Weather
Scenario of Second Fortnight of DECEMBER 2011 in Visakhapatnam, Berhampur and
Bhubaneswar and Gravity Waves.
Volume
2011, Issue No.12, Dt. Saturday, December 31st, 2011 Time:11h40m05s.
Second
Fortnight of DECEMBER 2011 Weather Scenario in Visakhapatnam, Berhampur,
Bhubaneswar and Gravity Waves & Aurora Borealis.
by
Professor
Dr Kotcherlakota Lakshmi Narayana
{Retd.
Prof. of Phys, SU} 17-11-10, Narsimha Ashram, Official Colony,
Maharanipeta.P.O, Visakhapatnam-530002. Mobile No: 9542717723 and 9491902867
Key words: Earth tremors, Tropical cyclones, comet love joy, Venus
, Jupiter, Cloud spectra of SUN, gravity waves profile, Southern hemisphere
weather.
ABSTRACT:
Total Lunar Eclipse the weather has become one of a continued
winter with increasing cold and chilly mild winds. The upper atmosphere cold
weather has obviously affected the regions like those at Yerragondipalem
village creating the whirlpool dust spirals in view of the cold upper layers
and the warm land surface in the afternoons. Another interesting find is the Spectrum of
Venus has a bright broad spectral distribution unlike the sharp and extended
spectrum of the Jupiter. The spectrum of the Venus does indeed bring out the
predominant spectral features of the Carbon dioxide. an amazing capture of the onset of sea agitation of the Bay of Bengal on 24th
December 2011 morning at the time of Sun rise. The cloud hues and the cloud
patterns not only project out the Comet Lovejoy tail in the background of the
Aurora Borealis of the various constituents of the Lower atmosphere. The clouds
have been reshaped constantly by the mixed influence of the storm surge and the
gravity waves. The Sun spectrum on 30th
at Berhampur showed the clouds of tropical cyclone THANE scintillated with
green Aurora Borealis. The author noticed
that near the Charaka lake of Bhubaneswar, Odisha the clouds low lying were exhibiting
a gravity wave pattern.
INTRODUCTION:
India winter
Dense fog and dipping temperatures threw
normal life out of gear at several places in Punjab and in Uttar Pradesh since
Monday 19th Dec 2011 evening. Fatehgarh with a minimum temperature of 3.9
degrees was the coldest place in the state. Visibility dropped below 50 meters
and to almost zero in Palam area while it was around 200 meters at Safderjung.
The minimum temperature in Delhi was five degrees Celsius, three notches below
normal, while the maximum settled at 21.9 degrees, a notch below normal. Kashmir
valley has been reeling under a severe cold wave for the last fortnight and the
expected rain and snowfall are likely to bring relief by raising the night
temperatures which have remained much below the freezing point during this
period. The minimum temperature in Srinagar city on Monday was 3.4
degrees Celsius below the freezing point. It was minus 5.4 in the south Kashmir
hill station of Pahalgam, while the north Kashmir ski resort of Gulmarg saw the
mercury plummet to minus 6.8 degrees. Leh, Ladakh's capital town, was again the
coldest place in the state on Monday at minus 13.2 degrees while the Kargil
town also in the Ladakh region had a minimum of minus 12.0 degrees Celsius. Most
of the rain and snowfall in the valley during the winter months occurs because
of western disturbances. 'Western Disturbance' is a term used in India, Pakistan,
Nepal and Bangladesh describe an extra-tropical storm originating in the
Mediterranean Sea which results in sudden rain and snow in South Asia. Western
disturbances are important for the development of Rabi (winter) crops, such as
wheat in the region.
On 22nd Dec 2011, North Kashmir Gulmarg
touched -11.4 deg C and in south Kashmir has about -7.4deg C while in Ladhak it
is recorded -16.2deg C. In Kargil it is about -12.8deg C.In uttar Pradesh it is
recorded 2.6deg C minimum while Delhi it is about 6 deg C.
On 25th December 2011 Lambsinga recorded 1
degC (on 25th Dec 2008 it was 0 deg C) and Chinttapalli recorded
3.6deg C temperature. In Visakhapatnam District Sapparla, Chintapalli,
Lambasinga are in the agency area at a height of more than 3000feet above the
sea level it almost has the same temperatures as that in the North India. The
fog is very dense. On 26th December 2011 at around 10PM the dew
drops in the form water sprinkle tots were falling down. Ladak the temperature
is 16.2, Pilani 0.3, Srinagar -4.8, Haryana 0 (5 deg C less than the normal),
Amritsar 0.5deg C have been recorded. In Delhi unprecedented temperature of
2.9deg C has been recorded. In Himachala Pradesh the fog turned out falling
like cotton thread clusters layers and white scenario thrilled the people.Simla
there was no snow fall.
The coastal area between Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam
from the sea coast to the railway line (Chennai-Kolkata) was once part of the
Bay of Bengal the area was originally part of the sea millions of years ago.
The sea receded millions of years ago exposing the land up to the coastal
ridge, which is now the railway line. The salt content that is present in the
ground water was deposited when the sea was originally present. The salinity in the delta regions was
originally 10,000 mg per litre but because of the network of irrigation canals
and the two major flowing rivers, the salinity has come down to 6000 mg per
litre. The study was important to clear apprehensions about sea water intrusion as
the presence of sea water in delta areas impairs the quality of the freshwater
aquifers. The study area in the Godavari delta covered about 250 sq km. A
network of 32 observation wells was established in the area for monitoring
water level and water quality assessment. Thick marine clays exist 20-25 metres
from the surface. There may be some encroachment of sea water into freshwater
zones and infiltration during tidal fluctuation mainly through the Pikaleru
drain.
Aurorahunters
Mr.
Keen's company, Aurorahunters last week we saw one that had everything -
spiralling, curtains, ribbons, greens and reds, and the whole sky lit up. We
were amazed at what was unfolding before us. It's
the solar wind that is the determining factor. The longer nights begin to return in the autumn, and the snow usually
in October, though it was later this year. The fewer snow clouds in the sky it is better for the chasing the Aurora
abundance in colors and weird shapes. The
colour of that light is dependent upon which gases in the Earth's atmosphere -
oxygen, nitrogen, or some other - are being excited. And when the solar winds
are stronger and more 'gusty', the auroras will be more brilliant. according to Mr Kunches. "Solar
activity tends to increase rapidly every 11 years or so. According to our
predictions, we are about to enter in 2012 and 2013 a new wave of heightened
activity. That translates to more frequent auroras," he says.
Christmas weather
Christmas weather found to be unseasonably warm with highest
temperatures occurring in Scotland. But London, Bristol and the Midlands will
also stay mild. Flash flooding has been
reported on Cirencester Road in Charlton Kings, where the water was apparently
a foot deep, the A46 at Pains wick and on the B4226 in Cinderford, where mud
was sliding onto the road. Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, parts of Bedfordshire
and Northamptonshire and west Norfolk were in drought as water levels remained
low because of the very dry spring and autumn. The wet weather in
December has improved river flows and reservoir levels, but Leicestershire, Warwickshire
and Shropshire in the Midlands region and Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire,
East Sussex and Kent in the South East region have experienced low groundwater
levels for this time of the year.
Tropical Storm
Under the impact of the cyclonic storm,
high tidal waves damaged over 200 boats along the coast in the Visakhapatnam
and West Godavari districts on Monday night i.e. 26th December 2011
night. Officials said the waves washed away 50 boats. The incursion of sea
water on land was as much as 15 meters in some coastal villages. Sea conditions
have turned rough along the Andhra coast and are likely to remain so over the
next two to three days. The fishermen who ventured to sea have safely returned
to shore on the morning hours of Monday 26th Dec 2011. Fisherwomen take out a
procession towards the sea as part of 'Gangamma puja' to thank the water deity
for having saved their men folk from the Tsunami tide. high tidal waves of eight-10
feet, sea water inundated some places in Nellore, Prakasam and Srikakulam
districts. Fishing boats anchored along the coast were either washed away or
damaged due to the tidal waves since Tuesday night. The road between Uppada and
Kakinada in East Godavari was cut off on Wednesday as the waves damaged the
embankment and the sea water overflowed the beach road,
Puducherry:
Rough
conditions prevailed in the sea off the Puducherry coast as giant waves rising
to several metres above the normal level. Cyclone Thane which is due to hit the coast of Tamil
Nadu on Friday morning has raised fears about the safety of nuclear plants in
the state. Although the Kudankulam nuclear plant is at a safe distance from
cyclone landfall, authorities have concerns about the safety of the Kalpakkam
nuclear facilities.
Thane's fury was at its peak early this morning. At about 9 AM, the
cyclone made landfall between Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry on India's
eastern coastline. Winds, at speeds of 140 kph. Gigantic, furious waves washed up
great boulders onto the esplanade and raging winds smashed the doors of the
French Consulate with debris.
Washi a tropical storm in
Philippines caused floods that struck at an unholy
hour, 2:00 am when people were deep asleep on Saturday. Entire villages
were swept away by floodwaters. The cities Cagayan de Oro and Iligan city were devastated.
The sudden climate change had been the main factor in the unusual trajectory of
the storm. Northern Mindanao is not a
typhoon path. It affected the normal life in five other southern and
central provinces.
Updated 12/23/2011 9:22:00 AM ET
Northern Georgia as powerful storms roared across the area, damaging homes,
downing trees and knocking out power to thousands.
Tanzania’s Floods:
It is quite unusual to see that amount of
rain in this particular month. So this was much unexpected.
Blizzard Conditions: December 20, 2011 Christian Monitor:
Fierce winds and snow that caused fatal road accidents and
shuttered highways in five states, crawled deeper into the Great Plains early
Tuesday 20th December 2011, Texas Panhandle as blizzard conditions
forced closed part of Interstate 40, a major east-west route, Monday night.
About 10 inches of snow had fallen in western Kansas before dawn Tuesday and
several more inches along with strong wind gusts were expected, Snowpack and
icy conditions forced the closure of roadways across western and southwestern
Kansas, including a western section of the I-70, the main thoroughfare that
traverses the state. The late-autumn snowstorm lumbered into the region Monday,
turning roads to ice and reducing visibility to zero. The conditions put state
road crews on alert and had motorists taking refuge and early exits off major
roads across the region. In northern New Mexico, snow and ice shuttered all
roads from Raton to the Texas and Oklahoma borders about 90 miles away. The snow moved into the Oklahoma early Monday, and 1.5
inches accumulated in about an hour.
Many
of the areas hit Monday enjoyed relatively balmy 60-degree temperatures just 24
hours earlier. Pyongyang's snowy
main square Wednesday 21st Dec 2011.
A thick blanket of smog cloaked Delhi
on Monday 19th Dec 2011. So
when did the fog in Delhi get this bad? Analysts say the turning point was
1997. A cocktail of factors contributed: a shift in the land-use patterns,
increased pollution, and more moisture due to irrigation led to a drop in the
temperature by a few degrees and more fog between December and January, they
say. While fog does
plague other places, like London’s Heathrow Airport for instance, it lasts only
for a few days. In Delhi, it can last for 20 to 25 days. Mr. Jenamani said
Delhi is hard hit because of the city’s geographic location, the open space at
the airport, and the prevalent wind patterns. Cities
stretching from Amritsar to Kolkata also battle with fog, thanks to their own
geographic conditions and rising pollution. A
foggy day ( E. Jason Wambsgans, Chicago Tribune / December
21, 2011 ) Fog hangs over Lake Shore Drive Wednesday morning. Kashmiris
are enduring yet another winter without power. Many towns in Kashmir Valley get
power for only four-five hours a day. Kashmiris did not have the kangri
(earthen fire pot woven in willow wicker), I wonder how we would keep body and
soul together said an Indian. In Andhra Pradesh Chintapalli recorded lowest as
5.1deg C while at Lambasingi it was 2.3deg C on 23rd Dec 2011 with
maximum temperatures as 22 and 17 deg C respectively.
Since last three years the
temperatures averages are falling below the normal a Coast Guard Dornier aircraft from Visakhapatnam
has been launched from Santhapalli to Narsapur area for undertaking coastal
surveillance and assistance to fishermen in distress at sea.
FREEZING RAIN:
FREEZING RAIN:
The Gazette Wednesday, December 21,
2011: Freezing rain which By mid-afternoon
the Surete du Quebec has been worst affected.
5:07 p.m. CST,Thursday, December 22,
2011 DENVER (Reuters) - Snowfall in the
Rockies, strong winds in the West and soaking rain in the South caused problems
for holiday travelers on the first official day of winter, forecasters said on
Thursday. A snowstorm swept across Colorado overnight, dumping up to 10 inches
of snow in the Denver metropolitan area and up to two feet of snow in the
foothills west of the city, according to the National Weather Service.
Comet's tail wriggled:
Lovejoy was incredibly close to the Sun, closer to the Sun
than the Earth is to the Moon. What made the comet's tail wiggle so wildly in transit
through the sun's atmosphere? The effect is clear in this sequence of extreme
UV images recorded by NASA's STEREO-B spacecraft: Perhaps we're seeing material
in the tail magnetically 'clinging' to coronal loops and moving with them. Coronal
loops are huge loops of magnetism that emerge from the sun's surface and thread
the sun's atmosphere. The comet's
core must have been at least 500 meters in diameter; otherwise it couldn't have
survived so much solar heating," says Matthew Knight. "A significant
fraction of that mass would have been lost during the encounter. What's left is
probably much smaller than the original comet.” The
comet's tail wriggles wildly as the comet plunges through the sun's hot
atmosphere only 120,000 km above the stellar surface. This could be a sign that
the comet was buffeted by plasma waves coursing through the corona. Or perhaps
the tail was bouncing back and forth off great magnetic loops known to permeate
the sun's atmosphere. The abrupt changes in direction remind one of how the
solar wind affected the tail of Comet Encke in 2007. Minoru Yoneto “I
couldn't see the comet with my naked eye, but a 1.3 sec exposure with my Canon
Kiss X2 digital camera revealed Lovejoy's long tail."
Minor Earthquake
Sikkim:
The
Sikkim felt a minor earthquake of magnitude 3.7R with almost the epicenter
close to the state’s border with Nepal. Tremors were felt at 3h05mAM on Monday,
19th December 2011 in the same region as earlier felt on 18th
September 2011. At Prakasam District Yerragondepalem fields felt a Whirlpool
dust storm that moved on to a school premises with big sound and widely
wobbling the trees. The scientist Sivasankara Nayak at the school said that
when sudden gust of air from all four sides engulfing due to a low pressure
region such a whirlpool dust storm arises.
The
earthquake-devastated New Zealand city of Christchurch was rocked by two
powerful 5.8 magnitude tremors on Friday, sending terrified residents onto the
streets and forcing the airport to close. The first quake struck at 1.58 pm (0058 GMT) 16 miles (26 kilometers)
north of Christchurch and 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) deep, the second 5.8
quake came 70 minutes later as inner-city streets were gridlocked by people
desperate to get home. Minutes later, a 5.3-magnitude
aftershock hit, and about an hour after that, the city was shaken by another
5.8-magnitude temblor. Both aftershocks were less than 3 miles (5 kilometers)
deep. The area has recorded more than 7,000
earthquakes since a magnitude-7 quake rocked the city on 4 September, 2010 New Zealand sits on the so-called "Ring of Fire" the boundary
of the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates, and experiences up to 15,000
tremors a year. The quakes were felt as far south as Queenstown and as far north as Lower
Hutt, according to GeoNet. People in Greymouth, Ashburton, Dunedin, Hanmer
Springs and Oamaru also felt them. Rock falls had
occurred in one area and there was liquefaction when an earthquake forces
underground water up through loose soil in several places. Wainoni Rd, Avondale, is one of the suburbs
worst hit by silt and mud formed by liquefaction during the swarm of four
tremors yesterday afternoon. The liquefaction is just too much to
deal with. The aftershocks inevitably delayed the
rebuilding of the city. 22nd
February 2011 data from the Japanese Alos spacecraft has been used to map the
way the ground deformed during the most recent quake. It shows clearly that the
focus of the tremor was right under the city's south-eastern suburbs. The type
of image displayed on this page is known as a synthetic aperture radar
interferogram.
Phillipines
capital Manila on Friday 23rd December 2011 felt a 5.6R magnitude
earthquake that struck at 12h27mPM at a depth of 24km off Mindoro island, about
160 km southwest of manila.
The Palasa,
Srikakulum, Sompeta mandal villages, Bhattigaloor, Baruvaa, Nadumoor,
Yerramukam and in Vajrapukothoor mandal Manchineellapeta, Akkupalli, Bathupuram
and again in Mandasa mandalam Guddibhadhra, Haripuram and Hill regions have
felt the mild tremors almost for three seconds, of magnitude 3R, with wall
fractures of some buildings in the last two villages mentioned above. The
Palasa is situated almost 10kms away from the sea and people felt fear due to a
loud noise that was produced after the earth tremors.
A
strong, shallow 6.6-magnitude quake shook southwestern Siberia on Tuesday 27th
December 2011 some 58 miles (94 kilometers) east of the Russian city of Kyzyl,
US seismologists said. The quake, which struck at 10.21pm (1521 GMT), hit at a
depth of 3.7 miles (six kilometers).
NEPAL
WARMING:
The
Napalese Himalayas have been warming more than the global mean temperature in
recent decades. Glaciers in much of the region are showing signs of shrinking,
thinning, and retreating; and this is producing a lot of melt water. On
Ngozumpa, some of this water is seen to pool on the surface and then drain away
via a series of streams and caverns to the snout of the glacier. There, some
25km from the mountain, an enormous lake is growing behind a mound of dumped
rock fragments. This lake, called Spillway, has the potential to be about 6km
long, 1km wide and 100m deep. The concern is that this great mass of water
could eventually breach the debris dam and hurtle down the valley, sweeping
away the Sherpa villages in its path. The threat is not immediate, but it's a
situation that needs a deep study.
A
recent study for the World Bank has shown that the volume of water resulting
from glacial melt in Nepal makes up less than 5% of the flows of rivers leaving
the country and contributing to the Ganges downstream. "That is, about 95%
or more of the river flow is the result of rain and melting seasonal snow. If
that is true, rivers downstream of the eastern Himalayas will hardly be
affected, even if the glaciers recede or disappear.
New
Zeland:
The
sunshine and balmy weather enjoyed by Kiwis across the country was expected to
fade and would be replaced by stagnant rain clouds likely to arrive at the end
of the week. Hayley Hannan on Dec 27th,
2011 at 5h30mAM said the large anticyclone that brought sunny weather to the
country was due to drift east.
FINDINGS:
The
western disturbances of Monday and Tuesday 21st December 2011 have
jolted the Visakhapatnam with a bout of cold wind and chilly weather on the
Monday 19th December 2011 and Tuesday. Since the occurrence of the
Total Lunar Eclipse the weather has become one of a continued winter with
increasing cold and chilly mild winds. The upper atmosphere cold weather has
obviously affected the regions like those at Yerragondipalem village creating
the whirlpool dust spirals in view of the cold upper layers and the warm land
surface in the afternoons.
On
25th December 2011 the Christmas eve in Visakhapatnam has been
blessed with a brilliant airglow (or the Aurora Borealis) of the typical red
hue that engulfed the entire evening sky and I am amazed to note the Jupiter
shinning bright in the background scenario of the red hue. It’s not that romantically described by some
that the left cheek kissed would make the other cheek blessed with a red hue just
like that of the sky scenario.
While
travelling by a bus the author noticed that near the Charaka lake of Bhubaneswar,
Odissa the clouds low lying were exhibiting a gravity wave pattern. The Sun
spectrum on 30th at Berhampur showed the clouds of tropical cyclone
THANE scintillated with green Aurora Borealis. The Sun also found to be the
cause of some mysterious rays emission catastrophe of the formation of the
killer tropical cyclone THANE, but not fully affirmative. Fig 9
below shows an amazing capture of the onset of sea agitation of the Bay of
Bengal on 24th December 2011 morning at the time of Sun rise. The
cloud hues and the cloud patterns not only project out the Comet Lovejoy tail in
the background of the Aurora Borealis of the various constituents of the Lower
atmosphere. The clouds have been reshaped constantly by the mixed influence of
the storm surge and the gravity waves.
Another interesting find is the
Spectrum of Venus has a bright broad spectral distribution unlike the sharp and
extended spectrum of the Jupiter. The spectrum of the Venus does indeed bring
out the predominant spectral features of the Carbon dioxide.
IMAGES:
Fig. 1 of
Second Fortnight of December 2011
Fig.2
of Second Fortnight of December 2011
Fig.3 of Second Fortnight of December 2011
Fig.9
of Second Fortnight of December 2011
Fig.11
of Second Fortnight of December 2011
Fig.12
of Second Fortnight of December 2011
Fig.14
of Second Fortnight of December 2011
Fig.15
of Second Fortnight of December 2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am indebted to late Professor K.
Rangadhama Rao D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) for initiating me at his
internationally famous laboratories in Andhra University, Visakhapatnam to do
research studies and for his constant guidance during my professional career.
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