Volume 2013
Issue No.12, Dt. 5 December 2013: Time: 2h47m.PM.
DIVI THOOFFANN:
Causative of a Gravitational Demon?*
by
K.
L. Narayana M. Inst. P (Lond)
Principal
Investigator, U G C Sponsored Research Project,
Shivaji
University, Kolhapur - 416004.
and
(KLN, Physics Section, Paper No.89, the 68th Ind. Sci. Cong. Session,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 3-8th January 1981.)
ABSTRACT
The GRAVITATIONAL DEMON
Cyclones that rotated about the South India one on the Arabian Sea and the
other on Bay of Bengal in 1977 from 14 to 19 November caused an unprecedented
human and material loss. Taking specifically the example of individual cyclones
that existed during the 13th November to 19th November
over the Indian peninsular regions we note that cyclones separated by a distance
of the order of 1600km could interact mutually gravitationally. The massive
structure of a cyclone is also not free from the gravitational perturbations
that it is subjected to generally. The author’s work revealed that the Bay of
Bengal November 1977 cyclone to have existed as an individual motion system of
the atmosphere oriented vertically with an effective length of L=7.5km and
radius r~70km, density μ =1.21E-02gm per cm3 with a convective
pressure tensile strength T= 8.829E+06 dynes per square cm area. This set an
upper limit to be about 0.0611468 rad/sec. The rate of rotational movement of
this cyclone is of the order 8.79E-07 rad sec-1. The kinetic energy
of the cyclone motion system is of the order of 6.829E+11kJ. The radiation loss
by the Binary cyclone system is calculated to be 2.611E-14eV and the number of
gravitons emitted per second is calculated to be 2.267E+07. At a rate of about
8km a day (exclusively due to the said available potential energy conversion)
this involves a kinetic energy of the motion of about 1.764E+12kJ only a
fraction of the total potential energy available which the later is normally of
magnitude 10E+18kJ. Thus the dominant kinetic energy contribution to the
observed normal north-westerly motion of the Bay of Bengal cyclone during the
Oct-Nov months is due to the Baroclinical disturbances.
INTRODUCTION
Anti-clock
wise rotational tracks of Binary cyclone system of November 1977 during 14 to
19 November 1977 with one storm in the Bay of Bengal and the other storm in the
Arabian Sea has been followed with a great concern of tragic human life on both
the East and West coasts of India. A happening that has occurred now repeated
after lapse of almost 130 years ago. In the Fig.1 IMG_2307 the solid and dotted
inter-cyclone lines indicate the distance between the eyes of the respective
cyclones after and before the major onslaught of the gravitational interaction
of the 16 November 1977.
DETAILS
Spasmodic
recurrence of severe cyclone-tide wave on the 19th November 1977, after
a lapse of about 113 years at Machillipatnam in Krishna District, Andhra
Pradesh, India, left permanent hell-born and diabolical impressions on the
minds of both the weather experts and the general public alike, of devastations
that such cyclones could cause. Thooffann is the typical local word for such
severe storms and folk people of the land variedly describe these as the
attempt of revengeful sea goddess or as a happening of Kaliyuga or still as the
act of an unknown demon. Records show such storms that affected the Andhra
Coast struck earlier on the 13th October 1672, 20th May
1787, 20th October 1800 around the Machillipatnam and the Guntur
district.
Omniform records of divi toOffann
The 19th November 1977
cyclone has been described as Chirala cyclone by Meteorology Department,
general public refer it as the Divi Thooffann. This cyclone is one an unusual
magnitude of intensity and generated a tidal wave upsurge of 6 meters height
which deeply penetrated overland about 15 miles. The cyclone-tidal wave
extended over an area of about 150 square miles, devasting more than 150
villages with about half of them totally wiped out. About one lakh of
live-stock perished. The death toll of human life has been estimated with wide
variations of the figures quoted, ranging from 60,000 to 100,000 and official
records put the figure nearly as about 10,000.
Previously published articles by the
Meteorology Department and weather experts attempted a presentation of all the
available details regarding this cyclone. They include satellite observations photographs,
Radar and Balloon experimental data. Interesting also is a book by Cohen et al,
entitled ”The Cyclone of 1977” which gives extensive details and sources of
literature on this subject and further enumerate the individual and
Institutional Responses to Mass Death that occurred within minutes of the onset
of cyclone and during the night of 19th November 1977. Referring to
graphic details and to the literature of local and other news media may be also
found in this book.
D.P. K. Das, Director General of Meteorology
Government of India in a letter-note addressed to the author described this
severe storm (14th - 20th November) as follows:
“This severest storm caused heavy to
very heavy rain in Prakasham, Guntur, Krishna and East and West Godavari
districts between19th and 21st and in Telengana on 20th.
In Andhra Pradesh Guntur had a record rainfall of 40cm on 20th,
Gales of 100 to 200Kmph lashed these districts? Tidal waves 5 to 6 meters high
washed away at least 20 villages in Divi Taluka of Krishna District and 8
villages in Kona area of Bandar Taluka and 400,000 poultry were reported
lost.8000 persons died in Divi Taluka alone. About 10lakhs of huts and houses
were damaged rendering about 3.5 millions of people homeless. All standing
crops like paddy, sugar cane, cotton, tobacco and coconut in about 353600 acres
of Coastal Andhra Pradesh were reported damaged. The loss to crops and property
estimated to be about Rs.350crores.Road and rail communications, telegraph and
telephone services were badly dislocated in the above mentioned coastal
districts of Andhra Pradesh. There was extensive damage to communication
system.”
CONGENIAL
RETREATING MONSOON IMBROGLIO
Towards the end of October month and
the month of November the most important feature of the South-East or
South-West monsoon is the increasing weakness of it with moderate winds
prevailing over the south of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Usually the
pressure is about a twentieth of an inch higher in the north than in the Centre
of Bay of Bengal. Sally weather to the south of bay exists with damp westerly
winds of retreating south-west(east) monsoon, still blowing across
north-easterly winds of light to moderate strength fairly steadily over the
north-India land and Bay and as well over the greater central part of the Bay. Pressure
is lowest, in the coastal belt stretch, from Coromondal coast, Ceylon and
extending to Nicobar Island. The conditions above the 4km indicate that
mountains of Assam, Burma and China being lower than 4km the easterly
equatorial maritime air and the tropical maritime moist air from the North
Pacific Ocean high spread over North-East India, at least at that height. The
other air masses that contribute to the deep depressions of the monsoon are the
subsiding tropical maritime air mass and the dry tropical continental air of
the North-West India. But the structure of the monsoon depression and mechanism
of their generation, as per the studies of the meteorology department of India
signify varied possibilities of interpenetration depending on the year,
seasonal, month and the atmospheric observation.
The mountain barrier of Himalayas
ranges prevent the polar air from moving over the Ganges low lands and to the
Southern India. South of about 200 N, experiences the winter
monsoon, but it is rather weak and its air masses, are not of polar origin. In
India, therefore, the term monsoon is normally used only for the summer winds
and more specifically for their accompanying rain fall. Indian Meteorological
Department uses the word cyclonic storm, when the wind speeds exceeds
17.77meters per second and a severe cyclonic storm when the speed exceeds about
22.22meters per second. The cyclones are, in the tropical seas of the Indian
Continent, well developed, mature monsoon depressions which move in
anticlockwise direction of motion.
CATASTROPHIC
PHENOMENON OF INTERACTING BINARY CYCLONE SYSTEMS
It was around the 9th
November 1977 that a nucleus of depression was spotted developing into a
cyclone over the Andaman Sea. It crossed the land at Nagapatinum around the 12th
November. Eventually it moved over to the Arabian Sea via the Kozhikode and
Palghat regions of Kerala coast. It assumed then natural course of West-Northwest
direction intensifying in its strength and energy till the 16th
November 1977.
Destined or accidental it may be that
around the 13th November 1977 another cyclone developed over the Sumatra region of the Bay of Bengal
while also it intensified and moved over the north-west direction, till 16th
November 1977.
An uncommon phenomenon unknown earlier
to the weather experts has occurred on the 16th instant. The two
cyclone storm systems, the one in the Bay of Bengal and the other in the
Arabian Sea rotated in an anti-clockwise fashion about a common centre.
[Ref.5].This is obviously due to some unknown kind of interaction between the
two cyclones.
Satellite observations
photographs clearly depicted that against all existing knowledge and
information of tropical storm movements the two cyclones of the Indian
peninsular region, these two cyclone systems coupled moved a different
course. The cyclone of the Bay of Bengal
moved northwest while that in the Arabian Sea moved Southeast directions
respectively. The phenomenon continued to occur during all the four days 17th,
18th, 19th and 20th of November 1977. It
stopped when the Bay of Bengal cyclone hit the coast and gradually dissipated.
Subsequently the partner cyclone over the Arabian Sea moved lonely and struck
the west coastal region of India near Karwar on the 21st November.
Other peculiar phenomenal happenings
apart from the movement of the cyclones (as observed by satellite photographs)
have also been recorded by enthusiastic intellectual public some of which are
the authentic observations made by Late Dr. M. Gourinadha Sashtry, ex-Professor
of Physics, Hindu College, Machillipatnam and a few others residing in the
areas of Dharwar and Karnataka regions.
VEILED GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTION
OF THE BINARY CYCLONE SYSTEMS
The absence of any space scientific
analysis of the occurrence of cyclones (as for instance, it has happened on the
1st November 1864 at Machillipatnam) has been pointed out first in the year
1960, to the author by Late Prof. Dr. K. Rangadhama Rao, The Professor
Emeritus, Andhra University, Waltair.
Prompted by the recurrence of the devasting cyclones again in the month
of November 1977, an attempt has been made by the present author to explain
successfully the spatio-temporal movement of Binary cyclones systems over the
Indian Peninsular Seas based on the concept of a gravitational interaction
between these two whirling massive motion systems of the atmosphere.
The space science analysis of these
motion systems has been made adopting a theoretical model of the infrastructure
of a cyclone with Tensorial description of the formation, development and
sustenance of cyclones amenable to study both space-time geometrical analogous and
meteorological parameters. The theory envisaged provides the study of the
cyclone motion system, as a hydrostatic and gravitational entity, subject to
both the gravitational perturbations and the Baroclinical disturbances.
EQUIPOISE
HELICAL STRUCTURE OF A CYCLONE SYSTEM
The longitudinal λ, latitude φ,
pressure p, and time t are usually chosen Eulerian variables to describe the
cyclone. New description adopts further the fluid element of the helical motion
to be characterized by β the angle of fluid element symmetry axis makes
with the wind velocity v, and ξ the roll angle of the same. A point on the
surface of helix is characterized by the angle θ = ω t, where ω is the angular
velocity, and α and k, the other two typical variables Viz., the constant wind
velocity angle with an horizontal axis and k
a numerical constant of the helix.
Major factor of maintenance of
cyclones over the tropical waters is due to the differential heating (or
cooling) and by the heat exchanged during the evaporation and condensation.
Usually they are observed to generate only over hot waters, by convective circulation
when the rate of exchange of heat and water vapor from the surface water to the
atmosphere is highest. These circulations involve the cumulus and the
cumulonimbus cloud masses. Intensification is due to factors (1) increasing
cumulus circulation (2) from the latent heat released as sensible heat in the
free troposphere. This heat is utilized to warming the air that rises rapidly
causing a sort of vacuum. To fill this void from all sides the winds rush
towards the centre but in a spiral fashion due to Coriolis forces and the
Earth’s rotation. It has been observed the pressure perturbations contribution
of the air masses oppose the moist convection that arises due to the unstable
mass stratification factors. It is a significant finding that
This moist
convection factor has two contributions from θ and k, the typical helical
variables over the radial spread of the cyclone system. In the inner regions,
the mass stratification variations with respect to the θ variation, dominate
meaning thereby that intense moist convection of helical nature occur
surrounding the eye of the cyclone. These essentially form the vertical core
which serves the purpose of a spinal inner bone of the helical structure. The
cyclone helical motion system is in such fashion that the potential temperature
of each fluid element within it would remain unchanged practically along the
helical trajectory. This means that isocentric surfaces would be material
surfaces moving along the helix trajectories. Such a motion preserves the amount
of total energy of the cyclone which is the sum of its kinetic energy plus the
total potential energy maintained under both the hydrostatic and gravitational
equilibrium conditions.
DYNAMISM AND BAROCLINICITY OF AN
INDIVIDUAL CYCLONE SYSTEM
Typical cyclones of the
tropical seas, behave as an individual motion systems of atmosphere, hence at
the macro-meteorological space-time scale one can estimate how much of
available potential energy is possible within a cyclone for conversion into the
kinetic energy. At a rate of about 8km a day (exclusively due to the said
available potential energy conversion) this involves a kinetic energy of the
motion of about 1.764E+12 kJ only a fraction of the total potential energy
available which the later is normally of magnitude 10E+18kJ. Thus the dominant
kinetic energy contribution to the observed normal north-westerly motion of the
Bay of Bengal cyclone during the Oct-Nov months is due to the Baroclinical
disturbances.
In the low-stratosphere and high
low-latitude troposphere potentially cold air parcels raise equator word, while
potentially warmer air parcels subside moving pole-word. So the equatorial belt
gets cooler while the sub polar belt gets warmer in the layer 10km and 25km.
Tropical-cyclones thus continually extract heat from the equatorial belt to the
sub polar latitude against gradient of the meridional temperatures. These are
called the trade winds which move north-west to the south easterly directions
in the month of November. The Baroclinical disturbance is thus due to warm air
ascending in front of the cyclones and the cold air subsiding at the rear of
it.
AVOIRDUPOIS
CYCLONE AND ITS GRAVITATIONAL PUISSANT
It is not surprising that individual
cyclone acts as a source of gravitational radiation as it does posses an almost
convective pressure rigid core of fluid elements and as well can interact with
other cyclones, as a single entity. Taking specifically the example of
individual cyclones that existed during the 13th November to 19th
November over the Indian peninsular regions we note that cyclones separated by
a distance of the order of 1600km could interact mutually gravitationally. The
massive structure of a cyclone is also not free from the gravitational
perturbations that it is subjected to generally. The author’s work revealed
that the Bay of Bengal November 1977 cyclone to have existed as an individual
motion system of the atmosphere oriented vertically with an effective length of
L= 7.5km and radius r-70km density μ =1.21E-02gm per cm3 with a convective
pressure tensile strength T= 8.829E+06 dynes per square cm area. This set an
upper limit to be about 0.0611468 rad/sec.
This amounts to the gravitational
radiation of quantum of energy 6.728E-17eV. Estimate of total gravitational
radiation energy as 86.935KeV. Despite the smallness of this output of the
enormous cyclone of mass 3,528 Billion tones the number of Gravitons, the
particles that propagate the gravitational force, emitted to be at the rate of
1.3E+21 gravitons per second.
The significant feature of the model
formulated by the present author is that with the increase in the cyclone
convective pressure tensile strength, and density the rate of emission also
goes up, with the size of the system. Therefore, it is appropriate to model cyclone
as a spinning motion system which acts as a source of gravitational radiation.
GRAVITATIONALLY
CONCORDANT BINARY CYCLONES
Explanation for the peculiar behavior
of the cyclones during the November 1977, a phenomenon of an uncommon kind, has
not been advanced in literature. Actually, the movement of the Binary cyclones
during the 16th to 19th November 1977 was totally
recalcitrant with the known knowledge of meteorological and weather trends of
the tropical cyclones. Hence it is not surprising that the present work
constitutes as the work of first time report that a model explicitly describing
the features of gravitational interaction of double cyclones is presented. The
work helps to predict idealistic conditions of binary cyclones interaction to
recur and helpful to gauge the future cyclones that might occur.
The angular rotation of the double
cyclones about their common centre of gravity caused the Bay of Bengal cyclone
to move against a direction opposed to the natural Baroclinical disturbances of
the atmosphere. The initial effect of gravitational interaction that developed
during the days of 12th to 19th November 1977, was to
stop the movement of Bay of Bengal cyclone towards the south-easterly direction subsequently the interaction caused
the motion in a reversed direction. Consequently the cyclone struck the eastern
coast of India on the 19th November 1977 that fateful day killings
of unaware population of rural India. (See Fig.1).
The rate of rotational movement of
this cyclone is of the order 8.79E-07 rad sec-1. The kinetic energy
of the cyclone motion system is of the order of 6.829E+11kJ. The radiation loss
by the Binary cyclone system is calculated to be 2.611E-14eV and the number of
gravitons emitted per second is calculated to be 2.267E+07. The energy of each
graviton and total amount of radiation emitted per second both are small but
the model clearly demonstrates the significant feature that the cyclones
physically do interact gravitationally and such an interaction is even capable of
effectively altering the course of movement of individual cyclones. The model
thus explains why it is not unphysical that the Divi Cyclone of November 1977
crossed the land at Machillipatnam, instead of dissipating into the Sea in a
natural course.
*
K. L. Narayana, “Space Science analysis of the 19th November 1977
Indian
Peninsular Double Cyclone and their
gravitational interaction and a model of
a helical cyclonic metric structure”,
Physics Section, Paper No.89, the 68th Ind. Sci.
Cong. Session, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, 3-8th January 1981.
REFERENCES
- Stephen
P. Cohen, Ragaghavulu, C. V., “The Andhra cyclone of 1977”, Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Kanpur.
- K. L. Narayana, “On other gravity possibilities of Gravitation”, Proc. Einstein Centenary Symp. 20th February 1980, University of Nagpur, Nagpur, 1980.
- K. L. Narayana, “Space Science analysis of the 19th November 1977 Indian Peninsular Double Cyclone and their gravitational interaction and a model of a helical cyclonic metric structure”, Physics Section, Paper No.89, the 68th Ind. Sci.Cong. Session, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 3-8th January 1981.
- Subrahmanyam,
Science Reporter Vol.15, p.154, 1978.
- Mukherjee
A. K., Science Today, Vol.12, p.45, 1978.
- Nieuwolt.S.,
“Tropical Climatology”, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter.6,1977
- Desai
B. N., Memoris Ind. Met Dept., p.28, Part V, 1952
- Pramarik
S. K., Rao. K. N. Memoris Ind. Met Dept., p.30, Part VI, 1953.
- K. L. Narayana,” Graviton and Anti-Graviton annihilation and creation of Fermi-Quark and f-meson pair multiplets”, Mathematics Section, Paper No.114,68th Ind. Sci. Cong. Sess, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 3-8th January, 1981.
- K. L. Narayana, “Spinorial-Optical collineations and a theory of Massive charged Vector Bosons”, Mathematics Section, Paper No.110, 68th Ind. Sci. Cong. Session, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 3-8th January 1981.
Fig.1 Page 1 IMG_2307
Fig.2 Page 2 IMG_2308
Fig.3 Page 3 IMG_2309
Fig.4 Page 4
IMG_2310
Fig.5 Page 5
IMG_2311
Fig.6 Page 6
IMG_2312
Fig.7 Page 7IMG_2313
Fig.8 Page 8
IMG_2314
Fig.9 from UNESCO
R R Naybury Impact of Science on Society, Dt. 4 Aug 1982, IMG_2306
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Am indebted to Late Prof. K.
Rangadhama Rao, D.Sc. (Madras) D.Sc. (London) whose critical research analysis helped
me a lot personally and his effort in establishment of an International Centre
of Research at AU, Waltair inspiring several students, many who have migrated
away to foreign countries.
My List:
88. K. L. Narayana, “Space Science
analysis of the 19th November 1977 Indian
Peninsular Double Cyclone and their
gravitational interaction and a model of
a helical cyclonic metric structure”,
Physics Section, Paper No.89, the 68th Ind. Sci.
Cong. Session, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, 3-8th January 1981.
89. K. L. Narayana,” Graviton and
Anti-Graviton annihilation and creation of
Fermi-Quark and f-meson pair multiplets”,
Mathematics Section, Paper No.114,
68th Ind. Sci. Cong. Session,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 3-8th January,
1981.
90. K. L. Narayana, “Spinorial-Optical
collineations and a theory of Massive charged
Vector Bosons”, Mathematics Section, Paper No.110, 68th Ind.
Sci. Cong. Session,
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 3-8th January 1981.
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