiple avalanches during past 48 hours. In Jammu & Kashmir, five security forces personnel and as many civilians lost their lives in multiple snow avalanches during past 48 hours at different places in north Kashmir’s Kupwara and central Kashmir’s Ganderbal districts.
Jan. 14, 2020: 16:55 IST: Deadly winter storm wreaks havoc across the Middle East, death toll in Pakistan and Afghanistan 54. Harsh Weather Kills More Than 120 People in PoK & Afghanistan.
Jan. 14. 2020: UAE is currently experiencing record-breaking rainfall accompanied by thunderstorm and lightning, reports Gulf News. On Friday, however, an unusual incident happened in Dubai during heavy rainfall, which can also be called every photographer’s dream! According to a report by NDTV, the world’s tallest building, the Burj Khalifa, was struck by a bolt of lightning. The incredible moment was captured by none other than the crown prince of Dubai, Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who took to Instagram to share a picture.
Jan. 15, 2020: Pongal is one of the most popular harvest festivals, associated with southern parts of the Indian subcontinent and celebrated by the diaspora around the globe. It marks the auspicious beginning of Uttarayan, which is the beginning of the sun's journey northwards. This four-day festival is generally celebrated in mid-January during the month of 'thai' when staple crops like rice are harvested and to show gratitude to mother nature. The festival can be traced back to the Sangam age (200 B.C.E -300 C.E). Pongal originated as a Dravidian festival and is mentioned in the Hindu religious texts of Sanskrit Puranas. The kolam is drawn to welcome the goddess Laxmi, who is believed to bring wealth, prosperity and happiness in the household.
Jan. 14, 2020: 16:55 IST: Deadly winter storm wreaks havoc across the Middle East, death toll in Pakistan and Afghanistan 54. Harsh Weather Kills More Than 120 People in PoK & Afghanistan.
Jan. 14. 2020: UAE is currently experiencing record-breaking rainfall accompanied by thunderstorm and lightning, reports Gulf News. On Friday, however, an unusual incident happened in Dubai during heavy rainfall, which can also be called every photographer’s dream! According to a report by NDTV, the world’s tallest building, the Burj Khalifa, was struck by a bolt of lightning. The incredible moment was captured by none other than the crown prince of Dubai, Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who took to Instagram to share a picture.
Jan. 15, 2020: Pongal is one of the most popular harvest festivals, associated with southern parts of the Indian subcontinent and celebrated by the diaspora around the globe. It marks the auspicious beginning of Uttarayan, which is the beginning of the sun's journey northwards. This four-day festival is generally celebrated in mid-January during the month of 'thai' when staple crops like rice are harvested and to show gratitude to mother nature. The festival can be traced back to the Sangam age (200 B.C.E -300 C.E). Pongal originated as a Dravidian festival and is mentioned in the Hindu religious texts of Sanskrit Puranas. The kolam is drawn to welcome the goddess Laxmi, who is believed to bring wealth, prosperity and happiness in the household.
Acknowledgment
The author, Professor Dr. K. Lakshmi Narayana is indebted to late Prof. K. R. Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) for his guidance and inspiration.. He is grateful to his mother late Mrs. Peramma Rangadhama Rao for her sustained interest in my ventures.
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